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2024

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The Forming Of Ethical Evaluation Of Shuihu Zhuan In The Context Of Guanxi Culture, Ruihui Han Dec 2024

The Forming Of Ethical Evaluation Of Shuihu Zhuan In The Context Of Guanxi Culture, Ruihui Han

Kritika Kultura

Shuihu Zhuan, a work of fiction with a perverse narrative of atrocities, has been criticized as a novel with serious ethical demerits. Yet, this novel remains widely appreciated within Chinese society, with many holding its morals in high esteem. This presents an apparent paradox when juxtaposed against the ethical criticisms directed at the novel. Understanding the forming of the ethical evaluation is pivotal, especially given the significant role of ethical references in literary commentary—a backdrop further intensified by traditional Chinese literary theory, which is deeply influenced by Confucian moral teachings. Since interpretations of Shuihu Zhuan should consider its context, this …


Transhistorical Connectivities Around The Indian Ocean: Western Colonialism And Climate Change In Amtav Ghosh's The Nutmeg's Curse, Maria-Sabina Draga Alexandru Dec 2024

Transhistorical Connectivities Around The Indian Ocean: Western Colonialism And Climate Change In Amtav Ghosh's The Nutmeg's Curse, Maria-Sabina Draga Alexandru

Kritika Kultura

This article argues that Amitav Ghosh’s non-fiction book The Nutmeg’s Curse illustrates the ways in which the proto-global entanglement of chaotic colonial forces, which proliferates across space and time, has played an important part in the current climate change. Ghosh imagines the Indian Ocean as a melting pot of rhizomatic energies of imperial aggression and local resistance, but also of new emerging life, with the agency of nature playing a very important part in the latter. I aim to show this in a combined Deleuzian, postcolonial, and ecocritical reading, with elements of chaos theory meant to provide possible interpretations to …


Gurnah's Men: Rethinking Muslim Masculinities In The Indian Ocean World, Felicity Hand Dec 2024

Gurnah's Men: Rethinking Muslim Masculinities In The Indian Ocean World, Felicity Hand

Kritika Kultura

This article explores how Abdulrazak Gurnah illustrates the varieties of Muslim masculinity in the Indian Ocean world through an analysis of two of his youthful characters, Hassan Omar, from his debut novel Memory of Departure and Salim Yahya, from his more recent Gravel Heart. Both young men find themselves pitted against a more traditional male role which stifles them while, at the same time, encourages them to envisage a more fluid understanding of what it means to be a man in a predominantly Muslim society like Zanzibar. The fissures in the relationship that Hassan and Salim have with their fathers …


Ethnography, Born-Translated Literature, And Translation: The Case Of Syaman Rapongan, Richard Rong-Bin Che Dec 2024

Ethnography, Born-Translated Literature, And Translation: The Case Of Syaman Rapongan, Richard Rong-Bin Che

Kritika Kultura

Located in East Asia, Taiwan is an island off the southeast part of Mainland China. After martial law was lifted in 1987, one of the ways by which the long-suppressed Taiwanese Indigenous communities can make themselves be seen has been writing in Chinese, but in a style that intentionally mixes Chinese with their ethnic mother tongues. Accordingly, this mixed literary style brings about great challenges for the English translators of Taiwan Indigenous literature. This paper deals with the English translation problems of Syaman Rapongan’s works against the background of an ongoing dispute over “domestication” and “foreignization” in translation studies, focusing …


Islands In The Stream: A Spatial Perspective On Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Reverse Flow, Faruk Faruk Dec 2024

Islands In The Stream: A Spatial Perspective On Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Reverse Flow, Faruk Faruk

Kritika Kultura

This study examines the role of Indonesian literary works with regard to the imagination as well as constructions of islands and seas, and in relation to the changing perception and attitudes of the Indonesian government respecting these twinned terms. The aforementioned is strikingly obvious in the case of the 2019 Natuna incident in which the Indonesian government verged on jurisdictional conflict with China over its Exclusive Economic Zone off Natuna island. The literary work chosen for discussion is Arus Balik [Reverse Flow] by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. I examine this novel's imagination and construction of islands and seas with reference to …


The More People Come, The Harder Lives Become: Migration To The Villages Around The Lng Tangguh Project, Papua, Setiadi Setiadi, Sumini Sumini Dec 2024

