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2024

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Ethical Selection And Brain Text: The Development Of Ethical Literary Criticism, Gexin Yang, Hongxia Zheng Dec 2024

Ethical Selection And Brain Text: The Development Of Ethical Literary Criticism, Gexin Yang, Hongxia Zheng

Kritika Kultura

This essay examines the discursive emergence of ethical literary criticism—a new wave of theory and practice of literary criticism that has developed in the West even as it has also historically thrived in China. It begins with the revival of ethical criticism in the West when American ethical criticism blossomed and advanced new conceptions of reading. The paper then turns “eastward” to China and discusses the historical context in which ethical literary criticism emerged in the country. It surveys the history of importation of Western theories and the resulting inundation of the “theoretical complex” since China’s opening up to the …


Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng

Kritika Kultura

From the perspective of the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism and specific key concepts such as brain text and electronic text, this paper attempts to examine the conflicts between the mechanical and the human in Ian McEwan’s novel Machines Like Me (2019) in order to explore issues such as natural selection, ethical selection, ethical consciousness, and artificial intelligence. Taking these thematic concerns as reference points, this paper argues that a human being is a product of natural selection and ethical selection, while a machine is a product of scientific selection. In the novel, the conflicts between the three main …


Introduction: Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Introduction: Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

This introduction briefly frames the parameters within which the eight articles of the Forum explore the topic of ethical literary criticism, and more specifically brain text, and attempts at reading anew selected texts from World Literature. In addition to offering brief summaries of the articles, it also reflects on possible directions for future research and theory and practice of ethical criticism in response to recent developments in the literary scene like the rise of new “genres” in the digital world.


Adelina Gurrea And The Construction Of Spanish Literature During Franco's Dictatorship, Beatriz Álvarez-Tardío Dec 2024

Adelina Gurrea And The Construction Of Spanish Literature During Franco's Dictatorship, Beatriz Álvarez-Tardío

Kritika Kultura

This article focuses on the literary reception of Adelina Gurrea in Spain. The backdrop is the Spanish critical discourse on literature between 1943 and 1954. Gurrea’s book Cuentos de Juana was published in Spain at the end of 1943. The following year, Carmen Laforet won the Nadal prize with her celebrated novel Nada. In 1951, Gurrea’s book won the international prize awarded by the Union Latine in Paris. In 1954, Isabel Calvo included both writers in her Antología biográfica de escritoras españolas (Anthology and Biography of Spanish Women Writers). Spanish literary critics praised Gurrea’s work as a product of Spain, …


"Esa Segunda Nación": The Colonial Logic Of Galdós's Doña Perfecta, Aaron Castroverde Dec 2024

"Esa Segunda Nación": The Colonial Logic Of Galdós's Doña Perfecta, Aaron Castroverde

Kritika Kultura

This article will analyze the role of colonialism in Benito Pérez Galdós’ novel Doña Perfecta by putting it into dialogue with the work of José Rizal. By examining the two writers side by side, we will see how the logic of colonialism manifested itself in the formal aspects of their work. Galdós will show us how the internal contradictions of metropolitan Spain during the Carlist Wars obeyed the same logic as the governing of the remaining overseas empire. Meanwhile, Rizal’s first novel, Noli me tángere, reveals how those same contradictions were equally complicit in the colonial project. Colonialism, while not …


Outsiders On The Inside: Mestizaje And The Economics Of Colonial Desire In Sinibaldo De Mas And Francisco De Paula Entrala, Joyce Tolliver Dec 2024

Outsiders On The Inside: Mestizaje And The Economics Of Colonial Desire In Sinibaldo De Mas And Francisco De Paula Entrala, Joyce Tolliver

