Digital Commons Network^™

Directional Speaker Poster, Eugene Ng, Bryan Wong, Ruhaan Das

Student Works

Changi Airport is set to expand with a new terminal, Terminal 5. Currently, many of the airport's processes are manual, requiring a high dependence on staff. This proposal aims to incorporate automation and AI for a smoother passenger experience.

Integrated Dynamic Airline Route And Schedule Optimization, Bayan Begaliyeva

Student Works

By harnessing real-time and historical data in conjunction with advanced AI technologies, this project revolutionizes route and schedule planning, leading to enhanced efficiency, cost reduction, and an improved passenger experience.

Electrolyte Synthesis And Engineering For Alkali Metal Batteries, Yiwen Zhang

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Batteries have been in increasing demand over the last decade for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage systems. While the electrode materials define the characteristic features of a battery system, the composition of the electrolyte is of critical importance and needs to be engineered for different battery systems to ensure superior electrochemical performance. In this thesis, the basic functionality and fundamental mechanism of the electrolytes in battery systems are first introduced. Then, three major electrolyte engineering strategies are demonstrated, including electrolyte composition formulation, electrolyte-electrode component modification, and function-oriented electrolyte design. Firstly, the low-temperature capacity restraint of lithium …

Anxiety And Uterine Artery Doppler Flow In A Population Of Pregnant Women Of High Risk Down Syndrome Fetus: A Prospective Cohort Study, Mahboobeh Shirazi, Mehnoosh Torkzaban, Margan Ghaemi, Maryam Moshfeghi, Mahmood Shirazi, Maryam Emadzadeh, Lida Ahmadi, Zahra Khazaeipoor, Sara Mirzaeian

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Background: Fetal exposure to maternal anxiety is associated with low birth weight and maternal stress may be led to constriction of uterine arteries. This study compared the relation of anxiety and uterine artery doppler flow indices in pregnant women with the high and low-risk of Down syndrome.

Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in the second trimester that were classified as having a high or low risk according to their prenatal aneuploidy screening outcome. The high risk group underwent amniocentesis. Anxiety was initially assessed using the Spielberger State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and uterine artery blood …

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Li-Rads: A Pictorial Review, Osama Mahmoud, Ajay Makkena, Corinne E. Wessner, Ji-Bin Liu, John Eisenbrey, Andrej Lyshchik

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

The American College of Radiology has implemented the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) to help detect, interpret, and guide the management of suspected lesions on surveillance imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. The classification of indeterminate nodules with a grading algorithm can be used for multiple imaging modalities (US, CT, and MRI) and incorporates multiple imaging features to appropriately classify observations with different likelihood of being HCC. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) LI-RADS has been fully implemented since 2017. The aim of this pictorial article is to provide a comprehensive review of CEUS LI-RADS utilization, discuss its …

Combating Fake News: A Gravity Well Simulation To Model Echo Chamber Formation In Social Media, Jeremy E. Thompson

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Fake news has become a serious concern as distributing misinformation has become easier and more impactful. A solution is critically required. One solution is to ban fake news, but that approach could create more problems than it solves, and would also be problematic from the beginning, as it must first be identified to be banned. We initially propose a method to automatically recognize suspected fake news, and to provide news consumers with more information as to its veracity. We suggest that fake news is comprised of two components: premises and misleading content. Fake news can be condensed down to a …

The Gender Of Gideon, Kathryn A. Sabbeth, Jessica Steinberg

Faculty Publications

This Article makes a simple claim that has been overlooked for decades and yet has enormous theoretical and practical significance: the constitutional guarantee of counsel adopted by the U.S. Supreme Court in Gideon v. Wainwright accrues largely to the benefit of men. In this Article, we present original data analysis demonstrating that millions of women face compulsory and highly punitive encounters with the justice system but do so largely in the civil courts, where no right to counsel attaches. The demographic picture that emerges is one in which the right to counsel skews heavily against women’s interests. As this Article …

Fake News And The Tax Law, Kathleen Delaney Thomas, Erin Scharff

Faculty Publications

The public misunderstands many aspects of the tax system. For example, people frequently misunderstand how marginal tax rates work, misperceive their own average tax rates, and believe they benefit from tax deductions for which they are ineligible. Such confusion is understandable given the complexity of our tax laws. Unfortunately, research suggests these misconceptions shape voter preferences about tax policy which, in turn, impact the policies themselves.

