Digital Commons Network^™

Poshuouinge — City At The Center, All Roads Lead To Poshu, Alice Ruth Gomez

Architecture and Planning ETDs

Poshuouinge was situated in the center of not only the space of the Lower Río Chama Valley, but in the center of the time the Valley was inhabited by Tewa ancestors between the 12th and 16th centuries. Its architecture ends the Coalition Period (AD 1200-1325) and begins the the Classic (AD 1325-1600), a time of population growth and prosperity, trade expansion and diversity, all due to major agricultural innovations unique to the Valley. The new style architecture lent itself to fewer restrictions for neighbors and visitors, and was replicated in some fashion in the Valley’s other nine largest communities. Poshuouinge’s …

Preservice Teachers As Learners, Designers And Implementers Of Computational Thinking (Ldi-Ct), Line Saint-Hilaire, Daisuke Akiba

Publications and Research

Computational thinking (CT) has gained significant recognition in education in recent years. When considering young children learning CT concepts, it's essential to also assess teachers’ understanding of computational thinking. Therefore, educators in teacher preparation programs must equip candidates with these skills to meet the growing demand for developing students’ digital literacy. This project aimed to understand how to strategically incorporate CT instruction into a teacher education program in the Elementary and Early Childhood Education Department. It focuses on assessing preservice teachers' (PSTs) understanding of computational thinking and their ability to design CT-integrated science lesson plans based on their experiences with …

Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Alterations In Plasma Microrna Profiles In Children, Yijie Li, Brittney O Baumert, Nikos Stratakis, Jesse A Goodrich, Haotian Wu, Shelley H Liu, Hongxu Wang, Emily Beglarian, Scott M Bartell, Sandrah Proctor Eckel, Douglas Walker, Damaskini Valvi, Michele Andrea La Merrill, Thomas H Inge, Todd Jenkins, Justin R Ryder, Stephanie Sisley, Rohit Kohli, Stavra A Xanthakos, Marina Vafeiadi, Aikaterini Margetaki, Theano Roumeliotaki, Max Aung, Rob Mcconnell, Andrea Baccarelli, David Conti, Lida Chatzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that persist in the environment and can accumulate in humans, leading to adverse health effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers that can advance the understanding of the mechanisms of PFAS effects on human health. However, little is known about the associations between PFAS exposures and miRNA alterations in humans.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between PFAS concentrations and miRNA levels in children.

METHODS: Data from two distinct cohorts were utilized: 176 participants (average age 17.1 years; 75.6% female) from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) cohort in the United States, and …

Sall4 And Gata4 Induce Cardiac Fibroblast Transition Towards A Partially Multipotent State With Cardiogenic Potential, Hong Gao, Saliha Pathan, Beverly R E A Dixon, Aarthi Pugazenthi, Megumi Mathison, Tamer M A Mohamed, Todd K Rosengart, Jianchang Yang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cardiac cellular fate transition holds remarkable promise for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. We report that overexpressing two transcription factors, Sall4 and Gata4, which play distinct and overlapping roles in both pluripotent stem cell reprogramming and embryonic heart development, induces a fraction of stem-like cells in rodent cardiac fibroblasts that exhibit unlimited ex vivo expandability with clonogenicity. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses reveal that around 32 ± 6.4% of the expanding cells express Nkx2.5, while 13 ± 3.6% express Oct4. Activated signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt, Hippo, Wnt, and multiple epigenetic modification enzymes are also detected. Under suitable conditions, these cells …

Magnetoelectrics For Implantable Bioelectronics: Progress To Date, Fatima Alrashdan, Kaiyuan Yang, Jacob T Robinson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The coupling of magnetic and electric properties manifested in magnetoelectric (ME) materials has unlocked numerous possibilities for advancing technologies like energy harvesting, memory devices, and medical technologies. Due to this unique coupling, the magnetic properties of these materials can be tuned by an electric field; conversely, their electric polarization can be manipulated through a magnetic field. Over the past seven years, our lab work has focused on leveraging these materials to engineer implantable bioelectronics for various neuromodulation applications. One of the main challenges for bioelectronics is to design miniaturized solutions that can be delivered with minimally invasive procedures and yet …

