Digital Commons Network^™

Synthesis And Characterization Of Co-Polymer (Styrene / Allyl 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-Acetyl-Β-D-Glucopyranoside) And Studying Some Of Its Thermal Properties, Yousef Wadouh, Rana Ghenem, Warda Khalil, Mohammad Keshe

Baghdad Science Journal

In this research, a Co-polymer (Styrene / Allyl-2.3.4.6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) was synthesized from glucose in four steps using Addition Polymerization according to the radical mechanism using Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) as initiator. Initially, Allyl-2.3.4.6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside monomer was prepared in three steps and the reaction was followed by (HPLC, FT-IR, TLC), in the fourth step the monomer was polymerized with Styrene and the structure was determined by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, material ratios) were also studied to obtain the highest yield, the relative, specific and reduced viscosity of the prepared polymer was determined, from which the viscosity average molecular …

Ghrelin And Obestatin Levels As A Novel Marker In Iraqi Obese Children, Noor Thair Tahir, Wafaa Raji Alfatlawi, Walaa Ahmed Al Jedda

Baghdad Science Journal

Obesity is an escalating health problem in developing countries. One to ten children worldwide are overweight in a report showed by the International Obesity Task Force. Ghrelin, orexigenic peptide, has 28 amino acids, it is considered the greatest remarkable promotion in the last two decades for understanding the physiological changes of action regu­lating food intake and hunger. Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide nearly connected to ghrelin that secures from substitution splicing the alike resort molecule, pre-proghrelin. The study is designed to assess the level of ghrelin and obestatin in Iraqi obese children and its relation with other biochemical parameters. …

Molecular Detection By Some Virulence Genes Of Salmonella Enterica Subsp. Enterica Isolated From The Stool Of Children With Diarrhea, Mohammed Nadhir Maaroof, Ahmed Hussein Dhayea

Baghdad Science Journal

Diarrhea is a real disease in childhood which could cause death. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate Salmonella from 350 stool samples taken from children under five years in age, suffering from diarrhea during the period from March 2019 to March 2020 in Tikrit city / Iraq. The results showed the possibility to isolate ten isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica, an infection rate, represents 2.875% of the total rate of patients who suffer from diarrhea. The virulence genes were investigated for ten isolates of S. enterica subsp. enterica, the result is that all isolates possessed the genes stn, …

Dynamics Of Predator-Prey Model Under Fluctuation Rescue Effect, Ghassan E. Arif, Jawdat Alebraheem, Warif B. Yahia

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper presents a novel idea as it investigates the rescue effect of the prey with fluctuation effect for the first time to propose a modified predator-prey model that forms a non-autonomous model. However, the approximation method is utilized to convert the non-autonomous model to an autonomous one by simplifying the mathematical analysis and following the dynamical behaviors. Some theoretical properties of the proposed autonomous model like the boundedness, stability, and Kolmogorov conditions are studied. This paper's analytical results demonstrate that the dynamic behaviors are globally stable and that the rescue effect improves the likelihood of coexistence compared to when …

Effects Of Water Stress, Nitrogen, Magnesium And Their Interactions On Some Growth Characteristics And Essential Oil Content Of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.), Nahla M. A. Khaleel, Abdulghany O. I. Sarmamy

Baghdad Science Journal

A factorial experiment was applied with four replicates on rosemary plants (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in pots inside the glasshouse of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq, during April, 2019 to July, 2020, to determine the effects of soil moisture content ( SM1: 100% and SM2: 60% field capacity), nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 100, N2: 200 and N3: 300kg/hectare), and magnesium fertilizer (Mg1: 0.0, Mg2: 30 and Mg3: 60kg/hectare) and their interactions on some growth characteristics and essential oil content of rosemary plants. Two cuttings were taken from rosemary shoots (on March, 2020 and July, 2020) …

Green Synthesis Of Cds:Sn Nps By Starch As A Covering Agent And Studying Its Physical Properties, Zainab Yaaqoub, Nada K. Abbas

Baghdad Science Journal

The aim of this research is to employ starch as a stabilizing and reducing agent in the production of CdS nanoparticles with less environmental risk, easy scaling, stability, economical feasibility, and suitability for large-scale production. Nanoparticles of CdS have been successfully produced by employing starch as a reducing agent in a simple green synthesis technique and then doped with Sn in certain proportions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%).According to the XRD data, the samples were crystallized in a hexagonal pattern, because the average crystal size of pure CdS is 5.6nm and fluctuates in response to the changes in doping …