That people are easily confused by taxes is nothing new. With the rise of social media platforms, however, the speed at which misinformation campaigns can now move to shape public opinion is far faster. …

Ai, Taxation, And Valuation, Jay A. Soled, Kathleen Delaney Thomas

Faculty Publications

Virtually every tax system relies upon accurate asset valuations. In some cases, this is an easy identification exercise, and the exact fair market value of an asset is readily ascertainable. Often, however, the reverse is true, and ascertaining an asset’s fair market value yields, at best, a numerical range of possible outcomes. Taxpayers commonly capitalize upon this uncertainty in their reporting practices, such that tax compliance lags and the IRS has a difficult time fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. As a by-product of this dynamic, the Treasury suffers.

This Article explores how tax systems, utilizing artificial intelligence, can strategically address asset-valuation …

A License To Play: Regulating Location-Based Augmented Reality Gameplay On Public Property, Kate Johnson, Evan Ringel, Amanda Reid

Faculty Publications

This novel research sits at the intersection of augmented reality gameplay and government licenses for use of public property. Governments have long used licensing schema to assure public safety and order. Augmented reality gameplay on public lands presents a new, contested use of public property. Under our proposed licensing scheme, those wishing to engage in location-based augmented reality (LoBAR) gameplay on public lands would need a license. This proposal is akin to how governments—federal, state, and municipal—have authorized permit schema for use of public property, including rock climbing, geocaching, street performing, and film photography. Our Article offers sample legislation for …

What Ever Happened To The Africa In African Human Rights, Thomas Kelley

Faculty Publications

In the late 1970s, the Organization of African Unity (“OAU”) committed to drafting and adopting a human rights instrument that would uphold African values and traditions—those aspects of African culture that were unique and praiseworthy and, in the opinion of many African leaders, superior to those of Europe. The resulting document, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (“the African Charter” or “the Charter”), included numerous provisions intended to do just that. However, in the decades following the African Charter’s adoption, African lawyers, judges, and tribunals produced little jurisprudence applying and further defining those uniquely African values and traditions. …

The Prosecutor Lobby, Carissa Byrne Hessick, Ronald F. Wright, Jessica Pishko

Faculty Publications

Prosecutors shape the use of the criminal law at many points during criminal proceedings but there is an earlier point in the process where prosecutors have influence: during the legislative process. The conventional wisdom in legal scholarship is that prosecutors are powerful and successful lobbyists who routinely support laws that make the criminal law more punitive and oppose criminal justice reform. In this Article, we test that narrative with an empirical assessment of prosecutor lobbying in America. Using an original dataset of four years of legislative activity from all fifty states, we analyze how frequently prosecutors lobbied, the issues on …

Andy Warhol Foundation For The Visual Arts, Inc. V. Goldsmith, A Narrow Ruling Or A Transformational Decision? An Essay, Caroline L. Osborne, Stephen Wolfson

Faculty Publications

The 2023 United States Supreme Court decision in Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith is the first copyright decision in decades to visit the concept of fair use and transformative use. In a fiery majority decision with an even fiercer dissent, the court restricts the concept of fair use creating a lasting impact on derivative works, licensing, and appropriation art. Arguably restoring balance to factor one, purpose and character of the use, it questionably conflates the analysis of factor four, market effect, in favor of affirming factor one’s analysis as the justification premise as originally posed …

The Nightmare Of Dream Advertising, Dustin Marlan

Faculty Publications

Advertisers are attempting to market to us while we dream. This is not science fiction, but rather a troubling new reality. Using a technique dubbed “targeted dream incubation” (TDI), companies have begun inserting commercial messages into people’s dreams. Roughly, TDI works by: (1) creating an association during waking life using sensory cues (for example, a pairing of sounds, visuals, or scents); and (2) as the subject is drifting off to sleep, the association is again introduced with the goal of triggering related dreams with related subject matter. Based on a 2021 American Marketing Association survey, 77 percent of 400 companies …