The More People Come, The Harder Lives Become: Migration To The Villages Around The Lng Tangguh Project, Papua, Setiadi Setiadi, Sumini Sumini

Kritika Kultura

This study presents an overview of the dynamics of the life of indigenous people in Papua, with the rapid changes and new social, economic, and cultural arrangements brought about by in- migration and industrialization. From the perspective of critical island studies, we analyze, in detail, the process of marginalization of the indigenous population due to industrialization and massive migrant incursions into island life. The struggle of indigenous people is seen as an impact of multifaceted processes of development and power, involving diverse social actors, from locals to development agents. Emphasis is placed on the struggles resulting from the encounters of …


The Turn To The Archipelagic-Oceanic In Recent Critical Island Studies In Southeast Asia, Oscar V. Campomanes Dec 2024

The Turn To The Archipelagic-Oceanic In Recent Critical Island Studies In Southeast Asia, Oscar V. Campomanes

Kritika Kultura

This introductory essay briefly maps Critical Island Studies as it is so dubbed in Southeast (nesology/nissology, elsewhere) to be able to mark how the six contributions to this Forum Kritika reflect some of the most characteristic aspects and the latest conceptual turns of critical writing and scholarship in the field. A turn to the archipelagic-oceanic as the object of theorizing and critical study is observed to be the recent trend, itself reflected in the various essays here, with their choices of topics and texts in Indonesian, Taiwanese, Korean, and Filipino conjunctures and contexts.


Masculinities In Literary Works On Indonesia's Post-Conflict Ambon Island, Wening Udasmoro, Arifah Rahmawati Dec 2024

Masculinities In Literary Works On Indonesia's Post-Conflict Ambon Island, Wening Udasmoro, Arifah Rahmawati

Kritika Kultura

Various studies have examined masculinities within a sociological context, emphasizing linkage to violence, power, and militarization. In this sense, researchers have frequently positioned masculinities as the reproductions of male dominance and their perpetuations of conflicts and violence. No study has examined the roles that masculinities and their embedded values have played in building and maintaining peace. This article seeks to fill in the gap by examining how young people on Ambon Island helped create peace by expressing their fluid masculinities through literary works. This article focuses on poems by two Ambonese men—one a prominent peacebuilder and another a former combatant …


Beyond Dance Movement Notation: Field Reflections As Key In Mapping The Ebola Virus Disease Transmission In The Funeral Ceremonies Of Sierra Leone, Daniel Ceeline Ramonal Dec 2024

Beyond Dance Movement Notation: Field Reflections As Key In Mapping The Ebola Virus Disease Transmission In The Funeral Ceremonies Of Sierra Leone, Daniel Ceeline Ramonal

Kritika Kultura

This paper focuses on the critical role that field reflections played in establishing the overlapping engagement of dance movement notation and the sociocultural relevance of embodied techniques in funeral ceremonies to the chain of transmission of the Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone. Expanding from the research paper entitled “Ebola and Moving People: Understanding the Role of Embodied Techniques in Funeral Ceremonies to the Chain of Transmission of the Ebola Virus in Sierra Leone Through Movement Analysis,” this paper narrates personal field experiences and realizations on the dynamics happening in the social field that clarified how funeral ceremonies were equally …


The Girls That Get It, Get It: On Critical Dance Memes, Jared Jonathan Luna Dec 2024

The Girls That Get It, Get It: On Critical Dance Memes, Jared Jonathan Luna

Kritika Kultura

A gap within the current artistic ecology in the Philippines is the lack of platforms that engage with critical discourses in dance. Run Thru Magazine, which used to publish articles on dance criticism was discontinued a few years ago. While the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Encylopedia of Philippine Art has a wide range of writings on dance in the Philippines, its essays fail to confront current discourses in dance practice and dance making. The COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the arts has brought in waves of reflections and realizations towards the present and future of ‘production and …


"Magsama-Sama Tayong Panoorin": A Creative, Collaborative, And Ongoing Ethnography With Sama Banguingui Women Dancing In The City Of Manila, Regina Salvaña Bautista Dec 2024