Reproduction Has Immediate Effects On Female Mortality, But No Discernible Lasting Physiological Impacts: A Test Of The Disposable Soma Theory, Sharon E Mitchell, Megan Simpson, Lena Coulet, Solenn Gouedard, Catherine Hambly, Juliano Morimoto, David B Allison, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The disposable soma theory (DST) posits that organisms age and die because of a direct trade-off in resource allocation between reproduction and somatic maintenance. DST predicts that investments in reproduction accentuate somatic damage which increase senescence and shortens lifespan. Here, we directly tested DST predictions in breeding and nonbreeding female C57BL/6J mice. We measured reproductive outputs, body composition, daily energy expenditure, and oxidative stress at peak lactation and over lifetime. We found that reproduction had an immediate and negative effect on survival due to problems encountered during parturition for some females. However, there was no statistically significant residual effect on …

“It Is What It Is” – The Lived Experience Of Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Axillary Lymph Node Dissection, Eva Vikhe Patil, Anna Forsberg, Carina Wennerholm, Jenny Drott

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: The lived experience of women undergoing axillary procedures as part of their breast cancer (BC) treatment remains unexplored. This lack of in-depth understanding could hamper implementation of person-centred care, which is concerning because BC is the most common form of cancer in women. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the lived experiences of women undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) due to BC.

Methods: Twelve women with a mean age of 59 years were interviewed about their lived experiences of axillary procedures as part of their BC treatment. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed …

Assessing The Climate Readiness Of Physician Education Leaders In Graduate Medical Education, Deborah Simpson, Anne Getzin, Aaron A. Levy, Victoria Gillet

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Climate change affects patient health through an array of exposures, including increasing heatwaves, extreme weather events, poor air quality, and expanding vector-borne illnesses. Physicians are at the forefront of addressing the health consequences of these exposures with patients, and environmental sustainability has become a priority for health care organizations. Accordingly, climate change and health is becoming a critical area for graduate medical education (GME). As GME leaders design and drive education in residency and fellowship programs, understanding those leaders’ baseline knowledge on this topic and its alignment with their organizations’ priorities is an essential step in the development of climate …

United States Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Scientific Integrity Policy

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

US CDC SIP

Cdk12 Loss Drives Prostate Cancer Progression, Transcription-Replication Conflicts, And Synthetic Lethality With Paralog Cdk13, Jean Ching-Yi Tien, Jie Luo, Yu Chang, Yuping Zhang, Yunhui Cheng, Xiaoju Wang, Jianzhang Yang, Rahul Mannan, Somnath Mahapatra, Palak Shah, Xiao-Ming Wang, Abigail J Todd, Sanjana Eyunni, Caleb Cheng, Ryan J Rebernick, Lanbo Xiao, Yi Bao, James Neiswender, Rachel Brough, Stephen J Pettitt, Xuhong Cao, Stephanie J Miner, Licheng Zhou, Yi-Mi Wu, Estefania Labanca, Yuzhuo Wang, Abhijit Parolia, Marcin Cieslik, Dan R Robinson, Zhen Wang, Felix Y Feng, Jonathan Chou, Christopher J Lord, Ke Ding, Arul M Chinnaiyan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Biallelic loss of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) defines a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) subtype. It remains unclear, however, whether CDK12 loss drives prostate cancer (PCa) development or uncovers pharmacologic vulnerabilities. Here, we show Cdk12 ablation in murine prostate epithelium is sufficient to induce preneoplastic lesions with lymphocytic infiltration. In allograft-based CRISPR screening, Cdk12 loss associates positively with Trp53 inactivation but negatively with Pten inactivation. Moreover, concurrent Cdk12/Trp53 ablation promotes proliferation of prostate-derived organoids, while Cdk12 knockout in Pten-null mice abrogates prostate tumor growth. In syngeneic systems, Cdk12/Trp53-null allografts exhibit luminal morphology and immune checkpoint blockade sensitivity. Mechanistically, Cdk12 inactivation …

