Digital Commons Network^™

The Effect Of Surface Treatment And Types Of Translucent Monolithic Zirconia On The Shear Bond Strength Of Porcelain Repaired To Zirconia, Karnkanith Hansomwong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In the event of proximal contact loss in a zirconia crown on an implant, the zirconia crown can be modified by adding porcelain to recreate the proximal contact. This study investigated the shear bond strength between translucent zirconia (4Y-PSZ) and veneering porcelain compared to conventional zirconia (3Y-TZP). Zirconia substructures were treated with airborne-particle abrasion with Al2O3. The results of the shear bond strength test were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons with Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) test. The shear bond strengthranged from 21.87 and 27.79 MPa. The failure mode was mixed failure in all groups. From the results, …

Micro-Computed Tomography And Mechanical Test Of Bone Regeneration Using Mrna Encoding Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 With Implant Placement In Rat Femur, Kanoksiri Jriyasetapong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research evaluates the effectiveness of a modified mRNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (m1Ψ-BMP-2 mRNA) with N1-methylpseudouridine modifications on bone regeneration and integration after implantation into rat femur defects. In the study, twelve femurs from six Sprague-Dawley rats underwent titanium wire insertation. These femur defects were then filled with either 5 μg of m1Ψ-BMP-2 mRNA, 15 μg of m1Ψ-BMP-2 mRNA, or Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (dPBS) in a randomized manner (N=4 each group) Six weeks post-implantation, the rats were euthanized for evaluation using micro-computed tomography and a mechanical push-out test. The Micro-CT analysis focused on several parameters including total bone volume, …

Comparing Medium To Long-Term Esthetic, Clinical And Patient-Reported Outcomes Between Freehand And Computer-Assisted Dental Implant Placement, Sun Heng

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare medium to long-term clinical and patient reported outcomes between implants placed with Computer-assisted Implant Surgery (CAIS) and freehand protocols. Materials and Methods: Thirty dental implants in the anterior maxillary region with an average of 4 years after loading were assessed by means of Pink Esthetic Scores (PES), Marginal Bone Level (MBL), clinical and patient reported outcomes. Results: CAIS significantly outperformed freehand placement with regards to PES scores (p=0.011). Likewise, implants placed with CAIS showed significantly higher marginal bone levels (p<0.001). Bleeding on Probing, Probing depth and prevalence of mucositis did not differ between the groups, while no peri-implantitis was diagnosed. Conclusions: The use of CAIS lead to superior outcomes in terms of esthetics and marginal bone levels for implants placed in the aesthetic zone as observed in medium to long-term follow-up. No difference was however observed with regards to peri-implant mucosa inflammation.

Analysis Of Gene Expression And Histology Of Bone Regeneration Using Mrna Encoding Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 In Rat Femur, Duangporn Yongyosrungrueng

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The quality of bone healing is an important factor in dental implant treatment. Currently, there is only limited research on using mRNA encoding BMP-2 to improve the quality and quantity of bone. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bone healing in rat femur defect after delivery of dPBS, rhBMP-2 and mRNA-encoding BMP-2 (BMP-2 mRNA-LNP). Histology approach was used to measure the quantity of newly formed bone. RT-qPCR was used to study gene expression levels of BMP-2, OCN, BSP and TNF-α. Subsequently, RNA-Seq analysis was performed at six weeks post-operation. Histological study revealed that BMP-2 mRNA-LNP group had significantly …

Effect Of Variations In Translucency Of Cad/Cam Lithium-Disilicate Ceramic And Abutment Color On Optical Color Of Veneer Restoration, Wichaya Likitnuruk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to evaluate the optical color of different translucencies of CAD/CAM lithium-disilicate ceramics on backgrounds with different values. Low translucency (LT) and medium translucency (MT) rectangular-shaped specimens (0.6 mm thickness, shade A1) were fabricated from IPS e.max CAD (EMC; Ivoclar Vivadent) and Amber Mill (AM; HASS). Six specimens of EMC-MT, EMC-LT, AM-MT, and AM-LT were fabricated, resulting in 24 specimens in total. The specimens were placed on six background colors (1M1(reference), 1M2, 2M2, 3M2, 4M2, and 5M2) made of light-cured resin composite (Vita VM LC Base Dentine, Vita Zahnfabrik) using glycerine as a medium. The CIE L*a*b* coordinates …