Kritika Kultura

Throughout the last twenty-five years of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, Spaniards published essays and fiction that echoed the view that the colonial project was doomed to failure, clearly expressed in Sinibaldo de Mas’s 1843 Informe secreto (Secret Report). Less attention is paid to nineteenth-century works by peninsulares that mirrored Mas’s alternative plan preparing for Philippine “emancipation” and economically incentivizing mestizaje. Among these were the fiction and essays of the self-described “aplatanado” Francisco de Paula Entrala, which suggested that any failure of mestizaje as a normalizing colonial project was due to the shortcomings of the peninsular Spaniards themselves. In …


Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islemecocritical Reading Of Inanimateness Animism, Inas Samy Abolfotoh Dec 2024

Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islemecocritical Reading Of Inanimateness Animism, Inas Samy Abolfotoh

Kritika Kultura

Inanimateness is a common characteristic of physical matter. Non-living nature is regarded as a lifeless object. Its value in scientific fields stems from being a container of living ecosystems. Poets, however, have a different vision. They perceive a type of mysterious life in what is scientifically labeled inanimate. It is a different type of life, an anonymous one that cannot be empirically proven but is strongly sensed by persistent observers. Material Islamecocriticism, which is a Material Ecocriticism from an Islamic perspective, deciphers this puzzling view of the inert world: the in-between death-life position. This position makes some see it as …


Animal Welfarism In American Law: Animal Farming, Privilege, And Disempowerment, Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues Dec 2024

Animal Welfarism In American Law: Animal Farming, Privilege, And Disempowerment, Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues

Kritika Kultura

The instrumentalization of rights and interests for furthering political and economic ends is a common phenomenon in contemporary societies. Routinely, these are a trojan horse to political goals that involve discrimination of disempowered groups. This phenomenon of instrumentalization is present in many social phenomena; a less explored phenomenon where this has been researched is this instrumentalization with respect to animal protection law. In this article, I explore how American animal law is instrumentalized to privilege the animal farming industry and disadvantage disempowered groups. I explain how American animal law tends to further disempower individuals according to class and perceived ethnicity. …


Speaking Across The Lines: 1965, The Family, And Reconciliation In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong Dec 2024

Speaking Across The Lines: 1965, The Family, And Reconciliation In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong

Kritika Kultura

In the aftermath of the 1965 killings, Suharto’s New Order regime in Indonesia initiated a series of policies and ideological programs that sought to turn the Southeast Asian nation into an “integral state.” The family unit then became institutionalized and idealized as an object providing the state with the necessary discursive language to maintain then-president Suharto’s three-decade long rule. His regime, however, continued to demonize hundreds of thousands of former political detainees, denying their families access to basic rights. Branded as having come from “unclean environments,” the descendants of the Suharto regime’s political detainees continue to face discrimination even after …


Forma: Notes, Arbeen R. Acuña Dec 2024

Forma: Notes, Arbeen R. Acuña

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Night Market As Conceved-Planned Space, Raymundo R. Pavo Dec 2024

Night Market As Conceved-Planned Space, Raymundo R. Pavo

Kritika Kultura

This paper explores and tackles the meaning and issues of Roxas Night Market in Davao City as conceived space. Guided by Henri Lefebvre’s notion of space as conceived, which refers to the perspective of planners, designers, or engineers, the night market in Davao City is described as space created by the Local Government Unit (LGU) and regulated by rules that it has set. Recognizing that this notion of space impinges upon the life of the street vendors, the LGU’s account of the issues that beset the area as rules are applied and decisions are imposed is also identified and looked …


On Faith, Politics, Privilege, And Other Demons, Daryll Delgado Dec 2024

On Faith, Politics, Privilege, And Other Demons, Daryll Delgado

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


The Tongues Of Men And Of Angels, Sandra Nicole Roldan Dec 2024

The Tongues Of Men And Of Angels, Sandra Nicole Roldan

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Historical Dialogues, Collective Memory Work, And The (Dis)Continuation Of Conflicts, Sara Dybris Mcquaid, Henrik Sonne Petersen, Johnston Price Dec 2024

