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2023

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Neighborhood Market Potentials For Alcohol Use And Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect, Bridget Freisthler, Christiana Kranich, Jennifer Price Wolf, Reiko Boyd, Paul J. Gruenewald Jan 2023

Neighborhood Market Potentials For Alcohol Use And Rates Of Child Abuse And Neglect, Bridget Freisthler, Christiana Kranich, Jennifer Price Wolf, Reiko Boyd, Paul J. Gruenewald

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Alcohol use can lead to child abuse and neglect even if the person using alcohol does not use heavily. Yet relatively few measures that reflect alcohol use are available at smaller geographic units. We assess whether the estimated level of total alcohol use per capita is related to measures of child abuse and neglect that include substantiated reports of maltreatment, total entries into foster care, and alcohol-related entries into foster care. Methods: Our sample consists of 326 Census block groups in Sacramento, California over three time points (978 space–time units). Administrative data for substantiations of child abuse and neglect …

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Opening The Range: Reforms To Allow Markets For Voluntary Conservation On Federal Grazing Lands, Shawn Regan, Temple Stoellinger, Jonathan Wood Jan 2023

Opening The Range: Reforms To Allow Markets For Voluntary Conservation On Federal Grazing Lands, Shawn Regan, Temple Stoellinger, Jonathan Wood

Utah Law Review

For nearly a century, the federal government has authorized ranchers to graze livestock on large areas of federal lands in the western United States. Federal-land grazing has generated substantial conflict in recent decades, as conservation interests and others have lobbied and litigated against what they view as inappropriate and destructive use of federal lands. This has produced a predictable backlash among ranching interests, including efforts to roll back the regulations relied on by environmental litigants and aggressive confrontations with federal regulators. But such conflict is not inevitable. Competing demands on these lands can be resolved through voluntary means and positive …

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Owning The Right To Migrate: A Proposal For Migration Corridors In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Alyssa Florack-Hess Jan 2023

Owning The Right To Migrate: A Proposal For Migration Corridors In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Alyssa Florack-Hess

Utah Law Review

The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), one of the world’s most treasured regions, consists of an interconnected patchwork of federal, state, and private lands. The GYE’s elk, mule deer, and pronghorn antelope (pronghorn) rely on this vast range to complete their seasonal migrations, but development increasingly threatens this natural cycle. Moreover, the GYE’s existing wildlife management framework fails to resolve the tension between wildlife and growth, leaving both wildlife and local communities vulnerable. After reviewing the scope of the GYE’s ecological challenges, this Note proposes a new solution: a policy establishing affirmative easements across designated migration corridors in the GYE and …

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Assessing The Efficacy Of A Novel Galactooligosaccharide To Promote Fish Health And Robustness, Lucy May Sykes Jan 2023

Assessing The Efficacy Of A Novel Galactooligosaccharide To Promote Fish Health And Robustness, Lucy May Sykes

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Aquaculture has been steadily increasing global production; however, there remains a progressively greater demand for sustainable sources of protein, whilst the prevalence of disease represents a major constraint to industry growth. Feed additives are gaining traction as useful tools to help combat disease and promote health, and previous research has documented benefits to the mucosal surfaces and microbial communities within a range of teleost species. Three experimental in vivo feeding trials were undertaken using a range of in-depth analyses, such as growth performance, haematology, immunology, intestinal histology, intestinal gene expression and intestinal bacterial 16S rRNA sequence libraries. Studies were conducted …

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The Role Of Circadian Entrainment In Rice Blast Disease, Ciaran Griffin Jan 2023

The Role Of Circadian Entrainment In Rice Blast Disease, Ciaran Griffin

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

A circadian clock is present in some capacity in almost all forms of life, and is useful for a wide array of traits, but crucially allows organisms to predict future conditions and adapt their behaviour to synchronise with, and thrive under, their dynamic environment. Accordingly, plant environmental stress responses are gated in a circadian manner, including that for pathogenic defence and immunity. Comparatively less work has been carried out on the plant pathogens, but there are increasing reports of pathogens capable of rhythmically altering their behaviour and virulence-related traits. Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungal pathogen responsible for the destruction of enough …