Biological Peculiarities Of Leucozonella Retteri, Zafar M. Makhmudjonov, Khayrullo B. Khakimov, Nilufar A. Mekhmonova, Shakhzoda R. Nasriddinova, Seytveli S. Abdurashitov

Baghdad Science Journal

The aim of the research is to study the biology, life cycles, distribution and structure of the reproductive organ of Leucozonella retteri in natural conditions. Zoological and malacological methods are used in the work. The collection of the material was carried out according to A.A. Shileiko method. According to the results of the conducted studies, the differences between Leucozonella retteri and other species in the structure of the reproductive organ were manifested in the following. The lower part of the sperm is straight, the ovary is slightly curved. The paw pad is 8, located in 4x2 positions. The stylophore is …

The Necessary And Sufficient Optimality Conditions For A System Of Focps With Caputo–Katugampola Derivatives, Moataz Abbas Holel, Sameer Qasim Hasan

Baghdad Science Journal

The necessary optimality conditions with Lagrange multipliers λ(t)∈Rn are studied and derived for a new class that includes the system of Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivatives to the optimal control problems with considering the end time free. The formula for the integral by parts has been proven for the left Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivative that contributes to the finding and deriving the necessary optimality conditions. Also, three special cases are obtained, including the study of the necessary optimality conditions when both the final time ���� and the final state x(����) are fixed. According to convexity assumptions prove that necessary optimality conditions are sufficient …

Estimation Of Apelin Levels In Iraqi Patients With Type Ii Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Hadel Khalid Jaid, Fayhaa Muqdad Khaleel, Isam Noori Salman, Baydaa Ahmed Abd

Baghdad Science Journal

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic and progressive condition, which affects people all around the world. The risk of complications increases with age if the disease is not managed properly. Diabetic neuropathy is caused by excessive blood glucose and lipid levels, resulting in nerve damage. Apelin is a peptide hormone that is found in different human organs, including the central nervous system and adipose tissue. The aim of this study is to estimate Apelin levels in diabetes type 2 and Diabetic peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) Iraqi patients and show the extent of peripheral nerve damage. The current study included …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Grafted Chitosan Blending With Polyvinyl Alcohol / Nanocomposite And Study Biological Activity, Ruwaidah S. Saeed, Hanaa G. Attiya, Kawther Ayad Obead

Baghdad Science Journal

The study of biopolymers and their derivative materials had received a considerable degree of attention from researchers in the preparation of novel material. Biopolymers and their derivatives have a wide range of applications as a result of their bio-compatibility, bio-degradability and non-toxicity. In this paper, chitosan reacted with different aldehydes(2,4 –dichloro- benzaldehyde or 2-methyl benzaldehyde), different ketones (4-bromoacetophenone or 3-aminoacetophenone) to produce chitosan schiff base (1-4) . Chitosan schiff base (1-4) reacted with glutaric acid or adipic acid in acidic media in distilled water according to the steps of Fischer and Speier to produce compounds (5-12) respectively. Grafted chitosan (5-12) …

Qtls And Candidate Loci Associated With Drought Tolerance Traits Of Kaybonnet X Zhe733 Recombinant Inbred Lines Rice Population, Yheni Dwiningsih, Julie Thomas, Anuj Kumar, Chirag Gupta, Navdeep Gill, Charles Ruiz, Jawaher Alkahtani, Niranjan Baisakh, Andy Pereira

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rice is the most important staple crop for the sustenance of the world’s population, and drought is a major factor limiting rice production. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of drought-resistance-related traits was conducted on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the self-fed progeny of a cross between the drought-resistant tropical japonica U.S. adapted cultivar Kaybonnet and the drought-sensitive indica cultivar ZHE733. K/Z RIL population of 198 lines was screened in the field at Fayetteville (AR) for three consecutive years under controlled drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) treatment during the reproductive stage. The effects of DS were quantified …

Pursuing Culturally Responsive Math Teaching By Secondary Math Educators: A Professional Development Action Research Study, Emily Bell Redding