Influence Of Ceramic Translucency, Ceramic Thickness, And Shades Of Luting Resin Cement On Final Color Of Cad/Cam Lithium Disilicate Veneers, Ploypailin Radeesujalitkul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of ceramic translucency, ceramic thickness, and cement color on the final optical color of a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic. Methods. A total of 180 ceramic specimens were prepared into two thicknesses, 0.5 and 1.0 mm, from high translucency (HT), medium translucency (MT), and low translucency (LT) CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) in shade A1. Substrates were fabricated from resin composite in shade A3. Two shades of light-cure resin cement, neutral and light plus (Variolink Esthetic LC; Ivoclar Vivadent), were used for cementation, whereas glycerine was used for the control groups. CIE …

อิทธิพลของการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตทางเศรษฐกิจกับรายได้ของลูกจ้างในประเทศไทย, กุลชาติ ประทุมชัย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ของการศึกษาคือ (1) เพื่อศึกษาการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตทางเศรษฐกิจของลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ต (2) เพื่อทดสอบอิทธิพลของปัจจัยทางประชากรและสังคม ปัจจัยการทำงานและปัจจัยทรัพยากรการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตที่ส่งผลต่อการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตทางเศรษฐกิจของลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ต และ (3) เพื่อทดสอบอิทธิพลของปัจจัยทางประชากรและสังคม ปัจจัยการทำงานและทุนทางเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัลที่ส่งผลต่อรายได้ของลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ต โดยการศึกษาครั้งนี้ศึกษากลุ่มประชากรวัยแรงงานที่มีอายุ 18 – 59 ปี มีสถานภาพการทำงานเป็นลูกจ้างและมีการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตในระหว่าง 3 เดือนก่อนวันสัมภาษณ์ ผู้ศึกษาใช้ข้อมูลทุติยภูมิจากการสำรวจการใช้เทคโนโลยีและการสื่อสารในครัวเรือนและการสำรวจภาวะการทำงานของประชากรของสำนักงานสถิติแห่งชาติในปี พ.ศ.2558 พ.ศ.2561 และพ.ศ.2563 ผลการศึกษาปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อการใช้ประโยชน์จากอินเทอร์เน็ตทางเศรษฐกิจของลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ต พบว่า กลุ่มเพศหญิง อายุน้อย การศึกษาสูง อาศัยอยู่เขตเทศบาล รายได้สูง ทักษะแรงงานสูง มีการใช้คอมพิวเตอร์ทำงานและมีทรัพยากรการการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตที่ดีกว่ามีแนวโน้มที่จะใช้ประโยชน์จากอินเทอร์เน็ตทางเศรษฐกิจมากกว่า ในขณะที่ลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตที่มีรายได้ต่ำและทำงานเป็นลูกจ้างรัฐบาลและรัฐวิสาหกิจมีแนวโน้มที่จะใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตเพื่อการศึกษาเรียนรู้มากกว่า สำหรับการศึกษาปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อรายได้ของลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ต พบว่า ลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตที่มีทุนทางเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัลต่ำที่สุดและสูงที่สุดนั้นมีช่องว่างทางรายได้ที่แตกต่างกันถึงร้อยละ 36 – 38 ส่วนลูกจ้างผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตที่เป็นเพศหญิงและมีสถานภาพโสดเป็นกลุ่มที่มีความได้เปรียบด้านทุนทางเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัล แต่กลับได้รับผลตอบแทนทางรายได้ที่น้อยกว่าแสดงถึงข้อจำกัดในการเข้าถึงทรัพยากรในพื้นที่นอกเขตดิจิทัล รวมถึงอาจมีข้อจำกัดในการแปลงทุนทางเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัลให้เป็นทุนทางเศรษฐกิจในชีวิตจริง การศึกษาในครั้งนี้ทำให้ทราบผลกระทบของกระบวนการเปลี่ยนผ่านเป็นดิจิทัล (Digitalization) ที่มีต่อประชากรกลุ่มวัยแรงงาน การเข้าถึงทรัพยากรการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตและการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพอาจช่วยส่งเสริมความเท่าเทียมกันในทางสังคมที่มีอยู่ได้ หากผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตสามารถแปลงทุนในพื้นที่ดิจิทัลให้เป็นทุนในพื้นที่ชีวิตจริง ดังนั้นการลดช่องว่างทางดิจิทัลโดยส่งเสริมการเข้าถึงทรัพยากรในพื้นที่ดิจิทัลอย่างเท่าเทียมจึงมีความสำคัญในการสร้างสังคมที่เป็นธรรมในยุคเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัล

Methyl Isobutyrate Production Via Hydrogenation Of Methyl Methacrylate Derived From Pyrolysis Of Acrylic Plastic Waste, Ramzi Nasser Ahmed Saif

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

According to zero waste and upcycling policy, this work aims to utilize waste polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to methyl isobutyrate (MIB) via hydrogenation over nickel (Ni) based catalysts supported on commercial zeolites: HY, H-Beta-27 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 27 by mole), H-Beta-40 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 40 by mole) and H-ZSM-5. The appropriate catalyst support was first screen by using MMA monomer as the substrate for hydrogenation. Under 30 bar initial H2 pressure (PH2) at 250 °C for 3 h, Ni/H-Beta-27 catalyst effectively promoted hydrogenation to achieve 85% MMA conversion with 56.2 wt% MIB yield because of its larger external surface area and pore size. …

Intersectionality And Gender Injustice In Higher Education In Pre- And Post-Coup Myanmar, Ei Yin Yin Phyu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research examines gender injustice in Higher Education in pre- and post-coup Myanmar. It explores how gender injustice has been perceived and practiced during the semi- civilian government and after the 2021 coup, both in private and public spaces. Using intersectionality and gender injustice concepts, this research employs a qualitative approach, collecting primary data through interviews with women university scholars, as well as secondary sources such as legal documents, education laws, university policies and regulations regarding gender equality. It incorporates other gender-related concepts and frameworks in order to strengthen its empirical findings. Primary data collection included 17 female participants from …

การศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการพัฒนาแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อจำลองตัวแทนเสมือนสัตว์เลี้ยงเพื่อตอบโจทย์ความรู้สึกผูกพันและความคิดถึงสำหรับผู้ที่เลี้ยงสัตว์, กุลนันท์ พันธุ์อนุกูล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษานี้เพื่อจำลองตัวแทนเสมือนสัตว์เลี้ยง เพื่อตอบโจทย์ความรู้สึกผูกพันและความคิดถึงสำหรับผู้ที่เลี้ยงสัตว์ โดยใช้เทคโนโลยีปัญญาประดิษฐ์ (Artificial Intelligence : AI) ที่หลากหลาย ตั้งแต่การประมวลผลภาพ การสร้างภาพเสมือน การรู้จำอารมณ์ไปจนถึงการประมวลผลภาษาธรรมชาติ สามารถใช้ร่วมกันเพื่อสร้างโมเดลสัตว์เสมือนจริงที่มีลักษณะสมจริงทั้งรูปลักษณ์ภายนอก พฤติกรรม บุคลิก การแสดงออกทางอารมณ์ และการสื่อสารกับมนุษย์ ซึ่งจากวิวัฒนาการของเทคโนโลยีที่รวดเร็วและพัฒนาในทุกวันจะทำให้เราสามารถมีปฏิสัมพันธ์กับสัตว์เลี้ยงเสมือนได้ราวกับว่าเป็นสิ่งมีชีวิต งานวิจัยนี้ได้กล่าวถึงการสํารวจและวิเคราะห์พฤติกรรม รวมถึงความต้องการ ในการใช้แอปพลิเคชันของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง ได้แก่ กลุ่มคนเลี้ยงสุนัขและแมวในประเทศไทยที่มีความรักและความผูกพันกับสัตว์เลี้ยง ที่ต้องการมีตัวแทนสัตว์เลี้ยงที่สามารถมีปฏิสัมพันธ์ได้ในทุกที่ทุกเวลา จำนวนทั้งสิ้น 347 คน โดยกลุ่มตัวอย่างได้ให้ความสนใจใช้แอปพลิเคชันเพื่อจำลองตัวแทนเสมือนสัตว์เลี้ยง เพื่อตอบโจทย์ความรู้สึกผูกพันและความคิดถึงสำหรับผู้ที่เลี้ยงสัตว์ที่ระดับปานกลางถึงมากที่สุด คิดเป็นร้อยละ 72.2

