Digital Commons Network^™

Role Of Racially Concordant Patient-Physician Relationships In Health Outcomes Among African American Women, Joy Thomas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract There are gaps in the literature regarding how patient-physician racially concordant relationships affect African American women’s health. This quantitative study evaluated the effects of non-minority physician influence on the perceptions of medical mistrust, racial discrimination, and healthcare-specific racial discrimination on African American women. The behavioral model for vulnerable populations guided the study. Two research questions involved understanding the relationship between trust in the physician scale and medical mistrust and the association between racial discrimination and perceived healthcare-specific racial discrimination among African American women living in a Southern U.S. state. A stratified random sampling strategy was used to obtain a …

Writing As Transformation: An Action Research Study On Trauma-Informed Curriculum, Nena L. Weinsteiger Guzman

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Trauma exposure is endemic, and this study seeks to address childhood trauma in a compassionate and restorative manner. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are serious childhood traumas that manifest as toxic stress which can damage the developing brain of a child and affect overall health. The implications are expressed dualistically: academic performance of youth is subdued & diminished, and behavioral interactions can range from unreceptive to erratic and aggressive. Trauma exposure is a predictor of adverse outcomes, which range from higher rates of suspension, expulsion, and incarceration, to dire outcomes, such as lower life expectancy and quality of life. Streamlining trauma-informed …

Lifting As We Climb: Effective Mentoring Methods For Black Women Who Aspire To Senior Leadership Roles In Higher Education, Janine Mixon

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 125,485 Black women earned a bachelor’s degree in 2019 in comparison to 70,909 in 1999. As the number of Black women on college campuses have increased, the number of Black women in senior leadership roles have remained stagnant. It is important for higher education institutions to find ways to increase the number of Black women in senior leadership roles because diverse staff and faculty not only increases students’ success but the institutions’ success. One of the ways in which colleges and universities can support the career advancement of Black women is to …

Resilience Of The Black Woman: Thriving Through Storytelling, Kimberly R. Miller

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The study explored how storytelling develops resilience in Black women, enabling them to thrive after overcoming adversity. Storytelling can be conducted in a variety of ways, such as through writing, interaction with others, and self-analysis, however, this study will focus on the value of informal oral storytelling through the interactions with others. Studies reveal that Black women are disproportionately impacted by inequities concerning equal rights, employment, equal pay, education, discrimination, affordable healthcare and housing, criminal justice, and voting rights. Despite these inequities, Black women are significant contributors to the workforce, economy, and society, demonstrating resilience. There is limited research that …

A Mixed-Method Analysis Of The News Media Framing Of Gender Non-Conforming Victims Of Homicide In The U.S. From 2012 To 2022, Susana Avalos, Hayley Jackey, Iyan Wickel

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Recent analyses of transgender homicide victims find that the news media often uses improper terminology, delegitimizes, and victim blames them. These analyses, while insightful, are limited as they have largely analyzed cases involving trans women and trans feminine individuals. The present study employs a mixed-method approach to analyze news media articles (N = 88) published in U.S. online news media outlets about 17 gender non-conforming victims killed between 2012 and 2022. We found that most articles did not delegitimize or victim blame. However, we find (1) victim blaming occurred when reporting on cases of officer-involved shootings, (2) certain victims …

Sexuality And Gender Inclusivity In Victim Service Providers' Information Materials, Shon M. Reed

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Intimate partner violence (IPV)[1] is a serious social problem which impacts people from all walks of life. National estimates indicate that roughly two in five women and men will experience physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetime (Leemis et al., 2022). While this high frequency of violence across gender groups is a serious concern, statistics show that IPV victimization is extremely high in LGBTQ+ population (Messinger, 2017; Walters et al., 2013). Victimization rates are particularly pronounced when it comes to the transgender population where estimates show that roughly half of the transgender population has …

Influencers Of The Institution: Millennial Women Of Color On Leadership As Classified Professionals In California Community Colleges, Marisol Quevedo

Dissertations

This study centers Millennial Women of Color (MWOC) California Community College Professionals as institutional influencers by understanding how their leadership practices support the success of marginalized, minoritized, and historically underrepresented students and equity-advancing institutional change. In this study I use the term “influencer” to reflect the impact that MWOC, working as classified professionals at a CCC who are committed to serving as leaders beyond their job duties have on their students and within their institutions. The use of “influencer” in this study addresses three different areas that summarize the study’s findings. First, the theme “Key-Makers not Gatekeepers'' addresses the ways …

Carceral Control: A Nationwide Survey Of Criminal Court Supervision Rules, Kate Weisburd