Consideration Of The Beneficiary Inducement Statute On Access To Health Care Systems' Population Genetic Screening Programs, Aurora M. Washington, Kimberly Foss, Joan H. Krause, Arlene M. Davis, Kristine J. Kuczynski, Laura V. Milko, Jonathan S. Berg, Megan C. Roberts

Faculty Publications

This article examines how the federal Beneficiary Inducement Statute (BIS) and related anti-kickback laws shape access to population genetic screening (PGS) programs, particularly for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries, during a critical early-adoption phase in public health genomics. While PGS for Tier 1 conditions—such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Lynch syndrome, and familial hypercholesterolemia—offers significant opportunities for early detection and prevention, large-scale implementation remains limited by cost barriers, uneven insurance coverage, and statutory restrictions that can unintentionally hinder equitable participation. The authors explain how BIS constraints complicate efforts by health systems to offer low- or no‑cost genomic screening, survey legally …

Repugnant Precedents And The Court Of History, Daniel B. Rice

Faculty Publications

Aged Supreme Court precedents continue to tolerate many practices that would shock modern sensibilities. Yet the Court lacks standard tools for phasing out decisions that offend our national character. The very cultural shifts that have reoriented our normative universe have also insulated most repugnant precedents from direct attack. And the familiar stare decisis factors cannot genuinely explain what ails societally outmoded decisions. Even for justices inclined to condemn these embarrassments in less clinical terms, it is unclear what qualifies courts to make universalist claims about contemporary American values.

The Court recently sidestepped these difficulties by insisting that one of its …

Judicial Moral Prophecy, Daniel B. Rice

Faculty Publications

American judges decry past moral lapses as intolerable. They paint their predecessors’ worst mistakes as tragedies that must never be allowed to happen again. When given the chance to avoid new injustices, however, judges increasingly flaunt their moral indifference. They insist that legal fidelity requires them to ignore whether their own rulings will be remembered as monstrous. But this cavalier outlook—for all its devotion to the past—is remarkably ahistorical. Feats of legal craft have never survived cultural repudiation. When precedents become morally shameful, the quality of their reasoning ceases to matter. The opinions’ authors are remembered not for the technical …

Pore-Resolving Simulations Of Biomass Char Particle Combustion, Dongyu Liang, Simcha L. Singer

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Biomass char morphology affects combustion behavior at the particle scale for zone II conditions, in which both heterogeneous reaction and intra-particle diffusion govern the overall rate. Furthermore, particle-scale processes affect reactor-scale outputs, and reactor-scale simulations are sensitive to particle-scale models. However, most char particle combustion models employ coarse-grained, effective-continuum approaches, which treat all porosity at the subgrid-scale. Effective-continuum approaches are not valid or accurate in the presence of large, irregular pores which can approach the size of the particle. A 3-D, pore-resolving CFD simulation approach using real biomass char particle geometries obtained from X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is therefore used …

Understanding The Green Workforce, Gladys Torres Olivarria, Darbi Berry, Leaders 20/20, University Of San Diego

San Diego Regional Quality of Life Dashboard

One initiative to improve environmental conditions is prioritizing the Green Workforce. The Green workforce is an economic approach to combating climate change. The Green Workforce refers to jobs that help us advance towards a more sustainable society and help us transition from the over-dependence on oil towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A Green workforce can bring in millions of new jobs and opportunities.

A Synthesis Of The Science And Law Relating To Eyewitness Misidentifications And Recommendations For How Police And Courts Can Reduce Wrongful Convictions Based On Them, Henry F. Fradella

Seattle University Law Review

The empirical literature on perception and memory consistently demonstrates the pitfalls of eyewitness identifications. Exoneration data lend external validity to these studies. With the goal of informing law enforcement officers, prosecutors, criminal defense attorneys, judges, and judicial law clerks about what they can do to reduce wrongful convictions based on misidentifications, this Article presents a synthesis of the scientific knowledge relevant to how perception and memory affect the (un)reliability of eyewitness identifications. The Article situates that body of knowledge within the context of leading case law. The Article then summarizes the most current recommendations for how law enforcement personnel should—and …

Mri-Based Classification Of Idh Mutation And 1p/19q Codeletion Status Of Gliomas Using A 2.5d Hybrid Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network, Satrajit Chakrabarty, Pamela Lamontagne, Joshua Shimony, Daniel S Marcus, Aristeidis Sotiras

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status are important prognostic markers for glioma that are currently determined using invasive procedures. Our goal was to develop artificial intelligence-based methods to noninvasively determine molecular alterations from MRI.