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Management Of Non-Indigenous Species In The Mediterranean Sea With An Emphasis On Lionfish (Pterois Miles), Periklis Kleitou Jan 2023

Management Of Non-Indigenous Species In The Mediterranean Sea With An Emphasis On Lionfish (Pterois Miles), Periklis Kleitou

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The 21st century faces a global challenge; understanding the ecosystem changes and regulating fish resources is essential to provide food for humankind and to preserve the oceans. Marine ecosystems are being increasingly altered because of global, regional, and anthropogenic stressors such as climate change, Non-Indigenous Species (NIS), pollution, fisheries, eutrophication, and habitat loss. In an era of escalating transformations of marine ecosystems, the Mediterranean Sea is recognized as a hotspot of global biotic and abiotic changes. In recent decades, human-mediated introductions of NIS have notably reshaped the marine ecological structures and processes of the region. The Suez Canal (constructed in …

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Microplastic Ingestion In Invertebrates Within Rockpool Communities, Abigail Outred Jan 2023

Microplastic Ingestion In Invertebrates Within Rockpool Communities, Abigail Outred

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Microplastics (<5 mm) are abundant across the world in the marine environment and so it is vital that we gain further understanding of their fate and their possible impacts on marine life. Due to their size, microplastics can interact with small marine organisms which are part of the lower trophic levels and the main interaction with these plastics is ingestion. Chemical characteristics and changes to the plastic properties, due to, for example, adsorbed chemicals and colonisation of biofilms, may affect how readily plastics are ingested. Research into the interactions of a range of organisms with microplastics enables for a better understanding of how they could be taken in, impact the organism as well as predict potential trophic transfer. This in turn could aid in predicting bigger impacts in the marine environment and on humans themselves. Rockpools are a key environment and nursery for many important marine and intertidal species, particularly those that we rely on commercially, such as crab species. This study exposed three key rockpool species of three feeding types - Beadlet anemone (Actinia equina), common prawn (Palaemon serratus), Thick top shell (Phorcus lineatus) to nylon fibres within ex-situ mesocosms. These species represent three feeding types found in a rockpool community – Suspension feeding, Filter feeding of the whole water column and deposit feeding. The organisms were exposed to either biofouled or non-biofouled, blue, black, red, or white in colour and 0.5 mm or 2 mm microfibres for six hours. This was undertaken when individuals were individually housed as single species, as well as a mixed community with a representative of all three species. Once biofouling was complete, dissection to observe the digestive tract was undertaken and then an alkaline digest was completed to obtain evidence of retention other than in the digestive tract. Beadlet anemones ingested the most microfibres and thick top shell the least. This study shows that overall, biofouled fibres are significantly more likely to be ingested than 6 that of non-biofouled (H(1)= 16.780 , p<0.001). Some ingestion and interaction colour patterns were found – black in anemones and shrimp ((H(1)= 6.224 , p=0.013 and (H(1)= 6.008 , p=0.014) and black (H(1)= 12.270 , p=0.007) and white in shrimp (H(1)= 8.143 , p=0.043). This could possibly be to do with the dye chemicals on the plastics rather than visual cues. The 0.5mm fibres were ingested and retained more than 2mm (H(1)= 20.924 , p<0.001). Thick top shells were the only organism with a difference between housing with more microfibres ingested/retained when housed individually than when housed in a mixed community. This study provides further evidence of the potential ingestion and retention of microplastics in a rockpool setting and therefore highlights the potential impact on these organisms and predator species. This may likely cause negative impacts within that rockpool as well as present a route for microfibres to expose other intertidal organisms to microfibres, particularly as the three study organisms are prey animals to many other species.