"Magsama-Sama Tayong Panoorin": A Creative, Collaborative, And Ongoing Ethnography With Sama Banguingui Women Dancing In The City Of Manila, Regina Salvaña Bautista

Kritika Kultura

For the Sama-Bajau and Sama Banguingui women living in Manila, the traditional dance pansak (or igal) is a vital dimension of life. This paper focuses on Radzmina Tanjili, a Sama- Banguingui from Zamboanga, well-known in her barangay1 for her dancing. Her life as a dancer is filled with performance opportunities and cultural exchanges for her and the group of Sama- Bajau women and children who belong to the same NGO she volunteers for. She and the group perform for government, non-government organizations, and academic institutions. Apart from this, she also continues to dance pansak in its traditional improvised form at …


Dance After Lockdown: Living With Paradox, Simon Ellis, Rowan Mclelland, Rosemary Kostic Cisneros Dec 2024

Dance After Lockdown: Living With Paradox, Simon Ellis, Rowan Mclelland, Rosemary Kostic Cisneros

Kritika Kultura

This writing explores the experiences of people in the UK’s contemporary dance sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.1 It draws on qualitative data from a small research project—Dance after Lockdown—to examine how that sector understands their work, and how the language and ideology of the creative industries have shaped the lives and experiences of contemporary dance artists and institutions in the UK. The paper offers a range of diverse voices as one of the goals of the research was to examine the breadth of experiences, which we hope makes a case for the need to have a dance sector that is …


Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Reclaiming The Indigenous Body: Discourse, Social Media, And The Aesthetic Of Igorot Activism, Jose Kervin Cesar B. Calabias Dec 2024

Reclaiming The Indigenous Body: Discourse, Social Media, And The Aesthetic Of Igorot Activism, Jose Kervin Cesar B. Calabias

Kritika Kultura

This essay analyzes online activist media addressing the red-tagging and trumped-up criminal charges against members of the Cordillera Peoples Alliance in the wake of the Anti-Terror Law in 2020. Engaging with critical scholarship on the archiving, colonial discourse, and representation of the Igorot body, I argue that these online activist media published on the organization’s official Facebook account deploy strategic essentialism by subverting the colonially othered and criminalized marker of the savage-terrorist. The Igorot body is rendered as a quasi-heroic figure of the Igorot warrior who invokes and appropriates traditional bodily customs on warfare and gender relations to embody a …


Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao Dec 2024

Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao

Kritika Kultura

The continued appeal of postcolonial theory for Philippine studies/Filipino studies scholars in the twenty-first century begs the following questions: Is the Philippines postcolonial? Does the “post” in postcolonial signify the end of colonialism? What’s at stake in the application of postcolonial theory to the Filipino experience? This paper highlights three Filipino Marxist scholars—Delia D. Aguilar, Edel E. Garcellano, and E. San Juan, Jr.—for their theoretical interventions toward developing an alternative to postcoloniality, which is a strand of a larger body of post-theories in the academy (post-ality). Their alternative constitutes the emergence of a critique-al approach in Filipino studies—an approach that …


Forum Kritika In Honor Of Edel E. Garcellano, Mary Grace R. Concepcion, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Forum Kritika In Honor Of Edel E. Garcellano, Mary Grace R. Concepcion, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

Edel E. Garcellano, in First Person, Plural (1987), uses the generic terms “essay” and “reportage” to refer to a particular mode and method of critical writing and thinking which is usually reserved for the term Critique. In his book, Critique underpins the breadth and depth of his socially committed critical reading strategies: ideological deconstruction, textual subversion, thematic reflection, filmic incursion, and praxiological knowledge toward purposive intervention. An award-winning writer, critic, and activist, Garcellano, who died in April 2020, taught at the University of the Philippines and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. He had been a major influence among his …


The Descendente Elite Of Goa: The Role Of Literature In The Construction And Dismantling Of Stereotypes, Luís Pedroso De Lima Cabral De Oliviera Dec 2024

The Descendente Elite Of Goa: The Role Of Literature In The Construction And Dismantling Of Stereotypes, Luís Pedroso De Lima Cabral De Oliviera