METHODS: Pre-operative MRI scans of 2648 glioma patients were collected from Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM;

RESULTS: For IDH, the best-performing model achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.925, 0.874, 0.933 and areas under the precision-recall curves (AUPRC) of 0.899, 0.702, 0.853 on the internal, WUSM, and EGD test sets, respectively. For 1p/19q, the best model achieved AUROCs of 0.782, 0.754, …

Necrotic Cardiac Myocytes Skew Macrophage Polarization Towards A Classically Activated Phenotype, Wenlong Jiang, Luigi Adamo, Kenji Lim, Scot J Matkovich, Sarah Evans, Cibele Rocha-Resende, Douglas L. Mann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Necrotic and dying cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate sterile inflammatory responses in the heart. Although macrophages are essential for myocardial repair and regeneration, the effect of DAMPs on macrophage activation remains unclear. To address this gap in knowledge we studied the effect of necrotic cardiac myocyte extracts on primary peritoneal macrophage (PPM) cultures in vitro. We first performed unbiased transcriptomic profiling with RNA-sequencing of PPMs cultured for up to 72 hours in the presence and absence of: 1) necrotic cell extracts (NCEs) from necrotic cardiac myocytes in order to mimic the release of DAMPs; 2) lipopolysaccharide …

Apolipoprotein E Genetic Variation, Atherogenic Index And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment In An African Population: An Analysis Of Hiv And Malaria Patients In Ghana, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Akwasi Anyanful, Richmond Owusu Ateko, Dee Blackhurst, Robert Peter Biney, Dennis Boadi, Samuel Badu Nyarko, Martins Ekor, George Boateng Kyei

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E is involved in lipid transport and clearance of lipoprotein through low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). ApoE variation has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There are 3 isoforms of ApoE which originate from two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms denoted as ε2, ε3 and ε4. The ε2 isoform is implicated in higher levels of atherogenic lipoprotein with the ε4 isoform causing LDLR downregulation. This leads to variable effects and differential CVD risk. Malaria and HIV are life-threatening diseases affecting several countries globally especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasite and viral activities have been implicated in lipid dysregulation leading to …

A Novel Biosignature Identifies Patients With Dcis With High Risk Of Local Recurrence After Breast Conserving Surgery And Radiation Therapy, Frank A Vicini, G Bruce Mann, Chirag Shah, Sheila Weinmann, Michael C Leo, Pat Whitworth, Rachel Rabinovitch, Mylin A Torres, Julie A Margenthaler, David Dabbs, Jess Savala, Steven C Shivers, Karuna Mittal, Fredrik Wärnberg, Troy Bremer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: There is an unmet need to identify women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with a low risk of in-breast recurrence (IBR) after breast conserving surgery (BCS), which could omit radiation therapy (RT), and also to identify those with elevated IBR risk remaining after BCS plus RT. We evaluated a novel biosignature for a residual risk subtype (RRt) to help identify patients with elevated IBR risk after BCS plus RT.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Women with DCIS treated with BCS with or without RT at centers in the US, Australia, and Sweden (n = 926) were evaluated. Patients were …

Higher Dose Oral Fluconazole For The Treatment Of Aids-Related Cryptococcal Meningitis (Hiflac)--Report Of A5225, A Multicentre, Phase I/Ii, Two-Stage, Dose-Finding, Safety, Tolerability And Efficacy Randomised, Amphotericin B-Controlled Trial Of The Aids Clinical Trials Group, Umesh G. Lalloo, David B. Clifford, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The WHO recommended 1200mg/day of fluconazole (FCZ) in the induction phase of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in HIV prior to 2018 in regions where amphotericin-B (AMB) was unavailable. A 2-stage AMB-controlled, dose-escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the safety/efficacy of an induction-consolidation strategy of higher doses FCZ (1200mg-2000mg/day), adjusted for weight and renal function (eGFR)in adults with CM was undertaken.