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Diversity, Duplication, And Genomic Organization Of Homeobox Genes In Lepidoptera, Peter O. Mulhair, Liam Crowley, Douglas H. Boyes, Amber Harper, Ot Lewis, Pwh Holland Jan 2023

Diversity, Duplication, And Genomic Organization Of Homeobox Genes In Lepidoptera, Peter O. Mulhair, Liam Crowley, Douglas H. Boyes, Amber Harper, Ot Lewis, Pwh Holland

More Faculty of Science and Engineering Research

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors with essential roles in patterning and cell fate in developing animal embryos. Many homeobox genes, including Hox and NK genes, are arranged in gene clusters, a feature likely related to transcriptional control. Sparse taxon sampling and fragmentary genome assemblies mean that little is known about the dynamics of homeobox gene evolution across Lepidoptera or about how changes in homeobox gene number and organization relate to diversity in this large order of insects. Here we analyze an extensive data set of high-quality genomes to characterize the number and organization of all homeobox genes in 123 species …

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The Effects Of Husbandry On Reproductive Output And Behaviour In Captive Saddle-Billed Storks (Ephippiorhynchus Senegalensis), Arlin Douglas Slater Jan 2023

The Effects Of Husbandry On Reproductive Output And Behaviour In Captive Saddle-Billed Storks (Ephippiorhynchus Senegalensis), Arlin Douglas Slater

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Zoos are required to understand specific husbandry requirements of animals in captivity, and there have been significant developments in husbandry research for captive breeding programmes. However, there is no ‘one size fits all’ and in some species, complications have led to low success and failure in breeding. Saddle-billed stork are notoriously difficult to breed in captivity, with low productivity reported in AZA and EAZA populations. Reproductive output, breeding behaviour and interspecific behaviour were measured in saddle-billed storks within European and American zoological institutions using a questionnaire. The effects of birth origin, enclosure provision, nesting provision and wing condition on reproductive …

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Nutrient Input In The Chagos Archipelago - The Controlling Mechanisms Of Chlorophyll-A Distribution, Harvey Cairns Jan 2023

Nutrient Input In The Chagos Archipelago - The Controlling Mechanisms Of Chlorophyll-A Distribution, Harvey Cairns

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Phytoplankton primary productivity is vital in supporting the marine trophic system, and an understanding of the nutrient sources facilitating this is critical for informing conservation management. Using a combination of in situ and remotely sensed data, we assess the contributions of different nutrient sources and corresponding productivity in a tropical island ecosystem free from anthropogenic nutrient pollution at varying temporal scales. Beyond the near-shore, annual mean normalised fluorescence line height (nFLH, a proxy for chlorophyll-a concentration) was 27% higher in shallow water (approx. 20m) than deep water (>5000m), demonstrating a chlorophyll-a enhancement in shallow waters. Linear regression revealed a …

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The Macroinvertebrate Fauna Of Augmented River Gravels: Community Composition And Function, Benjamin James Green Jan 2023

The Macroinvertebrate Fauna Of Augmented River Gravels: Community Composition And Function, Benjamin James Green

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Restoration of riverine ecosystems is a key aspect of river management, driven by concerns over water sustainability and declining biodiversity caused by anthropogenic and environmental perturbations. Anthropogenic perturbations include agricultural sedimentation and nutrient input, deforestation, and river regulation including damming, which disturbs longitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivity. Restoring perturbed riverine systems is costly, and many such restorations are ineffective, with restored systems continuing to degrade. Gravel augmentation, the adding of in-stream gravels, focusses mainly on improving habitat for salmonids, and is one method frequently used to mitigate the impacts of damming. The impact of these augmentations on riverine macroinvertebrates and …

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Pleistocene Depositional Environments On The Eastern Ross Sea Continental Slope, Antarctica, Maxine Valentina King Jan 2023

Pleistocene Depositional Environments On The Eastern Ross Sea Continental Slope, Antarctica, Maxine Valentina King

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

In 2018, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 374 drilled a 208.28 m-thick sequence of Plio-Pleistocene sediments on the Eastern Ross Sea continental slope, Antarctica (Hole U1525A). In this thesis, sediments from Hole U1525A are used to reconstruct the depositional environment on the slope since 2.4 Ma, focusing on characterising instances of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) extension to the continental margin. Late Pleistocene Ross Sea Fan deposits in Hole U1525A are also studied to identify provenance changes that may link to changing ice stream dynamics. Core images, grain size, X-ray fluorescence and physical properties datasets were used from the upper …