Yap1 Status Defines Two Intrinsic Subtypes Of Lcnec With Distinct Molecular Features And Therapeutic Vulnerabilities, C Allison Stewart, Lixia Diao, Yuanxin Xi, Runsheng Wang, Kavya Ramkumar, Alejandra G Serrano, Azusa Tanimoto, B Leticia Rodriguez, Benjamin B Morris, Li Shen, Bingnan Zhang, Yan Yang, Samera H Hamad, Robert J Cardnell, Alberto Duarte, Moushumi Sahu, Veronica Y Novegil, Bernard E Weissman, Michael Frumovitz, Neda Kalhor, Luisa Solis Soto, Pedro Da Rocha, Natalie Vokes, Don L Gibbons, Jing Wang, John V Heymach, Bonnie Glisson, Lauren Averett Byers, Carl M Gay

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine malignancy that, like small cell lung cancer (SCLC), is associated with the absence of druggable oncogenic drivers and dismal prognosis. In contrast to SCLC, however, there is little evidence to guide optimal treatment strategies, which are often adapted from SCLC and non-small cell lung cancer approaches.

Experimental design: To better define the biology of LCNEC, we analyzed cell line and patient genomic data and performed IHC and single-cell RNA sequencing of core needle biopsies from patients with LCNEC and preclinical models.

Results: In this study, we demonstrate that the presence …

Biochemical And Structural Insights Into A 5′ To 3′ Rna Ligase Reveal A Potential Role In Trna Ligation, Yingjie Hu, Victor A Lopez, Hengyi Xu, James P Pfister, Bing Song, Kelly A Servage, Masahiro Sakurai, Benjamin T Jones, Joshua T Mendell, Tao Wang, Jun Wu, Alan M Lambowitz, Diana R Tomchick, Krzysztof Pawłowski, Vincent S Tagliabracci

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

ATP-grasp superfamily enzymes contain a hand-like ATP-binding fold and catalyze a variety of reactions using a similar catalytic mechanism. More than 30 protein families are categorized in this superfamily, and they are involved in a plethora of cellular processes and human diseases. Here, we identify C12orf29 (RLIG1) as an atypical ATP-grasp enzyme that ligates RNA. Human RLIG1 and its homologs autoadenylate on an active site Lys residue as part of a reaction intermediate that specifically ligates RNA halves containing a 5’-phosphate and a 3’-hydroxyl. RLIG1 binds tRNA in cells and can ligate tRNA within the anticodon loop in vitro. Transcriptomic …

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation For Improving Balance In Healthy Older Adults And Older Adults With Stroke: A Scoping Review, Shih-Chiao Tseng, Sharon Dunnivan-Mitchell, Dana Cherry, Shuo-Hsiu Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/Objectives: Age-related decline in balance and postural control is common in healthy elders and is escalated in aging adults with stroke. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as one of the promising brain stimulations adjoining therapeutic exercise to enhance the recovery of balance and motor functions in persons with and without neurological disorders. This review aims to summarize and compare the available evidence of the tDCS on improving balance in the older adults without neurological disorders and the older adults with stroke.

Methods: The Ovid (Medline) database was searched from its inception through to 06/15/2024 for randomized …

Immuno-Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Islet Primary Cilia, Sanja Sviben, Alexander J Polino, Isabella L Melena, Jing W Hughes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The definitive demonstration of protein localization on primary cilia has been a challenge for cilia biologists. Primary cilia are solitary thread-like projections that have a specialized protein composition, but as the ciliary structure overlays the cell membrane and other cell parts, the identity of ciliary proteins are difficult to ascertain by conventional imaging approaches like immunofluorescence microscopy. Surface scanning electron microscopy combined with immunolabeling (immuno-SEM) bypasses some of these indeterminacies by unambiguously showing protein expression in the context of the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the cilium. Here, we apply immuno-SEM to specifically identify proteins on the primary cilia of mouse and …