Kritika Kultura

Was Vimala Devi yet another author since at least the seventeenth century to have followed in the footsteps of Portuguese writers—Bocage, Tomás Ribeiro, the Kopkes, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Vitorino Nemésio and Manuel de Seabra—in painting a stereotyped and rather grotesque image of the descendente (roughly, Creole) elite of Goa in her short story “The Subsidy”? If so, in what way did she take on, rework, or contribute to this cliché? This question is the common thread running through the present article, which gives an overview of the stereotyped image of the descendentes as it emerges in the …


Agriculture In Curtorim: Through The Lens Of Caste, Favita Rochelle Dias Dec 2024

Agriculture In Curtorim: Through The Lens Of Caste, Favita Rochelle Dias

Kritika Kultura

In this article, I examine a collection of short stories, drama and, a form of digital media — three different modes of knowledge production and distribution—to look at the ways in which agrarian relationships and the role of caste in structuring the agrarian relationships have been portrayed in these three media. The article critically analyzes how agriculture in the village of Curtorim is portrayed in Saxtticho Koddo –Granary of Salcete, a documentary on agriculture in Curtorim by Vince Costa, and tries to bring in the missing voices by using the text Monção by Vimala Devi and Tiatrs (Konkani Dramas) Kunnbi …


Tiatr: Shaming, Humiliation, And The Dignity Project, Jason Keith Fernandes Dec 2024

Tiatr: Shaming, Humiliation, And The Dignity Project, Jason Keith Fernandes

Kritika Kultura

Despite the popular acclaim and the sparse but enthusiastic academic attention that it has received, tiatr, the Konkani language theatrical tradition from Goa’s Old Conquests region, has battled a profound deprecation. It has consistently been dismissed as unsophisticated and “lacking in standard” and has regularly submitted to rigorous efforts to upgrade its standard. This essay locates this dismissal as the result of the shaming of working class and lower caste Catholics by those promoting British-Indian nationalist sensibilities, and examines the claim of humiliation by the tiatrist and activists promoting the rights of the largely Catholic communities using the Roman script …


Vimala Devi's Bhatcars And The Mundcars: Laborers, Landlords, And Culture In Goa, Dale Luis Menezes Dec 2024

Vimala Devi's Bhatcars And The Mundcars: Laborers, Landlords, And Culture In Goa, Dale Luis Menezes

Kritika Kultura

The master-servant, or broadly bhatcar-mundcar, relations are fundamental to Goan culture, history, and society. While the interaction of these two broad socio-economic groups, those who labor and those who do not, was and is fundamental to Goan politics, scholars have not yet evolved a methodological framework for understanding these relations. This absence, the paper claims, is a particularly serious problem for Goa studies, and one that can be tackled by thinking closely about categories such as bhatcar and mundcar. The terms bhatcar and mundcar are defined capaciously, making room for a range of servitudes and labor regimes as well as …


Following The Golden Thread: Goa Before India, Paul Melo E Castro, Jason Keith Fernandes Dec 2024

Following The Golden Thread: Goa Before India, Paul Melo E Castro, Jason Keith Fernandes

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


A Comparative Cultural Study Of The "Body" In Chinese And Western Scholarship, Wei Guo, Peina Zhuang Dec 2024

A Comparative Cultural Study Of The "Body" In Chinese And Western Scholarship, Wei Guo, Peina Zhuang

Kritika Kultura

The body has become a research hotspot, attracting the attention of scholars in the fields of anthropology, literature, philosophy, sociology, and aesthetics. During this process, traditional Chinese and Western views on the body changed in varying degrees, and new corporeal theories came to the forefront. This article, based on the analytical overview of the comparative cultural studies of the body in Chinese scholarship, points out that problems are still abound and there is much room left for body studies in the future, as testified by the deficiencies in the status quo, such as the repeated usage of keywords in research, …


The Philippines In Contemporary Mexican Poetry: Presence And Omission, Ignacio Ballester Pardo Dec 2024

The Philippines In Contemporary Mexican Poetry: Presence And Omission, Ignacio Ballester Pardo

Kritika Kultura

In 1606, Antonio de Morga published Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, appearing to establish a point of contact, which endures in the still-overlooked but undeniably extant relationship of the Philippines with contemporary Mexican Spanish-language poetry. Although minimal, certain Philippine ties have been observed in recent decades in Mexico, the country with the greatest number of Spanish speakers in the world. Unlike Cuba or Puerto Rico, the Philippines has been forgotten by Hispanic culture in a tradition that continues in the twenty-first century. Despite this uprooting from, which might be observed in a first a preliminary study that other researchers may …