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Phenomics: An Integrative Approach To Comparative Developmental Physiology, James Mccoy Jan 2023

Phenomics: An Integrative Approach To Comparative Developmental Physiology, James Mccoy

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Phenomics, the high-throughput acquisition of phenotypic data at the scale of the whole organism, has led to considerable advancements in plant biology and medicine, yet applications within animal environmental physiology and evolutionary biology are rare. The main aim of this thesis is to understand what phenomics can contribute to our understanding of Comparative Developmental Physiology (CDP), in terms of how environmental and evolutionary change affects the development of physiological function in aquatic embryos. Additionally, I aim to understand the consequences of changes in high-dimensional phenotyping methods used throughout the thesis within the context of embryonic life history. To achieve this, …

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The Influence Of Migratory Distance On Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Population Responses To Interannual Variation In Sea Surface Temperature., Joshua Cook Jan 2023

The Influence Of Migratory Distance On Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Population Responses To Interannual Variation In Sea Surface Temperature., Joshua Cook

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

As a species, the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is undergoing a range wide population decline. In the last 40 years alone, wild stocks have specifically declined due to continuing human pressures and global climate change. During the marine life stages, North Atlantic Sea surface temperatures (SST) have specifically impacted stocks, inducing range wide declines in abundance and morphometrics as temperature rises. Recent studies have indicated that SST’s effects on S. salar are more severe at the southernmost ranges, however we lack an explanation for why this may be the case. Acknowledging this trend, we hypothesise that while declines in returning …

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Assessing The Effect Of Temperate Mpas On Elasmobranch Communities, Chloe Renn Jan 2023

Assessing The Effect Of Temperate Mpas On Elasmobranch Communities, Chloe Renn

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Global chondrichthyan (sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras) populations are experiencing alarming declines, driven by intense targeted and incidental extraction. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) represent one potential solution, which has gained traction in recent years. When implemented effectively, MPAs demonstrate potential to rebuild populations and enable ecosystem recovery. However, their value as an elasmobranch conservation tool remains contested, particularly in temperate waters such as the UK. One essential component of MPA efficacy is the implementation of robust ecological monitoring regimes that allow species trajectories to be characterised and responded to, in real-time. However, several challenges, inherent to both elasmobranchs and temperate …

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Personality And Parental Care In The Corkwing Wrasse (Symphodus Melops), Benjamin Ellis Jan 2023

Personality And Parental Care In The Corkwing Wrasse (Symphodus Melops), Benjamin Ellis

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Parental care in many species is a repeatable aspect of the behavioural phenotype, in some cases covarying with other behavioural traits within wider behavioural syndromes. It is well understood that in several freshwater fishes, recreational and commercial fisheries often (directly or indirectly) impact traits concerning parental care adversely, in some cases through selection on covarying behavioural traits. In contrast, studies on commercially fished marine species that exhibit parental care are scarce. The corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) is a marine fish with complex reproductive behaviour, with parental males exhibiting nest building and parental care behaviours. This species is also subject to …

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Investigating The Diversity And Distribution Of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems In The Chagos Archipelago, Clara Diaz Jan 2023

Investigating The Diversity And Distribution Of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems In The Chagos Archipelago, Clara Diaz

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs, 30-150 m) have received increasing attention from the scientific community over the past two decades, as their significance has been recognised in terms of biodiversity, distribution, and ecological value. However, MCEs remain relatively unexplored compared to their shallow-water counterparts. They are also under-protected and under-represented in marine spatial planning, despite meeting the international criteria used to identify priority areas for conservation policies. One reason for the imbalance between their high ecological value and their low level of protection is that baseline data on MCEs is largely missing to date. Furthermore, research efforts have been unevenly distributed, …

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Metabolism, Swimming Performance, And A Behavioural Syndrome In Schoolmaster Snapper (Lutjanus Apodus), Peter Malorey Jan 2023