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The day-to-day operation of criminal court supervision—including probation, parole, and electronic ankle monitoring—is understudied and undertheorized. To better understand the mechanics of these systems, this study comprehensively analyzes the rules governing people on criminal court supervision in the United States. Drawing on the analysis of 187 public records from all fifty states, this study documents how criminal court supervision functions and impacts daily life. In particular, this study examines the various ways that supervision rules limit or restrict privacy, bodily autonomy, liberty, dignity, speech, and financial independence. This study also explores the nature and prevalence of supervision rules across the …

A New Approach To Measuring Ai Bias In Human Resources Functions: Model Risk Management, Keith E. Sonderling, Aram Gavoor

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This scholarship is the first to offer a commonsense, durable, implementable, and traceable solution to the problem of artificial intelligence bias in the human resources industry by proposing the application of the Model Risk Management structure that has proven successful in the financial services industry since the Great Recession of 2008. Such industry regulation will likely reduce the incidents of EEOC charges of violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and produce a more stable and safe regulatory environment for firms. Most importantly, the promise of an American workplace with less disparate treatment and disparate impact …

The Prediction Society: Algorithms And The Problems Of Forecasting The Future, Hideyuki Matsumi, Daniel J. Solove

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Predictions about the future have been made since the earliest days of humankind, but today, we are living in a brave new world of prediction. Today’s predictions are produced by machine learning algorithms that analyze massive quantities of personal data. Increasingly, important decisions about people are being made based on these predictions.

Algorithmic predictions are a type of inference. Many laws struggle to account for inferences, and even when they do, the laws lump all inferences together. But as we argue in this Article, predictions are different from other inferences. Predictions raise several unique problems that current law is ill-suited …

Strengthening The Law Of Self-Defense After Bruen, Cynthia Lee

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

On June 22, 2022, the Supreme Court issued its opinion in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, striking down New York’s over 100-year-old law requiring individuals seeking to carry a firearm concealed in public to show a special need for self-protection. Holding that New York’s law violated the Second Amendment, the Court rejected the means-end scrutiny that lower courts had previously used to determine whether firearms restrictions comported with the Second Amendment, explaining that the appropriate test for evaluating the constitutionality of a firearms restriction is whether it is consistent with the Second Amendment’s text and historical …

This Is Not Your Grandparents’ Military Justice System: The 2022 And 2023 National Defense Authorization Acts, David A. Schlueter, Lisa M. Schenck

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

For the past decade there have been numerous and significant changes to the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), the statutory basis for the military justice system. Although the Military Justice Act of 2016 made major changes to the UCMJ, the calls for change continued. One of the most-often heard calls for reform over the last decade has suggested removing commanders from the military justice system. In the 2022 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress amended the UCMJ to dramatically reduce the commander’s role in what Congress specified as “covered offenses" such as sexual assault and provided that those listed offenses …

U.S. Department Of Justice Executive Branch Engagement On Litigating The Administrative Procedure Act, Aram Gavoor, Steven A. Pratt

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The Administrative Procedure Act is a broadly worded statute that has benefitted from caselaw to fill many of its gaps, ambiguities, and inconsistencies. But the case method directs judicial attention to slivers of APA inquiry that are required to resolve cases in as-applied challenges to rules and adjudications. There is another method of APA interpretation that has never been deployed in the statute’s 77-year life—that of intentional collaboration between the executive branch and the judiciary. Acting on their litigation and case management authorities as well as their unique power to persuade the judiciary on questions of administrative procedure, the Attorney …

#Metoo And The Corporation In Popular Culture, Brenda Cossman

Seattle University Law Review

#MeToo’s initial virtual explosion in the fall of 2017 was very much about Hollywood, with famous actresses speaking out against famous producers, media moguls and celebrities, exposing the ubiquity of sexual harassment and sexual violence in and around the entertainment industry. Since then, #MeToo has made its way into Hollywood representations without much irony. Films and television shows have explicitly taken up the #MeToo themes, exploring issues of sexual harassment and violence and its afterlives. Many television shows, from the relaunched version of Murphy Brown to Brooklyn Nine-Nine to The Good Fight have incorporated #MeToo themes into episodes exploring the …

An Examination Of The Complex Interplay Of Criminal Risk And Mental Health Functioning, Maris Adams

Research Papers

The undeniable overrepresentation of individuals with serious mental illness in the criminal justice system is a complex matter. Despite persistent assumptions that mental illness is the source of criminal behavior, research has continued to find a weak relationship between mental illness and criminal behavior. As a result, researchers have contended that the seeming link between mental illness and violence is misleading and distracts from the presence of other factors (such as criminogenic risk) that have an established relationship to criminal behavior. The current review of literature will investigate serious mental illness among justice-involved persons, touching on the historical context, theorized …