Theses and Dissertations

This action research study examines the use of professional development to build the self-efficacy of secondary math teachers in culturally responsive mathematics teaching (CRMT), with the hope to address achievement gaps of Black and Hispanic students. Seven math teachers from a school division in Southwest Virginia participated in a 9-week professional development that included virtual meetings to learn about CRMT, collaboration with colleagues, classroom applications, and self-reflection. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected throughout the 9 weeks in the forms of questionnaires, meeting transcripts, and reflection journals. The research study results found the professional development to build teacher self-efficacy, especially …

Infection Intensity And Prevalence From Perkinsus Marinus In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin 1791) And Their Association With Salinity, Temperature, And Sex In South Carolina Estuaries, Deja E. Best

Theses and Dissertations

This project aimed to identify the associations between the infection intensity and prevalence of Perkinsus marinus infection (i.e., Dermo ) in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), with extrinsic environmental factors such as changes in salinity and temperature along with oyster host factors such as sex ratio. The objectives of the study were to: (1) identify significant associations between the dependent variables, P. marinus prevalence and infection intensity, in relation to salinity and water temperature which may be affected by climate change; and (2) identify any intrinsic factors related to sex (i.e., male, female, intersex, and indeterminant) that may affect …

Replenishment Of Essential Natural Resources: An Assessment Of The Ability Of Freshwater Algae To Enhance Crop Quality And Soil Health, Lala Christina Ek

Theses and Dissertations

Disregard for soil, an essential natural resource, hinders global food production. Food insecurity is a major concern for both public health officials and environmental scientists due to soil quality decline, pollution, and climate change. Alternatives or targeted additions to chemical fertilizers can bolster soil quality, improve crop yields, lengthen crop shelf life, and mitigate environmental pollution. One potential alternative to chemical fertilizers is replacement of them with biological soil amendments, including algae, to enhance crop growth and improve soil health. Research was conducted at the University of South Carolina-Columbia campus garden to determine impacts of non-toxic freshwater algae on crop …

Structure V-1: A Mississippian Mica Workshop In Kershaw County, South Carolina, John Mclellan Dodge

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis reanalyzes the pottery assemblage of Structure V-1 at the Mulberry site (38KE12). Because Structure V-1 was originally hypothesized to be evidence of a late seventeenth century occupation at the Mulberry site, the framework I use for this research focuses on identifying evidence of community coalescence after Mulberry’s initial occupation ended. However, new evidence from both the pottery and radiocarbon analysis conclusively dates the structure to around the sixteenth century Mulberry I phase. With that new date in mind, I explore the role mica craft production within Structure V-1 might have had in linking the community at Mulberry to …

Dietary Inflammatory Index During Pregnancy And Changes Over Time: Associations With Post-Partum Sleep Duration And Quality And Depressive Symptoms., Nowrin Tamanna

Theses and Dissertations

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep and mental health are two important factors for a new mother, as adequate sleep and a healthy mind help her prioritize self-care, seek support when needed, and create a nurturing environment for both her and her baby. Among various plausible theories exploring the etiology of sleep disturbances and depression, the concept of inflammation is gaining attention. This study examined the hypothesis that more pro-inflammatory diets during pregnancy are associated with a decrease in sleep quality and duration, abnormal sleep timing and higher Edinburg Postnatal depression score (EPDS) scores 6 months and 12 months post-partum.

METHODS: A secondary …

Correlates Of Immunization Timeliness In Three South Asian Countries: Secondary Analysis Of Demographic And Health Surveys, Tanzir Ahmed Shuvo

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the availability of effective vaccines, 1.5 million children under the age of 5 years die every year because of vaccine preventable diseases. Improvements in vaccine delivery infrastructure have resulted in relatively high coverage of vaccines, but many children are not receiving their vaccines on a timely basis. Timely administration of routine vaccines recommended by the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) ensures maximum efficacy. It is vital to explore rates of vaccination timeliness and the correlates of timely vaccination among children to design targeted interventions for improving both coverage and timeliness. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Demographic …

The Effect Of Antibiotics On Immune Cell Infiltration Of Colon In A Mouse Model Of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer, Valerie Hinsch