Metabolism, Swimming Performance, And A Behavioural Syndrome In Schoolmaster Snapper (Lutjanus Apodus), Peter Malorey

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Commercial overexploitation and climate change can alter the physiology and behaviour of affected marine organisms, although depending on the environment, species, and severity, intraspecific phenotypic response to such changes can vary greatly. Under the Pace-Of-Life Syndrome (POLS) hypothesis, behaviour, physiology, and life history traits can be linked and thus affected both directly and indirectly by selection targeting any aspect of behavioural physiology. However, such links are often understudied in tropical marine fish, with work needed to better understand the impacts of fisheries and climate change on fish stocks. Moreover, tropical regions have greater reliance on fisheries, thus investigations should focus …

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Towards The Validation Of Novel Cognitive And Physiological Indicators Of Affective State In Horses (Equus Caballus), Sarah Kappel Jan 2023

Towards The Validation Of Novel Cognitive And Physiological Indicators Of Affective State In Horses (Equus Caballus), Sarah Kappel

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Assessing animal emotions reliably is crucial for making accurate decisions about animal welfare, but subjective affective (emotional) states are inaccessible for direct measurement. We know that negative affect modulates attention in humans and some animals. The overarching aim of this thesis is to investigate if the preferential attention allocation towards certain information (i.e. attention bias, AB) could be a potential proxy measure of affective valence in horses. First, I provide an overview of the theoretical background to attention and AB by reviewing the literature on AB in humans and animals (Chapter 2). I examine which methodological aspects need consideration when …

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Does Connectivity With Nature Alter Consumer Behaviour? Linking Ocean Connectedness And Consumer Views On Single-Use Packaging, Sohvi Katariina Nuojua Jan 2023

Does Connectivity With Nature Alter Consumer Behaviour? Linking Ocean Connectedness And Consumer Views On Single-Use Packaging, Sohvi Katariina Nuojua

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Single-use packaging items constitute a large proportion of the plastic litter found in the marine environment. Consumer behaviour is a key contributor to the accumulation of this pollution in the environment. This thesis outlines correlational and experimental research on consumer responses to environmentally relevant qualities of single-use packaging. Furthermore, it considers a novel concept of ocean connectedness as a psychological moderator of consumer response. Studies 1 and 2 investigated consumer responses to recyclability of packaging as well as its raw material (plastic, glass, carton and aluminium) in undergraduate students and in a broader UK public sample. Ocean connectedness was assessed …

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Energy Content Of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) In The Diet Of Scaled Quail (Callipepla Squamata) In Southeastern New Mexico, J.L. Hunt, M.E. Grilliot, T.L. Best, C.M. Wilkerson, A.F. Huitt Jan 2023

Energy Content Of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) In The Diet Of Scaled Quail (Callipepla Squamata) In Southeastern New Mexico, J.L. Hunt, M.E. Grilliot, T.L. Best, C.M. Wilkerson, A.F. Huitt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are common insects that are important food items for many kinds of wildlife, including many species of upland game birds such as scaled quail (Callipepla squamata). We analyzed the energy content of grasshoppers obtained from the crops of scaled quail collected from plainsmesa sand-scrub in Lea and Eddy counties, New Mexico. Grasshoppers were removed from crops and dried for 48 hours at 60°C to remove moisture and standardize masses. Grasshoppers were then pulverized and analyzed for gross caloric value (i.e., energy content) in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy content of grasshoppers from New Mexico averaged 19.2 J/kg …

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Essays In Applied Microeconomics, Joshua C. Martin Jan 2023

Essays In Applied Microeconomics, Joshua C. Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The first chapter examines the role that same-sex marriage legalization had on the number of adoptions of children from foster care in the United States. We do so by employing a synthetic difference-in-differences estimator which leverages both the differential timing of these laws across states and the subsequent wave of state-level legal protections which give foster-care agencies the right to deny service to same-sex couples based on religiously-held beliefs. Using highly detailed, county-level data of nearly 20 million children in the foster care system from 1995-2020, our findings reveal that same-sex marriage legalization led to a 3.8%-5.9% increase in the …