Labor Control, Resistance, And The Advent Of 'Development': Modalities Of Governance In The British Empirce, C. 1926-1940, Christopher M. Roberts

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

This article examines the manner in which a new approach to governance, that of ‘development,’ evolved within the British Empire over the course of the late 1920s and 1930s. Throughout the period in question, and in continuity with previous periods, the British governed their empire through a range of coercive measures designed to control the population and compel their labor. Measures adopted and frequently relied upon included the delegation of police powers to private authorities, restrictive and extractive tax, movement and labor laws, recourse to forced labor, increasing reliance on militarized police, and growth in the intelligence services. Over the …

The Prosecutor Lobby, Carissa Byrne Hessick, Ronald F. Wright, Jessica Pishko

Faculty Publications

Prosecutors shape the use of the criminal law at many points during criminal proceedings but there is an earlier point in the process where prosecutors have influence: during the legislative process. The conventional wisdom in legal scholarship is that prosecutors are powerful and successful lobbyists who routinely support laws that make the criminal law more punitive and oppose criminal justice reform. In this Article, we test that narrative with an empirical assessment of prosecutor lobbying in America. Using an original dataset of four years of legislative activity from all fifty states, we analyze how frequently prosecutors lobbied, the issues on …

Judicial Moral Prophecy, Daniel B. Rice

Faculty Publications

American judges decry past moral lapses as intolerable. They paint their predecessors’ worst mistakes as tragedies that must never be allowed to happen again. When given the chance to avoid new injustices, however, judges increasingly flaunt their moral indifference. They insist that legal fidelity requires them to ignore whether their own rulings will be remembered as monstrous. But this cavalier outlook—for all its devotion to the past—is remarkably ahistorical. Feats of legal craft have never survived cultural repudiation. When precedents become morally shameful, the quality of their reasoning ceases to matter. The opinions’ authors are remembered not for the technical …

A Synthesis Of The Science And Law Relating To Eyewitness Misidentifications And Recommendations For How Police And Courts Can Reduce Wrongful Convictions Based On Them, Henry F. Fradella

Seattle University Law Review

The empirical literature on perception and memory consistently demonstrates the pitfalls of eyewitness identifications. Exoneration data lend external validity to these studies. With the goal of informing law enforcement officers, prosecutors, criminal defense attorneys, judges, and judicial law clerks about what they can do to reduce wrongful convictions based on misidentifications, this Article presents a synthesis of the scientific knowledge relevant to how perception and memory affect the (un)reliability of eyewitness identifications. The Article situates that body of knowledge within the context of leading case law. The Article then summarizes the most current recommendations for how law enforcement personnel should—and …

The Lethal Impact Of Defendant And Victim Characteristics On Capital Punishment, Mackenzie Meyer

Research Papers

The current paper reviews the key points of research on the impact of defendant race, victim race, and victim gender on capital sentencing decisions. Each of these factors, as well as a theoretical framework applicable to the factors of defendant race, victim race, and victim gender on capital sentencing decisions, are explored and examined in this effort. All of the sections are intended to complement each other and provide a more comprehensive look into how and why demographic characteristics may shape capital punishment outcomes and where to go from here. It is important to understand disparities in capital punishment because …

Case Study And Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Restorative Family Conferences In An Alternative Placement School, Linda Faye Mcghghy

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Despite the lack of research supporting zero tolerance policies and practices, these exclusionary practices and policies have resulted in the doubling of the number of students suspended from school. They contribute to exclusionary consequences and, in effect, these practices create negative academic, social and emotional outcomes for students often resulting in students entering the criminal justice system (school-to-prison-pipeline), which disproportionately impact Black students, students with disabilities, and children living in poverty. These facts are especially troubling since there is ample research that discipline practices supporting student physical, mental and social well being such as Social Emotional Learning (SEL), Multi-Tiered System …

The Blue Wall Of Conformity: The Experiences Of Marginalized Police Officers, Jamie Stephens

Research Papers

Intersectionality describes the lived experiences that are uniquely shaped by an individual’s intersecting identities. Understanding these experiences and how they vary from context to context can be insightful for society in understanding mechanisms of oppression. Police departments have historically upheld toxic masculine standards that lead to discrimination against society and those within their walls. This paper seeks to understand why marginalized officers commit to the police subculture and behave in similar fashions as their privileged counterparts despite being discriminated against on and off the job and experiencing job stress and dissatisfaction. I argue that marginalized officers commit to the culture …

Supporting The Learning Of Women Middle Eastern Students Studying Engineering In Europe, Shannon M. Chance, B. Williams, Ines Direito

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

No abstract provided.

