Digital Commons Network^™

Provisioning Services Decline For Both People And Critically Endangered Wildlife In A Rainforest Transformation Landscape, Katherine J. Kling, Timothy M. Eppley, A. Catherine Markham, Patricia C. Wright, Be Noel Razafindrapaoly, Rajaona Delox, Be Jean Rodolph Rasolofoniaina, Jeanne Mathilde Randriamanetsy, Pascal Elison, Natalie Vasey, Multiple Additional Authors

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The loss and degradation of forests and other ecosystems worldwide threaten both global biodiversity and the livelihoods of people who use natural resources. Understanding how natural resource use impacts landscape provisioning services for both people and wildlife is thus critical for designing comprehensive resource management strategies. We used data from community focus groups, botanical plots and an inventory of plant species consumed by the Critically Endangered red-ruffed lemur (Varecia rubra) to assess the availability of key provisioning services for people and endemic wildlife on the Masoala Peninsula, a rainforest transformation landscape, in northeastern Madagascar (Masoala National Park and 13 surrounding …

Human-Driven Fire And Vegetation Dynamics On The Caribbean Island Of Barbuda From Early Indigenous To Modern Times, Allison R. Leblanc, Lisa M. Kennedy, Michael J. Burn, Université Laval, Sophia Perdikaris

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

We present a multiproxy analysis of a sediment core from Freshwater Pond, Barbuda, one of just a few inland paleoenvironmental records from the Lesser Antilles. Our results shed light on the relative contributions of climate variability and Pre- and Post-Columbian human activities to vegetation and fire dynamics on Barbuda. The presence of macroscopic charcoal and pollen of ethnobotanically-useful and disturbance-indicator plant taxa in the sediment record suggests that Pre-Columbian subsistence activities occurred within a few kilometers of the pond between ~150 BCE and ~1250 CE. Our record extends anthropogenic fires back into the early Ceramic (500 BCE–1500 CE) and possibly …

Decreasing The United States’ Maternal Mortality Rate: Using Policies Of Other High-Income Countries As A Model, Leah Frattellone

Pace International Law Review

The United States has the highest maternal mortality rate among high-income countries. This article focuses on policies the United States can implement to decrease the maternal mortality rate, with a focus on access to abortion, the standard of care for pregnant women and new mothers, access to healthcare, and family leave. This article also explores policies surrounding those areas in other high-income countries and analyzes the differences in both the actual policies and the outcomes of those policies. To effectively decrease the maternal mortality rate in the United States, policies from other high-income countries, with lower maternal mortality rates should …

Medical Misadventures As Errors And Mistakes And Motor Vehicular Accidents In The Disproportionate Burden Of Childhood Mortality Among Blacks/African Americans In The United States: Cdc Dataset, 1968-2015, Maura Poleon

All Publications

Purpose: Racial disparities in infant mortality in the United States persist after adjustment for known confounders of race and mortality association, as well as heterogeneity assessment. Epidemiologic and clinical data continue to show the survival disadvantages of Black/AA children: when Black/AAs are compared to whites, they are three times as likely to die from all-cause mortality. The persistent inability to remove the variance in race–mortality association is partly due to unobserved, unmeasured, and residual confounding, as well as implicit biases in public health and clinical medicine in health equity transformation. This current epidemiologic-perspective explanatory model study aimed to examine the …

Guideline Concordance For Timely Chest Imaging After New Presentations Of Dyspnoea Or Haemoptysis In Primary Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Minjoung Monica Koo, Luke T A Mounce, Meena Rafiq, Matthew E J Callister, Hardeep Singh, Gary A Abel, Georgios Lyratzopoulos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Guidelines recommend urgent chest X-ray for newly presenting dyspnoea or haemoptysis but there is little evidence about their implementation.

Methods: We analysed linked primary care and hospital imaging data for patients aged 30+ years newly presenting with dyspnoea or haemoptysis in primary care during April 2012 to March 2017. We examined guideline-concordant management, defined as General Practitioner-ordered chest X-ray/CT carried out within 2 weeks of symptomatic presentation, and variation by sociodemographic characteristic and relevant medical history using logistic regression. Additionally, among patients diagnosed with cancer we described time to diagnosis, diagnostic route and stage at diagnosis by guideline-concordant status. …

A Critical Review Of Egg Descriptions For The Sucre Antpitta Grallaricula Cumanensis Based On The Ragnar Kreuger Oological Collection Of The Finnish Museum Of Natural History, Finland / Revisión Crítica De La Descripción De Los Huevos Del Ponchito De Sucre Grallaricula Cumanensis Basados En La Colección Oológica Ragnar Kreuger Del Museo Finlandés De Historia Natural, Finlandia, Vladislav Marcuk, Donovan De Boer, Harold F. Greeney