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“I Can’T Do This Anymore, But I Have 1000 More Kids To Serve”: A Qualitative Study Of Full-Time Residential Summer Camp Staff Burnout, Sarah Cohen Jan 2023

“I Can’T Do This Anymore, But I Have 1000 More Kids To Serve”: A Qualitative Study Of Full-Time Residential Summer Camp Staff Burnout, Sarah Cohen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Early pioneers of burnout defined it as “to fail, wear out, or become exhausted by making excessive demands on energy, strength, or resources'' (Freudenberger, 1974, p. 159; Freudenberger, 1977; Schaufeli & Enzmann, 1998). The traditional structures and activities of summer camps play a large role in creating experiences for staff and campers alike, but can lead to full-time staff working long hours with little time off and a culture of being overworked as a symbol of dedication to the program. While burnout research has become more popular over the past few decades, little is known about how burnout is experienced …

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Principals’ Knowledge Of Trauma-Informed School Practices, Elsa Leyhe Jan 2023

Principals’ Knowledge Of Trauma-Informed School Practices, Elsa Leyhe

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Trauma has become a larger issue in schools, and it is necessary for school administrators, specifically principals, to be fully aware of and equipped to deal with trauma in the student body. There is limited quantitative research on what principals currently know about trauma and trauma-informed practices. To help fill this need for more quantitative data, this research study surveyed principals in two Midwest states to address the following questions: To what extent do principals know about traumainformed care in schools? Did the principals receive any training on trauma-informed care in their graduate/certification programs? Did they seek training on their …

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A Comparison Of Feature Selection Methodologies And Learning Algorithms In The Development Of A Dna Methylation-Based Telomere Length Estimator, Trevor Doherty, Emma Dempster, Eilis Hannon, Jonathan Mill, Richie Poulton, David Corcoran, Karen Sugden, Ben Williams, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Sarah Jane Delany, Therese Murphy Dr Jan 2023

A Comparison Of Feature Selection Methodologies And Learning Algorithms In The Development Of A Dna Methylation-Based Telomere Length Estimator, Trevor Doherty, Emma Dempster, Eilis Hannon, Jonathan Mill, Richie Poulton, David Corcoran, Karen Sugden, Ben Williams, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Sarah Jane Delany, Therese Murphy Dr

Articles

The field of epigenomics holds great promise in understanding and treating disease with advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence being vitally important in this pursuit. Increasingly, research now utilises DNA methylation measures at cytosine–guanine dinucleotides (CpG) to detect disease and estimate biological traits such as aging. Given the challenge of high dimensionality of DNA methylation data, feature-selection techniques are commonly employed to reduce dimensionality and identify the most important subset of features. In this study, our aim was to test and compare a range of feature-selection methods and ML algorithms in the development of a novel DNA methylation-based …

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A Multi–Objective Gaining–Sharing Knowledge-Based Optimization Algorithm For Solving Engineering Problems, Nour Elhouda Chalabi, Abdelouahab Attia, Khalid Abdulaziz Alnowibet, Hossam Zawbaa, Hatem Masri, Ali Wagdy Mohamed Jan 2023

A Multi–Objective Gaining–Sharing Knowledge-Based Optimization Algorithm For Solving Engineering Problems, Nour Elhouda Chalabi, Abdelouahab Attia, Khalid Abdulaziz Alnowibet, Hossam Zawbaa, Hatem Masri, Ali Wagdy Mohamed

Articles

Metaheuristics in recent years has proven its effectiveness; however, robust algorithms that can solve real-world problems are always needed. In this paper, we suggest the first extended version of the recently introduced gaining–sharing knowledge optimization (GSK) algorithm, named multiobjective gaining–sharing knowledge optimization (MOGSK), to deal with multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). MOGSK employs an external archive population to store the nondominated solutions generated thus far, with the aim of guiding the solutions during the exploration process. Furthermore, fast nondominated sorting with crowding distance was incorporated to sustain the diversity of the solutions and ensure the convergence towards the Pareto optimal set, …