Investigation Of The Radiation Mechanism Of Heatsinks Based On Characteristic Mode Theory, Xu Wang, Matthew Wu, Jagan Rajagopalan, Akshay Mohan, Donghyun Kim, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Heatsinks may cause radiated emission and radio frequency interference problems when they are mounted on printed circuit boards. In this article, the radiation mechanism of heatsinks is systematically investigated using characteristic mode theory. The dipole moment is a commonly used equivalent source model for integrated circuits that drive radiated emission from heatsinks. On the basis of a simplified modal weighting coefficient formulation, the interactions between the dipole moment and the significant modes of the heatsink are efficiently evaluated, thus providing a clear physical insight into noise source placement. Finally, the grounding post design, a commonly used EMI mitigation method, is …

Coaxial Cable Sensing: Review And Perspective, Chen Zhu, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The development of sensors has been a hot research topic in both scientific and industrial communities over the past decades. In recent years, a new sensing technology based on coaxial cables has emerged. Inspired by the fiber Bragg grating and motivated by the demand for structural health monitoring, coaxial cable Bragg gratings were first proposed and demonstrated with superior large strain capability ($>$ 5%). Mimicking the mature sensing modalities in fiber-optic sensors, coaxial cable sensors are developed to be promising alternatives for fiber-optic sensors in harsh-environment applications involving heavy duty, large strains, high pressures, and high temperatures. Over the …

Analysis Of Voltage Regulator Module (Vrm) Noise Coupling To High-Speed Signals With Vrm Via Designs, Junho Joo, Manish K. Mathew, Soumya Singh, Seema Pk, Arun Chada, Bhyrav Mutnury, Chulsoon Hwang, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Physical Noise Coupling Mechanism between Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) Noise Coupling to High-Speed Signal Traces is Analyzed and Different Noise Reduction Methods Are Analyzed for the First Time. the Rapid Switching of Field Effect Transistors (FETs) Creates an Unintentional Coupling Region Around the VRM. as High-Speed Traces Are Often Routed in the Inner Signal Layers of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) as Striplines for Signal Integrity, the VRM Switching Noise is Mainly Coupled from Noisy Power Vias to the Victim Traces Routed Around the VRM Region. to Analyze Different Coupling Reduction Methods in Practical High-Speed Channels, a Simplified PCB Design …

Improved System For Measuring Contact Induced Harmonics, Rui Mi, Leonhard Petzel, Sam Bai, Seyedmostafa Mousavi, Lijuan Qu, Yiqiang Zhang, David Pommerenke

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Portable wireless devices cannot avoid electrical contact due to assembly and maintenance requirements. In this paper, an improved test system is proposed for systematic investigation of harmonic distortion induced by metal-to-metal contacts. The system supports harmonic distortion measurements, DC resistance measurements, fine control of contact force or contraction and automatic re-mating for statistical purposes. In this regard, forward and reflected harmonic signals are measured and ultrasonic vibration is applied to cure contacts. A novel sample holder structure is designed and fabricated as a test vehicle for the measurements.