Theses and Dissertations

Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is an aggressive form of colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age of 50. While colorectal cancer cases in patients 50 years and older have been declining, EOCRC cases have been steadily increasing globally in the last few decades, and the cause is unknown. Many agents, called exposomes, have been associated with EOCRC based on their emergence and prevalence prior to and in parallel with the rise in EOCRC cases. Among these are antibiotics (Abx). Abx are indispensable in our fight against infectious diseases, however their overuse is becoming a global epidemic. They are prescribed globally, …

Dephosphorylation Of Mpk6 And Mpk3 By Phosphatases Modulates Responses To Herbivory In Arabidopsis, Claire Teresa Hann

Theses and Dissertations

As sessile organisms, plants rely on extracellular signals and chemical responses to defend against stressors. Extracellular stress signals inducing defense responses originate both from biotic or abiotic threats, and from products of tissue damage or hormones. In defense against herbivores, essential responses include rapid generation of jasmonic acid (JA) at the wound site, followed by the global expression of genes that impede digestion and growth. Early defense gene expression amplifies JA production, while later JA-responsive gene expression causes the accumulation of defense products. MAP kinase (MAPK) pathways play a central role in mediating the perception of self, non-self, and hormonal …

Floodplain And In-Channel Sedimentation In The Bedrock Congaree River, Sc, Mahsa Ahmadpoor

Theses and Dissertations

The Congaree River planform is characterized by an abrupt increase in channel sinuosity in the downstream direction. Such a change is not typical of alluvial meandering rivers but has been observed in mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers. This motivated the first study of this dissertation, specifically designed to determine if the Congaree River is indeed a mixed bedrock-alluvial river in its low sinuosity (upstream) reach. To test this hypothesis, sonar-based measurements of channel bed and sublayer elevation were performed from Columbia to the Congaree River-Wateree River confluence. The sublayer is here defined as the first surface visible in the sonar measurements underneath …

Particle-Free High Spatial Resolution Velocimetry For Slip Flow Detection, Malhar Prasad Joshi

Theses and Dissertations

Microfluidic systems have a wide range of applications, including biomedical devices, lab-on-a-chip technologies, and aerospace propulsion. Understanding and quantifying the slip flow phenomenon in these microscale and nanoscale channels is of paramount importance for precise control and optimization of fluidic processes. Our study presents a novel approach to directly measure the velocities in a microchannel using Laser Induced Fluorescence Photobleaching Anemometer (LIFPA) and Travel Time After Photobleaching Velocimetry (TTAPV). In this experimental study, microchannels with micrometer dimensions were used, and slip flow conditions controlled. The LIFPA-TTAPV approach was applied to measure slip velocities in the near wall regime, providing accurate …

Exploring The Assembly Of Soluble Triphenylamine Bis-Urea Macrocycles; Synthesis Of Nsc243928 Derivatives For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment, Rahul Prakash

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is divided into two topics: I. Supramolecular polymerization of triphenylamine (TPA) bis-urea macrocycle behavior in solution, and II. Synthesis of fluorophore appended and biotinylated derivatives of NSC243928 for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Supramolecular polymers are of interest due to their self-healing and stimuli responsiveness. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of the importance of self-assembly to construct ordered structures from smaller building blocks, highlighting the mechanisms of self-assembly to form supramolecular polymers. The bis-urea macrocycle assembly unit is introduced and its assembly into tubular structures and crystals is highlighted, which are used as a control for …

Weathering The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study Examining How The Lived Experience Affected English Learners, Mary Kathryn Maxwell

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted many students, especially the English learners who require specialized instruction and additional support to develop English language proficiency. This study examines how the pandemic created barriers that caused a decline in the academic achievement and engagement in the learning process of sixth-eighth grade English learners in an urban district in Ohio. In this mixed-methods study, using an explanatory sequential research design, quantitative data were collected through an online Likert survey while qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews, artifacts, and researcher field notes. A total of 21 participants completed the survey and interviews. The merged …

Water Quality Monitoring And Mapping Using Rapidly Deployable Sensor Nodes, Mohamed Abdelwahab

Theses and Dissertations

Efficient and continuous monitoring of water quality parameters plays a pivotal role in responding to pollution incidents and ensuring the safety of both human consumption and ecological resources. This research introduces an affordable and dependable in-situ water quality sensor package designed for seamless continuous monitoring, providing essential data to facilitate informed decision-making in water resource management. The sensor package enables comprehensive on-site assessment of key water characteristics, including pH, temperature, turbidity (measured in NTU), and total dissolved solids (TDS, measured in ppm). Spatial interpolation techniques, specifically Kriging, are employed to extrapolate variable values at unobserved locations based on nearby measurements. …