METHODS: In Stage-1, three induction doses of FCZ (1200mg/day, 1600mg/day and 2000mg/day) were tested in sequential cohortsand compared with AMB in a 3:1 ratio. A particular dose was not tested in Stage 2 if there were significant …

Glaucoma And Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation, Makoto Ishikawa, Yukitoshi Izumi, Kota Sato, Taimu Sato, Charles F Zorumski, Hiroshi Kunikata, Toru Nakazawa

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive optic neuropathy resulting in visual field defects. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the greatest risk factor for the development of glaucoma, and IOP reduction therapy is the only treatment currently available. However, there are many cases in which retinal degeneration progresses despite sufficient control of IOP. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the pathophysiology of glaucoma that is resistant to current IOP lowering therapies. Experiments using animal glaucoma models show the relationships between microglial neuroinflammatory responses and damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Inhibition of neuroinflammatory pathways associated with microglial …

Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange And Other Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches For Epitope Mapping, Prashant N Jethva, Michael L Gross

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Antigen-antibody interactions are a fundamental subset of protein-protein interactions responsible for the "survival of the fittest". Determining the interacting interface of the antigen, called an epitope, and that on the antibody, called a paratope, is crucial to antibody development. Because each antigen presents multiple epitopes (unique footprints), sophisticated approaches are required to determine the target region for a given antibody. Although X-ray crystallography, Cryo-EM, and nuclear magnetic resonance can provide atomic details of an epitope, they are often laborious, poor in throughput, and insensitive. Mass spectrometry-based approaches offer rapid turnaround, intermediate structural resolution, and virtually no size limit for the …

Relationship Between Baseline Plasma P-Tau181 And Longitudinal Changes In Cognition And Structural Brain Measures In A Cohort Of Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults, Marcos V Pais, Chia-Ling Kuo, Beau M Ances, Julie Loebach Wetherell, Eric J Lenze, Breno S Diniz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects a significant proportion of cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults. Currently, blood-based biomarkers detect very early changes in the AD continuum with great accuracy.

METHODS: We measured baseline plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 using electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based assay (MesoScale Discovery) in 533 CU older adults. Follow-up lasted up to 18 months. Cognitive performance assessment included memory and cognitive control. Structural brain measures included cortical thickness, which includes the AD magnetic resonance imaging (AD MRI) signature, and hippocampal volume.

RESULTS: In this cohort of CU older adults, baseline plasma p-tau181 levels were not associated with short-term changes in …

Severe Central Nervous System Demyelination In Sanfilippo Disease, Mahsa Taherzadeh, Erjun Zhang, Irene Londono, Benjamin De Leener, Sophie Wang, Jonathan D Cooper, Timothy E Kennedy, Carlos R Morales, Zesheng Chen, Gregory A Lodygensky, Alexey V Pshezhetsky

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Chronic progressive neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurological lysosomal storage diseases, including mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III or Sanfilippo disease). Since neuroinflammation is linked to white matter tract pathology, we analyzed axonal myelination and white matter density in the mouse model of MPS IIIC

METHODS: Brain and spinal cord tissues of human MPS III patients, 6-month-old

RESULTS: Analyses of CC and spinal cord tissues by immunohistochemistry revealed substantially reduced levels of myelin-associated proteins including Myelin Basic Protein, Myelin Associated Glycoprotein, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein. Furthermore, ultrastructural analyses revealed disruption of myelin sheath organization and reduced myelin thickness in the brains …

Defining Solute Carrier Transporter Signatures Of Murine Immune Cell Subsets, Tania Løve Aaes, Javier Burgoa Cardás, Kodi S Ravichandran

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Solute carrier (SLC) transporters are membrane-bound proteins that facilitate nutrient transport, and the movement across cellular membranes of various substrates ranging from ions to amino acids, metabolites and drugs. Recently, SLCs have gained increased attention due to their functional linkage to innate immunological processes such as the clearance of dead cells and anti-microbial defense. Further, the druggable nature of these transporters provides unique opportunities for improving outcomes in different immunological diseases. Although the SLCs represent the largest group of transporters and are often identified as significant hits in omics data sets, their role in immunology has been insufficiently explored. This …