On Prime Labelings Of Uniform Cycle Snake Graphs, M. A. Ollis

Emerson Authors, Researchers, & Creators

A reseaech paper in graph theory, a subfield of math. At the time of the research Agam Bedi and Samiksha Ramesh were undergraduate students at Emerson College and the work was completed as part of the SOC320 Research Co-Curricular in the summer of 2022. The work has a Creative Commons BY-NC licence.

The Importance Of The Pressure Anisotropy Induced By Strong Magnetic Fields On Neutron Star Physics, Efrain J. Ferrer, Aric Hackebill

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

In this paper we discuss in some detail how the pressures determined from semi-classical statistical averaging of the energy momentum tensor in the presence of a uniform background magnetic field are anisotropic with different pressures arising along and perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. Hence, we analyze how this result can affect two important characteristics of dense magnetized systems: (i) The hadron-quark phase transition in the presence of a magnetic field, (ii) The behavior of the speed of sound in dense magnetized systems. Taking into account that large magnetic fields are expected to be present in the interior of neutron …

Three-Dimensional Environmentally Sustainable Neuromorphic Computing System Based On Natural Organic Memristor, Jinhui Wang, Feng Zhao, Mohammed Rafeeq Khan, Md Mehedi Hasan Tanim, Zoe Templin

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Three-dimensional environmentally sustainable neuromorphic computing system based on natural organic honey-memristor is proposed in this paper. The experimental results indicate the proposed systems have high inference accuracy over 90 % with device variation and nonlinearity. What is more, four conductance drift scenarios, ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) quantization effects, and different algorithms (VGG8 and DenseNet-40) are considered to further verify the proposed systems.

Neuro-Ophthalmology Diseases In Elderly, Aishwarya Gatiganti

School of Medicine Publications

It is well understood that as the body begins to age, its ability to adapt and sustain itself decreases. The eyes are not immune to this effect, and the complex interplay between the eyes and the brain deteriorates insidiously over time. There has been a notable increase in the elderly population, and diseases such as the ones described above need to be at the forefront of an ophthalmologist's mind when treating this population. Neuro-ophthalmology diseases in the elderly are not well known to general practitioners but should be included in the differential due to the potential of rapid deterioration and …

Integrating Robotics Into Wildlife Conservation: Testing Improvements To Predator Deterrents Through Movement, Stewart W. Breck, Jeffrey T. Schultz, David Prause, Cameron Krebs, Anthony J. Giordano, Byron Boots

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Background Agricultural and pastoral landscapes can provide important habitat for wildlife conservation, but sharing these landscapes with wildlife can create conflict that is costly and requires managing. Livestock predation is a good example of the challenges involving coexistence with wildlife across shared landscapes. Integrating new technology into agricultural practices could help minimize human-wildlife conflict. In this study, we used concepts from the fields of robotics (i.e., automated movement and adaptiveness) and agricultural practices (i.e., managing livestock risk to predation) to explore how integration of these concepts could aid the development of more effective predator deterrents.

Methods …

Assessment Of Habitat‐Specific Competition For Oral Rabies Vaccine Baits Between Raccoons And Opossums, James L. Helton, Jacob E. Hill, David A. Bernasconi, Wesley C. Dixon, Richard B. Chipman, Amy Gilbert, James C. Beasley, Guha Dharmarajan, Olin E. Rhodes Jr.