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng

Kritika Kultura

From the perspective of the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism and specific key concepts such as brain text and electronic text, this paper attempts to examine the conflicts between the mechanical and the human in Ian McEwan’s novel Machines Like Me (2019) in order to explore issues such as natural selection, ethical selection, ethical consciousness, and artificial intelligence. Taking these thematic concerns as reference points, this paper argues that a human being is a product of natural selection and ethical selection, while a machine is a product of scientific selection. In the novel, the conflicts between the three main …


Adelina Gurrea And The Construction Of Spanish Literature During Franco's Dictatorship, Beatriz Álvarez-Tardío Dec 2024

Adelina Gurrea And The Construction Of Spanish Literature During Franco's Dictatorship, Beatriz Álvarez-Tardío

Kritika Kultura

This article focuses on the literary reception of Adelina Gurrea in Spain. The backdrop is the Spanish critical discourse on literature between 1943 and 1954. Gurrea’s book Cuentos de Juana was published in Spain at the end of 1943. The following year, Carmen Laforet won the Nadal prize with her celebrated novel Nada. In 1951, Gurrea’s book won the international prize awarded by the Union Latine in Paris. In 1954, Isabel Calvo included both writers in her Antología biográfica de escritoras españolas (Anthology and Biography of Spanish Women Writers). Spanish literary critics praised Gurrea’s work as a product of Spain, …


"Esa Segunda Nación": The Colonial Logic Of Galdós's Doña Perfecta, Aaron Castroverde Dec 2024

"Esa Segunda Nación": The Colonial Logic Of Galdós's Doña Perfecta, Aaron Castroverde

Kritika Kultura

This article will analyze the role of colonialism in Benito Pérez Galdós’ novel Doña Perfecta by putting it into dialogue with the work of José Rizal. By examining the two writers side by side, we will see how the logic of colonialism manifested itself in the formal aspects of their work. Galdós will show us how the internal contradictions of metropolitan Spain during the Carlist Wars obeyed the same logic as the governing of the remaining overseas empire. Meanwhile, Rizal’s first novel, Noli me tángere, reveals how those same contradictions were equally complicit in the colonial project. Colonialism, while not …


The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz Dec 2024

The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz

Kritika Kultura

This article sets out to explore two of the most prominent recurring figures in Spanish literary production about the Philippines at the end of the nineteenth century: the so-called bago, a Spaniard who is “new” to the islands, meaning that they just arrived in the Philippines, and the bago’s counterpart, the matandá, a Spaniard who has spent a considerable amount of time in the colony. The bipartite trope is studied in nine texts by Spanish authors, written between 1876 and 1894. By composing scenes of encounter between these two figures, the authors seek to illuminate an idea of ambivalence present …


A Journey Through Spanish Literature On The Philippines: From The Late Nineteenth Century To The Twenty-First Century, Rocío Ortuño Casanova Dec 2024

A Journey Through Spanish Literature On The Philippines: From The Late Nineteenth Century To The Twenty-First Century, Rocío Ortuño Casanova

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Playwright As Guerilla Warlord: Robert Serumaga's Art, Activism, Revolt, And A Performance Of Uganda's Political Deficits, Niyi Akingbe Dec 2024

Playwright As Guerilla Warlord: Robert Serumaga's Art, Activism, Revolt, And A Performance Of Uganda's Political Deficits, Niyi Akingbe

Kritika Kultura

This paper outlines the maturation of Robert Serumaga’s art, politics, and activism as he confronted the dilemma of totalitarianism unleashed by Idi Amin’s dictatorship on postcolonial Uganda. The paper establishes a direct link between literature, resistance, and performance of Uganda’s political failure within the context of the playwright’s individualistic disposition to art as his complicated inclination to revolt. Most obviously, the association between art and politics in Serumaga’s lifestyle is embedded in his undeniable prosecution of rebellion through guerilla warfare against Amin in 1979. The striking tenets of reactance and resistance theories are appropriated to contextualize the struggle, resistance, and …