Historical Dialogues, Collective Memory Work, And The (Dis)Continuation Of Conflicts, Sara Dybris Mcquaid, Henrik Sonne Petersen, Johnston Price

Kritika Kultura

This article is at once about historical dialogues and itself a dialogue: In an effort to discuss historical dialogues in the intersection between the academic field of memory studies and the practical field of peace-building, the article offers a semi-structured conversation between an academic and two practitioners. It is on the one hand an exploratory dialogue aimed at identifying and observing potential entry points for analysis and practice in conflict transformations, whilst on the other a discussion of how historical dialogues themselves are framed as open and exploratory or principled and tied to preconditions. The first conversation is between an …


Alt-Burger: Transforming Populist Food Systems, Sophie Christman Dec 2024

Alt-Burger: Transforming Populist Food Systems, Sophie Christman

Kritika Kultura

This article argues that there exists a problematic nexus between the industrial livestock industry, US food system policies, and American propagandist literature. The essay’s specific aim is to transform carnivorous appetites by subverting the integrity of America’s national gastronomic emblem – the hamburger. The article examines how hamburgers are unsustainable food system commodities that exacerbate state-sanctioned climate change, analyzes the underpinnings of ecophobic beef literature—specifically the graphic narrative—that serves as state propaganda, and shows how American comics can alternately promote sustainability nexuses by creating awareness of how food systems impact climate change.


Gm Foods, Power, And Globalization In Oryx And Crake, Chao Xie Dec 2024

Gm Foods, Power, And Globalization In Oryx And Crake, Chao Xie

Kritika Kultura

Food is taking on a new character in the twenty-first century; it has transformed into a rich site that brings together discussions about race, species, subjectivities, environment, and so on. In the era of the Anthropocene, when human activities have exerted a decisive and unprecedented impact on the earth, the role that food plays deserves closer examination. This article examines genetically modified (GM) food in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake through close reading and looks at how GM food transforms into a global actant that influences nature and culture on a global scale. Investigating the transformation of GM food in …


Transformation Of The Self Through Islamic Practices In Leila Aboulela's The Translator, Amrah Abdul Majid Dec 2024

Transformation Of The Self Through Islamic Practices In Leila Aboulela's The Translator, Amrah Abdul Majid

Kritika Kultura

This paper discusses the practice of religious rituals and doctrines and the effects that these have on the protagonist of Leila Aboulela’s The Translator. Although it is a love story that highlights the challenges of a relationship between a young and devout Muslim widow and an agnostic Scottish man, I suggest that the novel’s focus is on the spiritual journey that the protagonist goes through. She is portrayed as a selfish individual who uses religion mainly as an escape from her tragic life, and she has a flawed belief that she can only feel fulfilled if she becomes a wife …


Dramatizing History: Reading Bakhtin's Carnival In Kee Thaun Chye's Plays, Erda Wati Bakar, Noraini Md Yusof, Ravichandran Vengadasamy Dec 2024

Dramatizing History: Reading Bakhtin's Carnival In Kee Thaun Chye's Plays, Erda Wati Bakar, Noraini Md Yusof, Ravichandran Vengadasamy

Kritika Kultura

This paper explores the representations of Bakhtin’s notion of the Carnival in two revisioned historical plays of Kee Thuan Chye. As a firm believer of freedom of expression, Kee Thuan Chye employs his plays as a medium to express his criticism towards and resistance against authority. His plays We Could **** You, Mr. Birch (1994) and Swordfish, then the Concubine (2009) form the corpus of this study. This study investigates how Bakhtin’s notion of the Carnival is represented in the plays which are reconstructions of history. Specifically, the constructs of the Carnival like the reversal of social hierarchy, grotesque realism, …


Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin Dec 2024

Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin

Kritika Kultura

The use of multimodal texts as a teaching resource is believed to be one of the fundamental requirements in keeping abreast with the rapid evolvement of literacy. This practice is reflected in the teaching of literature at primary schools in Malaysia when graphic novels, an example of a multimodal text, are introduced as one of the contemporary literary texts. The unique combination of language and images to make meaning in new ways is considered to be one of the main attributes why graphic novels are relevant in promoting multimodality in literature learning. Although its benefits are extensively explored, little research …