Adopting Nationality, Irina D. Manta, Cassandra Burke Robertson

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Contrary to popular belief, when a child is adopted from abroad by an American citizen and brought to the United States, that child does not always become an American citizen. Many adoptees have not discovered until years later (sometimes far into adulthood) that they are not actually citizens, and some likely still do not know. To address this problem, the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 (CCA) was enacted to automate citizenship for certain international adoptees, but it does not cover everyone. Tens of thousands of adoptees still live under the assumption that they are American citizens when, in fact, they …

Und Leads: A Strategic Vision For The University Of North Dakota, University Of North Dakota

LEADS Implementation Documents

Official UND LEADS strategic plan for the University of North Dakota. The plan presents UND’s mission and vision, introduces the five LEADS core values of Learning, Equity, Affinity, Discovery, and Service, and outlines the strategic priorities guiding UND’s implementation work.

Patterns Of Fatal Drug Overdose_ A Multi-City Investigation Of Geospatial Correlates, Keith R. Chichester

All ETDs from UAB

Fatal drug overdoses are now the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S., responsible for over 107,600 deaths in 2021. Since 2000 the rate of overdose fatalities has increased over 140%. This epidemic has been particularly impactful in rural areas as from 2006-2016, the rural overdose death rate surpassed those in urban areas. Geospatial analytics provide an effective strategy for identifying profiles and patterns in the spatial distribution of overdose locations as well as geographic and demographic variables that associate with overdose occurrences. Furthermore, predictive risk modeling platforms allow for the identification of anticipated overdose hotspots across a geography …

Use Of Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy For Estimating Postmortem Interval, Age Of Bloodstains, Sex Og Blood Donor, And Species Differentiation, Olivia Glaze

All ETDs from UAB

Blood is a powerful form of evidence that can provide valuable information about a crime. Most commonly blood is a source of DNA, however, generating a DNA profile can be costly, time consuming, and sometimes is not possible. Consequently, it is important to have methods for gathering additional information from blood evidence. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a method commonly used in confirmatory testing of drugs, fibers, paints, and other substances of forensic interest. This method only requires a small amount of sample, is non-destructive, sample preparation is minimal, and analysis is relatively fast. Recent research …

Enhancing Racial Identity And Promoting Academic Enablers In Black Adolescent Males Through Film Viewing, Carlos Napoleon Espinoza

All ETDs from UAB

Among Black adolescent males, classroom discrimination is associated with lower academic performance, academic self-concept, and value placed on education. Although efforts aimed at eliminating racism and discrimination should be made, it is important to identify interventions that may mitigate the effects of discrimination on academic outcomes of Black adolescent males. Previously identified protective factors include positive racial socialization, positive racial identity, and Black role models. Thus, this project attempted to integrate these protective factors into a unified intervention approach in which Black role models deliver positive racial socialization messages to enhance positive racial identity and academic enablers through films. Preexisting …

Belonging: A Phenomenological Study Of Systemic Racism Experienced Among Black Students In Occupational Therapy Programs, Nardia A. Aldridge, Chloe Hill, Vanessa Johnson, Sierra Green, Cassandra Oladunni, Lillian Maglaris-Gabaldon, Victoria Madera, Ivanie Carswell

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Belonging, a crucial aspect of humanity and justice, is negated by racism. Formal analyses have shown that racial and ethnic minorities experience significantly higher rates of racial discrimination, with the greatest disparity being among Blacks. Incidences of racism toward healthcare professionals of color indicate that comprehensive and unbiased academic content is warranted in occupational therapy education. This study explored the lived experiences of systemic racism among Black occupational therapy students and their preparation to deal with racism and bias within didactic and clinical settings. This study featured a phenomenological design with data collection through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Transcripts …

Privacy And National Politics: Fingerprint And Dna Litigation In Japan And The United States Compared, Dongsheng Zang

Articles

Drawing cases from two related areas of law-fingerprint and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) data-this Article proposes a modified framework, built on the Balkin-Levinson emphasis on national politics: First, national politics understood as partisan rivalry cannot account for what I call doctrinal lock-in in this Article, where I will demonstrate that in different stages of American politics-the Lochner era, the New Deal era, and Civil Rights era-courts across the nation ruled predominantly in favor of public data collectors-state and federal law enforcement in fingerprint cases. From the 1990s, when DNA data became hot targets of law enforcement, the United States Supreme Court …