Adipocyte Lipin 1 Expression Associates With Human Metabolic Health And Regulates Systemic Metabolism In Mice, Andrew Lapoint, Jason M. Singer, Daniel Ferguson, Trevor M. Shew, M. Katie Renkemeyer, Hector H. Palacios, Rachael L. Field, Gordon I. Smith, Mai He, Gary J Patti, Samuel Klein, Jonathan R. Brestoff, Brian N. Finck, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Dysfunctional adipose tissue is believed to promote the development of hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance, but many of the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Lipin 1 catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, the penultimate step of triglyceride synthesis, which is essential for lipid storage. Herein we found that adipose tissue LPIN1 expression is decreased in people with obesity compared with lean subjects, and low LPIN1 expression correlated with multi-tissue insulin resistance and increased rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Comprehensive metabolic and multiomic phenotyping demonstrated that adipocyte-specific Lpin1-/- mice had a metabolically unhealthy phenotype, including liver and …

The Wart, The Wizard, And The Cathedral: Applying C.S. Lewis's Intertextuality Theory To T.H. White And J.K. Rowling, G. Connor Salter

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

Applying C.S. Lewis' metaphor of authors being cathedral-builders to understand intertextual writing (combining influences with innovation) provides a fascinating lens to understand T.H. White's Arthurian work. Exploring how White's The Once and Future King influenced J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series (particularly her characters Vernon and Dudley Dursley) provides a particularly interesting example of how fantasy authors use intertextuality to create original works.

The Hag O’ The Hills: Terry Pratchett’S Tiffany Aching As Sovereignty Goddess, Eileen Donaldson

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

The Hag o’ the Hills: Terry Pratchett’s Tiffany Aching as Sovereignty Goddess

In her book Folklore of the Disc Jacqueline Simpson argues persuasively that “Whatever is folklore on Earth finds its mirror in the reality of the disc” (14). Following her, I propose that a study of recurring images, motifs and allusions in the Tiffany books suggests that Tiffany might be considered the Discworld’s reflection of Earth’s Celtic Sovereignty Goddess. For anyone who has read the Witches books, even a superficial consideration of this statement rings true, given that the Celtic Sovereignty Goddesses were bound to the land and were …

The Utility Of Indocyanine Green Angiography In Breast Reconstruction To Detect Mastectomy Skin Flap Necrosis And Free Flap Perfusion: An Umbrella Review, Nicholas Fadell, Flora Laurent, Sai Anusha Sanka, Esther Ochoa, Lauren Yaeger, Xiaowei Li, Matthew D Wood, Justin M Sacks, Saif Badran

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Two of the greatest challenges in breast reconstruction are mastectomy skin flap necrosis (MSFN) and autologous flap failure. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the usage of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in breast reconstruction, identifies knowledge gaps, and provides directions for future studies. An umbrella review was conducted to identify related syntheses in Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Clinical Trials databases. Data were extracted from systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) that discussed the use of ICGA in breast reconstruction. Sixteen syntheses were included (10 SRs …

Molecular Detection And Genomic Characterization Of Samak Micromys Paramyxovirus-1 And -2 In Micromys Minutus, Republic Of Korea, Augustine Natasha, Sarah E Pye, Carolina B López, Qq Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The discovery of viruses in small mammalian populations, particularly rodents, has expanded the family Paramyxoviridae. The overlap in habitats between rodents and humans increases the risk of zoonotic events, underscoring the importance of active surveillance. Rodent species, such as Apodemus agrarius, are natural hosts for Paramyxoviridae in the Republic of Korea (ROK). However, it is unknown whether Paramyxoviridae is present in Micromys minutus, another common rodent.

METHOD: Here, we screened M. minutus collected from the Gangwon Province in the ROK for paramyxoviruses using nested polymerase chain reaction and confirm positive samples by next-generation metagenomic sequencing. Complete paramyxovirus genomes were …

Molecular Detection And Genomic Characterization Of Samak Micromys Paramyxovirus-1 And -2 In Micromys Minutus, Republic Of Korea, Augustine Natasha, Sarah E Pye, Carolina B López, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The discovery of viruses in small mammalian populations, particularly rodents, has expanded the family Paramyxoviridae. The overlap in habitats between rodents and humans increases the risk of zoonotic events, underscoring the importance of active surveillance. Rodent species, such as Apodemus agrarius, are natural hosts for Paramyxoviridae in the Republic of Korea (ROK). However, it is unknown whether Paramyxoviridae is present in Micromys minutus, another common rodent.