Enhancing Relation Database Security With Shuffling, Tieming Geng

Theses and Dissertations

Database security holds paramount importance as it safeguards an organization's most valuable assets: its data. In an age marked by escalating cyber threats, protecting sensitive information stored in databases is essential to preserve trust, prevent financial losses, and maintain legal compliance. In this dissertation, an exploration into the realm of relation database security is undertaken. The research introduces a cryptographic secure shuffling algorithm designed to fortify database security. Additionally, the dissertation presents a series of innovative solutions aimed at bolstering both the security and efficiency of the shuffling algorithm. Encryption algorithms have long served as a mean of safeguarding sensitive …

The Utility Of Bayesian Predictive Models To Forecast Arboviruses In The United States Of America And Territories, Maggie Suzanne Jennave Mccarter

Theses and Dissertations

Statistical models have been utilized to understand and forecast infectious diseases across the globe. However, these models have historically been difficult to access and interpret for non-specialist audiences. This dissertation focuses on one computationally efficient model fitting method, the integrated nested LaPlace approximation approach, to forecast three arboviruses in hopes of encouraging accessibility to statistical modelling. Such accessibility could provide areas who simultaneously are most susceptible to infection, and have the least resources, an invaluable tool for informing policy and prevention decisions. The resulting models included biological, land cover, and environmental factors and produced accurate forecasts of neuroinvasive West Nile …

Impact Of Steroid Receptor And Hormone Manipulation In Skeletal Muscle: Implications For Glucose Metabolism And Insulin Sensitivity In Male Mice, Christian Aaron Unger

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation aimed to investigate the influence of modifying steroid receptor content and steroid production within skeletal muscle on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity within the context of diet-induced obesity. Specifically, our research focused on three key aspects:1) determining the role that skeletal muscle androgen receptor has on glucose metabolism and insulin action in male mice fed a high-fat diet and 2) determining if inducible skeletal muscle aromatase overexpression improves glucose intolerance and insulin action in male mice fed a high-fat diet and 3) determining if inducible skeletal muscle estrogen-receptor alpha (ER-α) overexpression improves glucose intolerance and insulin action in …

Integrated Wastewater Surveillance For Sars-Cov-2 And Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: Implications For Public Health And Environmental Management, Mirza Isanovic

Theses and Dissertations

While current technologies have inadvertently resulted in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) becoming major sources of global antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dissemination, wastewater can be leveraged to provide vital community-level health information. This project examined both of these aspects through wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and metagenomic analysis of specific ARGs collected from both activated sludge and bioaerosols. In this study, we investigated treatment steps between the influent and final treated effluent to identify the point at which viral RNA is below detection. Additionally, we examined air surrounding high turbulence treatment steps to test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in WWTP-generated …

Understanding The Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Borderline Features And Deliberate Self-Harm Behaviors Among College Students: The Mediating Roles Of Emotion Regulation And Interpersonal Functioning, Sydney Mari Levine

Theses and Dissertations

Research has established ACEs as significant predictors of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in both clinical and community populations. Further, adults meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) are nearly 14 times more likely to report childhood adversity. No previous studies have examined the critical roles of emotion regulation and interpersonal functioning as mediating mechanisms in these relations. Thus, the current study explored the mechanism by which ACEs affect borderline personality features (BPF) or deliberate self-harm through emotion regulation and interpersonal functioning in a sample of emerging adult college students. Participants (N = 2,255, M age = 19.25) included college students from …

Effects Of Chronic Stress On Working Memory Are Sex-Specific And Age-Dependent, Tyler Jamison Cox

Theses and Dissertations

As the aging demographic of the United States expands, the convergence of age-related cognitive decline and stress-related dysregulation emerges as a substantial concern, impacting not only the lifespan but also the overall well-being of American citizens. In the realm of research, there has been a pronounced focus on Alzheimer's Disease, leading to an imbalanced allocation of resources compared to the study of normal aging. It is widely acknowledged that executive function deteriorates as individuals age, a concept substantiated by numerous investigations conducted in labs dedicated to the study of normal aging. Significantly, even among individuals afflicted with neurodegenerative disorders affecting …