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Interpreting Disentangled Representations Of Person-Specific Convolutional Variational Autoencoders Of Spatially Preserving Eeg Topographic Maps Via Clustering And Visual Plausibility, Taufique Ahmed, Luca Longo Jan 2023

Interpreting Disentangled Representations Of Person-Specific Convolutional Variational Autoencoders Of Spatially Preserving Eeg Topographic Maps Via Clustering And Visual Plausibility, Taufique Ahmed, Luca Longo

Articles

Dimensionality reduction and producing simple representations of electroencephalography (EEG) signals are challenging problems. Variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been employed for EEG data creation, augmentation, and automatic feature extraction. In most of the studies, VAE latent space interpretation is used to detect only the out-of-order distribution latent variable for anomaly detection. However, the interpretation and visualisation of all latent space components disclose information about how the model arrives at its conclusion. The main contribution of this study is interpreting the disentangled representation of VAE by activating only one latent component at a time, whereas the values for the remaining components are …

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A Real-Time Machine Learning Framework For Smart Home-Based Yoga Teaching System, Jothika Sunney, Musfira Jilani, Pramod Pathak, Paul Stynes Jan 2023

A Real-Time Machine Learning Framework For Smart Home-Based Yoga Teaching System, Jothika Sunney, Musfira Jilani, Pramod Pathak, Paul Stynes

Conference papers

Practicing yoga poses in a home-based environment has increased due to Covid19. Yoga poses without a trainer can be challenging, and incorrect yoga poses can cause muscle damage. Smart home-based yoga teaching systems may aid in performing accurate yoga poses. However, the challenge with such systems is the computational time required to detect yoga poses. This research proposes a real-time machine learning framework for teaching accurate yoga poses. It combines a pose estimation model, a pose classification model, and a real-time feedback mechanism. The dataset consists of five popular yoga poses namely the downdog pose, the tree pose, the goddess …

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Effect Of Okra Bast Fillers On Biodegradation Properties Of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composites, Gazi Md Arifuzzaman Khan, Nazi̇re Deni̇z Yilmaz Jan 2023

Effect Of Okra Bast Fillers On Biodegradation Properties Of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composites, Gazi Md Arifuzzaman Khan, Nazi̇re Deni̇z Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This paper focuses on the effect of okra bast fillers on biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. Fibers were obtained from okra plant stems via biological degumming and subjected to different chemical treatments such as scouring, alkalizing, maleic anhydride treatment, and vinyl acetate grafting. The fibers were ground and PVA-okra bast filler composites were produced at 20 wt% fiber load via the solution casting method. The obtained composites were tested in terms of mechanical properties and exposed to biodegradation in soil. Effects of okra bast filler addition and chemical treatments on changes in mass, breaking strength, elasticity modulus, and breaking elongation …

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Evaluation Of Photochemically Cross-Linked Collagen/Gold Nanoparticle Composites As Potential Skin Tissue Scaffolds, Evri̇m Meri̇ç Yelkuvan, Özge Erdemli̇, Bengi̇ Yilmaz, Ömer Aktürk Jan 2023

Evaluation Of Photochemically Cross-Linked Collagen/Gold Nanoparticle Composites As Potential Skin Tissue Scaffolds, Evri̇m Meri̇ç Yelkuvan, Özge Erdemli̇, Bengi̇ Yilmaz, Ömer Aktürk

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Collagen type I is the main structural unit in skin tissue and is therefore used preferentially in skin tissue scaffolds. However, collagen-based 3D scaffolds have weak aqueous stability and degradation profiles in their uncross-linked states and chemical cross-linking reagents arise toxicity concerns, which generally restrict the spectrum of their biomedical applicability. Here, the research goal is to photochemically cross-link collagen type I with rose bengal (RB) when subjected to green laser light and to investigate the effect of silk sericin-capped gold nanoparticles (S-AuNP) when incorporated into scaffolds on the cross-linking process and thus on the scaffold properties. All the collagen …

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