METHOD: Here, we screened M. minutus collected from the Gangwon Province in the ROK for paramyxoviruses using nested polymerase chain reaction and confirm positive samples by next-generation metagenomic sequencing. Complete paramyxovirus genomes were …

Factors Affecting Plant Sulphur Requirements In New Zealand Pastoral And Arable Systems, M L. Nguyen, K M. Goh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper reviews major factors affecting sulphur (S) cycling in New Zealand pastoral and arable· systems and identifies areas of research required to improve the efficient use of S fertilisers and soil S reserves. In the grazed pastoral system, S removal in animal products constitutes a small fraction of total S output while S leaching losses and excreta! S transfer losses to stock camps are substantial. Although grazing animals may cause a considerable S loss from the system, they enhance the oxidation of elemental S. Accumulated soil organic S due to the return of animal excreta and long-term annual applications …

An Overview Of The New Zealand Experience In Establishing, Maintaining, And Utilizing White Clover Based Pastures, M B. O'Connor, A M. Bryant, R A. Prestidge

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Establishment of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) involves the provision of all major and minor elements necessary for clover growth and N fixation (particularly P, S, K, Mo). Nitrogen fertiliser is not necessary. Inoculation of seed with rhizobium is required where white clover has not been grown previously and in difficult environments. Pest control where necessary is enhanced by insecticidal and nematicidal seed coatings on the white clover seed, Barty management is critical and involves regulnr close grazing during the first 6 months. Maintenance of white clover pastures involves annual inputs of fertiliser (P, S, K) with lime at …

Recent Considerations Of Grassland "Soil Quality" In Temperate Regions, S P. Mcgrath, S C. Jarvis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The term "soil quality" is increasingly being used in Europe, albeit in an ill-defined way. Perceived quality depends critically on the use being made of the soil and the tolerance of other parts of the environment to substances moving from soils. This paper focuses on issues relevant to the maintenance of quality in temperate grassland soils. Soils are under threat from heavy metals, organic contaminants and radionuclides because they are sinks for many of these substances, thus lending to accumulation. The impact of these contaminants is assessed, along with the management options and relevant legislation to minimise their effects. Most …

Carcinogenicity Of Bracken Fern (Pteridium Spp.) In Relationship To Grazing Ruminants, B L. Smith, D R. Lauren, P P. Embling, M Agnew

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bracken fern (Pteridium spp.) is the only higher plant which has been shown to cause cancer naturally in animals. Bracken contains ptaquiloside (Pta) a known clastogen and mutagen which is believed to be the major carcinogen involved in the urinary bladder neoplasia. In New Zealand, bracken fern from an area where bovine enzootic haematuria occurs has been shown to have much higher concentrations of Pia than an area where the disease has not been identified. The difference was shown to be related to the bracken rather than the environment and was widespread for the plants in the two areas …

A Slow Release Intra-Ruminal Device For Protection Against Facial Eczema In Sheep, R Munday, E A. Fowke, A M. Thompson, C Wesselink, N R. Towers

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Facial eczema (FE) is a hepatogenous photosensitization disease of ruminants which causes severe losses in agricultural revenue in New Zealand. It is caused by sprophytic, a myotoxin produced by the saprophytic pastoral fungus Pilllomyces chartarum. Zinc (Zn) salts, given to animals before exposure to the toxin, protect against the harmful effects of sporidesmin. Large amounts of Zn are required and dosing must be continued, at regular intervals, throughout the period when animals are exposed to the fungus. While practicable for dairy cattle, these requirements preclude the routine use of Zn for FB prophylaxis in sheep. For these animals, a …