The Bow And The Lyre: Towards A Healthy Tension Between Disciplinarity And Interdisciplinarity, Remmon E. Barbaza Dec 2024

The Bow And The Lyre: Towards A Healthy Tension Between Disciplinarity And Interdisciplinarity, Remmon E. Barbaza

Kritika Kultura

While interdisciplinary work is something to be encouraged and supported, it can only thrive on the basis of strong disciplinarity. When carried out properly, interdisciplinarity does not diminish or undermine the individual disciplines, but in fact is made possible by vibrant individual disciplines. A healthy tension between disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity must then be sought, calling to mind the Heraclitean ideal of harmony that is produced through the proper tension, say as in the strings of musical instrument, as in the well-known example of the bow and the lyre. Genuine interdisciplinary work does not constrict, but rather helps expand the individual …


The City As Nation: Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila As Nationalist History, Hidde Van Der Wall Dec 2024

The City As Nation: Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila As Nationalist History, Hidde Van Der Wall

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses Nick Joaquin’s Manila, My Manila (1989/1999) as an example of how his historiographical work tends to be more conventional in terms of the nationalism that dominates Philippine historiography, and has a more complex relationship to this discourse than existing analyses tend to suggest. While his veneration of the Spanish colonial period is indeed unconventional, his book leaves the main problem of nationalist discourse untouched as it maintains the essentialist notion of an identifiable national community projected backwards into time. The book fails to capitalize on the potential for disrupting national paradigms that city narratives offer. Rather than …


The Politics Of Translation In The Creation, Production, And Canon Formation Of Translated Cebuano Literature From The Postwar Period To The Present, Maria Vanessa Estillore-Gabunada Dec 2024

The Politics Of Translation In The Creation, Production, And Canon Formation Of Translated Cebuano Literature From The Postwar Period To The Present, Maria Vanessa Estillore-Gabunada

Kritika Kultura

The status of Cebuano literature in the Philippine literary field has been relegated to a marginalized position due to the outbreak of the Second World War and the implementation of English and Filipino as “Mediums of Instruction.” As a consequence, the development of Cebuano literature was thwarted. However, prominent Cebuano scholars exerted valuable effort to overcome the marginalized status of Cebuano literature through translation. Through translation, Cebuano literature started to be recognized in the Philippine literary field as translation projects of Cebuano literature were published and canonized. This study looks at the politics of translation and how it influences the …


Towards A Practical And Empirically Grounded Account Of Útang-Na-Loób As A Filipino Virtue, Jacklyn A. Cleofas Dec 2024

Towards A Practical And Empirically Grounded Account Of Útang-Na-Loób As A Filipino Virtue, Jacklyn A. Cleofas

Kritika Kultura

Although there are existing philosophical accounts of útang-na-loób (debt of good will) and the suggestion that this Filipino cultural practice can be considered a virtue is not new, questions remain about how morally desirable forms of útang-na-loób can be separated from its problematic involvement in nepotism, patronage politics, life-long servitude, corruption, and other forms of injustice. In this paper, I develop a practical and empirically grounded account of útang-na-loób as a Filipino virtue by using a neo-Aristotelian framework that allows for the incorporation of research from the social sciences into virtue-theoretic recommendations for action. I argue that útang-na-loób must be …


Divided We Stand: Bewailing Alien-Nation In Esiaba Irobi's Why I Don't Like Philip Larkin, Niyi Akingbe Dec 2024

Divided We Stand: Bewailing Alien-Nation In Esiaba Irobi's Why I Don't Like Philip Larkin, Niyi Akingbe