Revista Venezolana de Ornitología

We provide a summary of published information on eggs of the endemic Sucre Antpitta Grallaricula cumanensis from Venezuela. Following the formal description of the eggs of G. c. cumanensis more than a half century ago, the natural history and breeding biology of the species still remains virtually unknown. During our investigation of inconsistencies in the linear measurements in the literature, we examined the original collection labels associated with the only three egg sets known for the Sucre Antpitta, all held at the Finnish Museum of Natural History. Herein we provide corrected linear measurements for the eggs of the Sucre Antpitta, …

Open-Source Based Change Pattern Analysis Of Urban Green Spaces Using Landscape Metrics, Mohammad Anwar Alattar

The Geographical Bulletin

A growing number of studies have been conducted on urban green spaces (UGSs), given their essential role in mitigating urbanization externalities. The current available methods for acquiring and analyzing UGSs data suffer from several limitations. For example, free satellite imagery exhibits pixel distortion and fails to account for fine-grained structure such as accurate geometry or size. Moreover, official UGSs datasets are typically updated periodically, not continuously. This work provides a Python-derived open-source based analysis for acquiring, modeling and analyzing UGSs change patterns using landscape metrics. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, it is applied on the New York …

Singular Comportamiento De Alimentación En El Carpintero Habado Melanerpes Rubricapillus / Peculiar Feeding Behavior By The Red-Crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes Rubricapillus, Luis G. González Bruzual, Gedio Marín

Revista Venezolana de Ornitología

No abstract provided.

Maternal Mortality: What Is The Situation And The Determinants?, Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Maternal mortality is a term used to describe a woman's death due to a pregnancy-related issues during pregnancy or a year from its termination or due to an existing condition exacerbated by pregnancy. Every year, an estimated 303,000 women lose their lives during childbirth, mostly in underdeveloped nations. This study aimed to assess the current situation and causes of maternal mortality around the world. It was conducted by searching for the related keywords in Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Google Books. The search was limited to articles published between the years 2015 and 2023. This article found that maternal deaths can …

Neighborhood Environment And Poor Maternal Glycemic Control-Associated Complications Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Leela V. Thomas, Claudine T. Jurkovitz, Zugui Zhang, Mitchell R. Fawcett, M. James Lenhard

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Risk of complications due to gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing in the U.S., particularly among individuals from racial minorities. Research has focused largely on clinical interventions to prevent complications, rarely on individuals' residential environments. This retrospective cohort study aims to examine the association between individuals' neighborhoods and complications of gestational diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic health records and linked to American Community Survey data from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2,047 individuals who had 2,164 deliveries in 2014-2018. Data were analyzed in 2021-2022 using Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test for bivariate …

Impacts Of Climate Change And Agricultural Practices On Nitrogen Processes, Genes, And Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions: A Quantitative Review Of Meta-Analyses, Dafeng Hui, Avedananda Ray, Lovish Kasrija, Jaekedah Christian

Biology Faculty Research

Microbial-driven processes, including nitrification and denitrification closely related to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) production, are orchestrated by a network of enzymes and genes such as amoA genes from ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), narG (nitrate reductase), nirS and nirK (nitrite reductase), and nosZ (N2O reductase). However, how climatic factors and agricultural practices could influence these genes and processes and, consequently, soil N2O emissions remain unclear. In this comprehensive review, we quantitatively assessed the effects of these factors on nitrogen processes and soil N2O emissions using mega-analysis (i.e., meta-meta-analysis). The results showed that global warming increased soil nitrification and denitrification …

Sulfur Assimilation Using Gaseous Carbonyl Sulfideby The Soil Fungus Trichoderma Harzianum, Ryuka Iizuka, Shohei Hattori, Yusuke Kosaka, Yoshihito Masaki, Yusuke Kawano, Iwao Ohtsu, David Hibbett, Yoko Katayama, Makoto Yoshida

Biology

Fungi have the capacity to assimilate a diverse range of both inorganic and organic sulfur compounds. It has been recognized that all sulfur sources taken up by fungi are in soluble forms. In this study, we present evidence that fungi can utilize gaseous carbonyl sulfide(COS) for the assimilation of a sulfur compound. We found that the filamentousfungus Trichoderma harzianum strain THIF08, which has constitutively high COS-degrading activity, was able to grow with COS as the sole sulfur source. Cultivation with 34S-labeled COS revealed that sulfur atom from COS was incorporated into intracellular metabolites such as glutathione and ergothioneine. COS degradation …

Schizachyrium Scoparium (C4) Better Tolerates Drought Than Andropogon Gerardii (C4) Via Constant Co2 Supply For Photosynthesis During Water Stress, Alina Dekirmenjian, Diego Montano, Michelle L. Budny, Nathan P. Lemoine