Effect Of Tiller Endophyte Infection Frequency And Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Of Tall Fescue On Steer Performance Over Nine Seasons Of Grazing, J A. Stuedemann, S R. Wilkinson, D P. Belesky, F N. Thompson, D L. Breedlove, D M. Hildreth, H Ciordia, A H. Parks, C S. Hoveland, J Huang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Acremonium coenopliialium-infected tall fescue (Festuca arrundinacea Schreb.) is associated with animal health problems including reduced ,veight gains. Twelve 0.7 ha paddocks were used to study Kentucky- 31 tall fescue at low (LE=25%) or high (HE::58%) tiller endophyte (E) infection frequencies and fertilised with either 134 (LN) or 336, kg nitrogen/ha/year (HN) in a 22 factorial arrangement of treatments. Yearling Angus steers grazed under put-and-take management from April or May through late July or early August in each of nine years. In all except one year, ADG was lower (P<0.0769 to P<0.0018) on HE than LE. In 4 of 9 years, HN lowered (P<0.0821 to P<0.0003) ADG compared to LN. In only 2 of 9 years was there an NxE interaction (P<0,0537), the interactions expressing opposite effects when comparing the 2 years. In all but 3 years there was a linear (P<0.0606 to P<0.0019) relationship between endophyte infection rate and ADG. In only 1 of 9 years were quadratic effects significant (P<0.0407). Endophyte infestation consistently lowered steer AOG in a linear fashion with N effects less distinct,

Integration Of High Formononetin Red Clover In Sheep Grazing Systems, G S. Baxter, D R. Stevens, A J. Harris

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture and animal production from pastures based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with either white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), or a dual clover base having 60% of the area in white clover and 40% in red clover, were compared over 3 years in self-contained I ha farmlets stocked with 20 ewes/ha, Annual pasture production was similar on all three farmlets, although autumn production of the red clover farmlet was significantly lower than the white or mixed clover systems. Legume production was greatest on the mixed and red clover farmlets in summer and the …

Drought Pearl Millet- An Unpalatable Enigma, D J. Minson, J B. Hacker, M Shimojo, P Stuart, J Slatter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

After planting in late 1989 there were many reports that Nutrifeed was unpalatable to cattle, sheep and horses. Seventy­five properties were visited where unpalatability was common, a questionnaire was distributed and samples of forage and soil were analysed. Forty-six properties reported unpalatability but on the other 29, pearl millet was palatable. Unpalatability developed only when forage grown on soil high in available nitrogen was subjected to a shortage of water. Unpalatable forage was dark green, contained more than 3S g N/kg DM and was often low in phosphorus, After rain or irrigation the new growth was usually palatable but stock …

Coping With Mycotoxins That Constrain Animal Production, N R. Towers, M R. Siegel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many fungi are parasites and saprophytes of growing and conserved forage crops. A number of these produce mycoloxins, the synthesis of which is controlled by the interaction of fungal and host genomes and the environment. Mycotoxins have diverse chemical structures and elicit a range of responses in ruminant animals. Some of the more important mycotoxin-producing fungi found in forages include Claviceps spp. (ergot alkaloids, paspalitrems) and Acremonium spp. (ergot alkaloids, lolitrcms) causing various forms of ergot toxicity and neurological (lremorgenic) disorders; Pithomyces clrartarum (sporidesmin) and other fungal species causing photosensitisation (e.g., facial eczema, geeldikkop); Phomopsis /eptoslromiformis (phomopsins) causing lupinosis; Rhizoctonia …

Recent Developments In Higher Plant Toxin Research Of Relevance To Animal Production, A A. Seawright, M P. Hegarty

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Advances have been achieved in the diagnosis of chronic intoxications caused by poisonous plants in which the pathological changes present In the affected animals are not definitive, by the chemical identification of toxin adducts in their tissues. This has been demonstrated for pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are of global significance as plant poisons and has resulted on occasion in more determined efforts in eliminating the plants responsible. Many plant toxins need to be metabolised for toxicity within the animal's tissues in order to result in disease, and the furanoterpenes found mainly in myoporaceous plants are e,rnmples, Dietary regimes that lend lo …