Kritika Kultura

Genuine euphoria, which accompanied the birth of multi-ethnic Nigeria nation-state in 1960, has been regrettably deflated and more than offset by the onrush of political tension that has ravaged its polity in recent times. Hence, the deforming pressure of inequity in contemporary Nigeria logically stands out as a corollary of political tyranny. From the standpoint of inequity, political marginality ostensibly poses a contentious decoding as it often raises poignant questions in the philosophy of meanings embedded in Esiaba Irobi’s Why I Don’t Like Philip Larkin. In connection to this, the historical referencing of the amalgamation of northern and southern Nigeria …


Notes On The Permutation Of Prayer, Lakan Umali Dec 2024

Notes On The Permutation Of Prayer, Lakan Umali

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Out And About: Migrant Bakla, Perverse Intimacies, And The Musical Of Migration In Liza Magtoto’S Care Divas, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr. Dec 2024

Out And About: Migrant Bakla, Perverse Intimacies, And The Musical Of Migration In Liza Magtoto’S Care Divas, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr.

Kritika Kultura

The essay analyzes the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA)’s stage musical, Care Divas, for its figuration of the Filipino migrant worker as bakla and for its consequent queering of labor out-migration from the Philippines. It problematizes the notion of “perverse intimacy,” particularly through the play’s employment of gay language and performance as agentive practices of survival in the diaspora. Finally, it interrogates the play’s aestheticization of kabaklaan and migrant work through a musical drama-comedy format, which deploys song and dance, as well as laughter and sentimentality, in order to make a spectacle out of the foibles of migrant bakla, to …


From Stage To Screen: Early Filmmaking Of Indigenous Performers In Highland Central Java, Tito Imanda Dec 2024

From Stage To Screen: Early Filmmaking Of Indigenous Performers In Highland Central Java, Tito Imanda

Kritika Kultura

This paper is based on an empirical study that explores issues around the process of a traditional performance art group in a village in highland Central Java adapting to film production. Wayang orang—or loosely translated human puppet—is a traditional opera-like performance rooted in Central and East Java, Indonesia. As part of a traditional society living in a rural area, members of the group discuss their productions mostly without written documents. Storylines were experienced through performing and watching different shows. Technical skills were built through lifelong intimate practices. The project explores a general explorative question: how does a traditional oral and …


Republishing Folktales: Their Audiences, Readers, And Influences In Modern Indonesian Literature, Sudarmoko Sudarmoko Dec 2024

Republishing Folktales: Their Audiences, Readers, And Influences In Modern Indonesian Literature, Sudarmoko Sudarmoko

Kritika Kultura

This paper presents an exploration of the republishing of traditional stories or folktales, most of which are traditionally oral, into printed form. This republishing activity has resulted in some changes in the stories, including the narrative’s structure as well as writers’ interpretation of the stories. As such, this paper also explains other domains that are also potentially affected by this activity. The narrative of the stories, the profile of the audience and reader, and the use of different media, particularly in the area of contemporary publishing and writing, development in Indonesia, comprise these domains. Furthermore, this paper investigates the republication …


Postcolonial Studies And Pantayong Pananaw In Philippine Historiography, Rommel A. Curaming Dec 2024

Postcolonial Studies And Pantayong Pananaw In Philippine Historiography, Rommel A. Curaming

Kritika Kultura

This paper offers a platform for a mutually critical imaginary dialogue between two different anti-Eurocentric analytic approaches, Postcolonialism (PC) and Pantayong Pananaw (From-Us, For-Us Perspective, PP). The dialogue foregrounds key areas of engagement between these approaches and allows in the process to revisit a number of vexing issues that interrogate them as well as the nature of an engaged, pro-marginalized scholarship. It suggests that while each approach can profitability learn from the other, it seems that a truly progressive aspiration may be better served by going beyond the current orientations or foci of the two approaches.


Restoring The Lost Hiniktan, Denver Ejem Torres Dec 2024

Restoring The Lost Hiniktan, Denver Ejem Torres

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.