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Throughout the eastern United States, the National Rabies Management Program (NRMP) distributes oral rabies vaccine (ORV) baits to manage rabies virus circulation in raccoon (Procyon lotor) populations. The consumption of vaccine baits by non‐target species including Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) may reduce the effectiveness of ORV programs, but competition for baits remains poorly quantified in many areas of the southeastern United States. We distributed placebo ORV baits injected with a biomarker across 4 land cover types (bottomland hardwood, upland pine, riparian, isolated wetland) on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, USA, 2017–2019. We then trapped …

Producers’ Perceptions Of Large Carnivores And Nonlethal Methods To Protect Livestock From Depredation: Findings From A Multistate Federal Initiative, Keith M. Carlisle, Hailey E. Ellis, Colorado State University, Alan D. Bright

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We examined livestock producers’ perceptions of wolves, grizzly bears, black bears, and mountain lions, as well as their experiences with using nonlethal methods to protect livestock from depredation. All producers in the study received nonlethal predator management assistance in 2020 from USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (“WS”) pursuant to a federally funded initiative focused on the use of nonlethal methods to protect livestock. Such methods included assistance from range riders (i.e., individuals who monitor livestock and carnivores), fladry (i.e., flags hung from rope that serve as a repellent), and other audio/visual deterrents (e.g., Foxlights). The producers did not specifically seek nonlethal assistance from …

Genomic Analyses Of Gray Fox Lineages Suggest Ancient Divergence And Secondary Contact In The Southern Great Plains, Elizabeth M. Kierepka, Sophie Preckler-Quisquater, Dawn M. Reding, Antoinette Piaggio, Seth P.D. Riley, Benjamin N. Sacks

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) lineage diverged from all other extant canids at their most basal node and is restricted to the Americas. Previous mitochondrial analysis from coastal populations identified deeply divergent (up to 1 Mya) eastern and western lineages that predate most intraspecific splits in carnivores. We conducted genotyping by sequencing and mitochondrial analysis on gray foxes sampled across North America to determine geographic concordance between nuclear and mitochondrial contact zones and divergence times. We also estimated the admixture within the contact zone between eastern and western gray foxes based on nuclear DNA. Both datasets confirmed that …

A Social Network Analysis Of Actors Involved In Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) Management In Missouri, Hailey E. Ellis, Meredith J. Grady, Lauren Jaebker, Alan D. Bright, Keith M. Carlisle

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) cause significant damage to agriculture and native ecosystems and can transmit diseases to animals and people. Management responses designed to reduce population numbers are needed to mitigate these threats. Identifying networks of key actors, including the ways in which they interact, is valuable for purposes of better understanding opportunities or constraints that generate or impede effective management responses. The goal of our study was to understand the network of organizations, and the personnel working within them, that were active in wild pig management, research, or policy initiatives in Missouri during 2018–2020 by 1) identifying …

Effects Of Corn Supplementation On Serum And Muscle Microrna Profiles In Horses, Clarissa Carver, Jason E. Bruemmer, Stephen Coleman, Gabriele Landolt, Tanja Hess

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Laminitis associated with equine metabolic syndrome causes significant economic losses in the equine industry. Diets high in non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) have been linked to insulin resistance and laminitis in horses. Nutrigenomic studies analyzing the interaction of diets high in NSCs and gene expression regulating endogenous microRNAs (miRNA) are rare. This study's objectives were to determine whether miRNAs from dietary corn can be detected in equine serum and muscle and its impacts on endogenous miRNA. Twelve mares were blocked by age, body condition score, and weight and assigned to a control (mixed legume grass hay diet) and a mixed legume hay …

Transmission Of Sars-Cov-2 In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer In The United States, Aijing Feng, Sarah Bevins, Jeff Chandler, Thomas J. Deliberto, Ria Ghai, Kristina Lantz, Julianna Lenoch, Adam Retchless, Susan A. Shriner, Cynthia Y. Tang, Suxiang Sue Tong, Mia Torchetti, Anna Uehara, Xiu-Feng Wan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) poses a unique public health risk due to the potential for reservoir establishment where variantsmay persist and evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples from free-ranging white-tailed deer across Washington, D.C. and 26 states in the United States between November 2021 and April 2022. We obtained 391 sequences and identified 34 Pango lineages including the Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these white-tailed deer viruses originated fromat least 109 independent spillovers fromhumans,which resulted in …