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Climate change is dramatically altering global precipitation patterns across terrestrial ecosystems, making it critically important that we understand both how and why plant species vary in their drought sensitivities. Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium, both C₄ grasses, provide a model system for understanding the physiological mechanisms that determine how species of a single functional type can differ in drought responses, an issue remains a critical gap in our ability to model and predict the impacts of drought on grassland ecosystems. Despite its greater lability of foliar water content, previous experiments have demonstrated that S. scoparium maintains higher photosynthetic …

Matrilineality, Water Knowledge And Networks, And The Position Of Women In Rural Tanzania, Ruth Aernout, Sara Dewachter, Nathalie Holvoet

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article reports on a study of the effect of matrilineality on a community’s social fabric in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. We used water information-sharing networks as a proxy for social interaction, with water accessibility, functionality, and quality being highly problematic in the area under study. This is a situation that particularly affects women, who are generally responsible for household water provision yet are excluded from water management institutions. Drawing on network and survey data and focus group discussions, the differences in inter-gender interaction, inclusiveness, and women’s status were explored by comparing a matrilineal and mixed patri-matrilineal community. We …

Influence Of Microbes In Mediating Sorghum Resistance To Sugarcane Aphids, Edith Ikuze, Stephanie Cromwell, Paul A. Ayayee, Joe Louis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Gut microbiomes profoundly influence insect health and mediate interactions between plant hosts and their environments. Insects, including aphids, harbour diverse obligate symbionts that synthesize essential nutrients and facultative symbionts that enhance host fitness in specific ecological contexts. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a significant cereal crop cultivated worldwide that has been negatively affected by the presence of an invasive piercing-sucking insect pest, the sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari). We previously identified SC265 and SC1345 as the resistant and susceptible sorghum lines, respectively, among the founder nested association mapping (NAM) population. Here, using these resistant and susceptible lines, we …

Social Determinants Of Health, Comorbidities, And Covid-19 Among Adults Aged 18 And Older In Indiana, Kandeh Kamara

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Association Between Marital Status, Family Size, And Diabetes Among Asian-American Women, Rhea Ann Reyes Mcbride

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Book Reviews, Marine Ornithology

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Characterizing Isotopic Variation Of A Tropical Seabird, The White Tern Gygis Alba, N. W. Yeung, D. C. Duffy, S. Conant

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Trans-Andean Passage Of Migrating Arctic Terns Over Patagonia, D. C. Duffy, A. Mckight, D. B. Irons

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Size And Distribution Of The California Brown Pelican Metapopulation In A Non-Enso Year, D. W. Anderson, C. J. Henny, C. Godínez-Reyes, F. Gress, E. L. Palacios, K. Santos, J. P. Gallo-Reynoso, J. Bredy

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Catastrophic Breeding Failure Caused By Heavy Rainfall In A Shearwater Colony, C. J. Tiller, N. I. Klomp, P. J. Fullagar, P. C. Heyligers

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Identifying Nesting Habitat Of Kittlitz's Murrelets Brachyramphus Brevirostris: Old Nests Lead To A New Breeding Record, L. A. Kenney, R. S.A. Kaler

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Nesting Least Terns Sternula Antillarum At Estero Cardonal, Sonora, Mexico: A Newly Discovered Colony In The Gulf Of California, A. B. Fleishman, N. S. Blinick

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Fledging Chronology Of Craveri's Murrelet Synthliboramphus Craveri On Isla Alcatraz, Gulf Of California, Mexico, E. K. Hurley, N. S. Blinick

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Birds At Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica: Breeding Species And Their Distribution, N. R. Coria, D. Montalti, E. F. Rombola, M. M. Santos, M. I. Garcia, M. A. Juarez

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Band Recoveries And Juvenile Dispersal Of Southern Giant-Petrels Macronectes Giganteus Marked As Chicks In Antarctica By The Brazilian Antarctic Program (1984-1993), M. Sander, S. A. Garcia, A. P.B. Carneiro, S. I. Cristofoli, M. J. Polito

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Breeding Distribution And Population Status Of The Northern Giant Petrel Macronectes Halli And Southern Giant Petrel M Giganteus, D. L. Patterson, E. J. Woehler, J. P. Croxall, J. Cooper, S. Poncet, S. Hunter, W. R. Fraser

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Breeding Distribution And Population Status Of The Northern Giant Petrel Macronectes Halli And Southern Giant Petrel M Giganteus, D. L. Patterson, E. J. Woehler, J. P. Croxall, J. Cooper, S. Poncet, S. Hunter, W. R. Fraser

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Reproductive Success Of The Providence Petrel Pterodroma Solandri On Lord Howe Island, Australia, A. J. Bester, D. Priddel, N. I. Klomp, N. Carlile, L. E. O'Neill

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.