H7n9 Influenza A Virus Transmission In A Multispecies Barnyard Model, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, Anna Rodriguez, Rachel M. Maison, Stephanie M. Porter, J. Jeffrey Root

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Influenza A viruses are a diverse group of pathogens that have been responsible for millions of human and avian deaths throughout history. Here, we illustrate the transmission potential of H7N9 influenza A virus between Coturnix quail (Coturnix sp.), domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) co-housed in an artificial barnyard setting. In each of four replicates, individuals from a single species were infected with the virus. Quail shed virus orally and were a source of infection for both chickens and ducks. Infected chickens transmitted the virus to quail but not to ducks or …

Raccoon Rabies Control And Elimination In The Northeastern Usa And Southern Québec, Canada, Amy J. Davis, Marianne Gagnier, Ariane Massé, Kathleen M. Nelson, Jordona D. Kirby, Ryan Wallace, Xiaoyue Ma, Christine Fehlner-Gardiner, Richard B. Chipman, Amy Gilbert

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rabies virus (RABV) is a deadly zoonosis that circulates in wild carnivore populations in North America. Intensive management within the USA and Canada has been conducted to control the spread of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) variant of RABV and work towards elimination. We examined RABV occurrence across the northeastern USA and southeastern Québec, Canada during 2008–2018 using a multi-method, dynamic occupancy model. Using a 10 km× 10 km grid overlaid on the landscape, we examined the probability that a grid cell was occupied with RABV and relationships with management activities (oral rabies vaccination (ORV) and trap-vaccinate-release efforts), habitat, neighbour effects …

Writing Statistical Methods For Ecologists, Amy J. Davis, Shannon Kay

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The Methods section is a key component of any ecology research publication containing detailed information on how the data were collected and analyzed. However, descriptions of which statistical methods were used and how they were applied can substantially vary and may not provide enough information for the analyses to be reproducible. Computational and statistical programming advances have allowed ecological researchers without a strong statistical or mathematical background to access and use increasingly complex statistical methods. Thus, statistical methods are written by and need to be accessible to researchers across a range of quantitative expertise. Poorly written Methods sections can incorrectly …

Distribution Of Baylisascaris Procyonis In Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) In Florida, Usa, Mark W. Cunningham, Daniel P. Wolf, Katherine A. Sayler, Michael Milleson, Brittany Bankovich, Paul Schueller, Betsy S. Haley, Savannah Stura, Michael J. Yabsley

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Baylisascaris procyonis, or raccoon roundworm, is an intestinal nematode parasite of raccoons (Procyon lotor) that is important to public and wildlife health. Historically, the parasite was uncommon in the southeastern US; however, the range of B. procyonis has expanded to include Florida, US. From 2010 to 2016, we opportunistically sampled 1,030 raccoons statewide. The overall prevalence was 3.7% (95% confidence interval=2.5–4.8%) of sampled individuals, and infection intensity ranged from 1 to 48 (mean±standard deviation 9.9±4.0). We found raccoon roundworm in 9/56 (16%) counties sampled, and the percent positive ranged from 1.1% to 13.3% of specimens collected per …

Predator Telemetry Informs Temporal And Spatial Overlap With Stocked Salmonids In Lake Huron, David G. Fielder, Todd A. Hayden, Thomas R. Binder, Brian S. Dorr, Heidi A. Currier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auratus), Walleyes (Sander vitreus), and Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are migratory predators that undergo extensive movements in Lake Huron. Stocking of juvenile salmonid fish (Oncorhynchus and Salmo sp.) is an important component of fishery management in Lake Huron and assessing the spatial and temporal extent of predator movements is a useful consideration for determining when and where to stock juvenile fish to reduce predation and maximize survival. Previous investigation indicated that some Walleyes migrate to the main basin of Lake Huron in spring from Saginaw Bay. Similarly, telemetry studies of Lake Trout movement in Lake Huron have …