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Criminal Justice Roundtable | Celebrating 60 Years Of Gideon V. Wainwright And The Right To Counsel, Criminal Justice Institute

Criminal Justice Institute

April 19, 2023

Bearing Witness: Testimony And Transitional Justice In The Aftermath Of Mass Violence, Stephen Cody, Eric Stover

Suffolk University Law School Faculty Works

The act of telling one’s story in a post-conflict setting—whether as a witness testifying in a criminal trial, recounting events before a truth commission, or speaking up at a community meeting—demands resolution and courage. This chapter explores the role testimony plays in transitional justice processes after mass violence. Psychological, social, and political factors, as well as the nature of the violence itself, influence witness testimony and memorialisation. Collective memories of violence evolve as societies pass through processes of social reconstruction and community reckoning. The chapter provides guidance to court investigators and researchers about the complexities of survivors’ testimonies and the …

Rethinking" Risk" In Algorithmic Systems Through A Computational Narrative Analysis Of Casenotes In Child-Welfare, Devansh Saxena, Erina Seh-Young Moon, Aryan Chaurasia, Yixin Guan, Shion Guha

Health Services and Informatics Research

No abstract provided.

Spectrum, Volume 50, Issue 10, Sacred Heart University

Newspapers (Obelisk & Spectrum)

Highlights include: The State of Gun Control in America -- Trump Brings in “A+” Defense Lawyers for Indictment -- Spend Less and Study More at the Library: “SHU Reads for Free” textbook program -- Need a Doctor? They’re Right Down the Street! -- Students Banding Together with Green Bandana Project -- Remembering Audrey Niblo -- A Healthy Spin on Cycling Classes -- Art From Inside the Cell -- Women’s Lacrosse Undefeated in Conference Play.

The Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse On Children With Autism, Octavia Daniels-White, Joanna Odom, Mariela Wilthew

Graduate Research Conference

The purpose of conducting this research was to understand the effects of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) on children with autism, and how behaviors attributed with CSA easily get mistaken as behaviors attributed with autism, leaving them more vulnerable to CSA. The research question used in this study is: How does Child Sexual abuse affect children with autism? This paper is a systematic review, which entailed using a sampling of professional and scholarly articles published in recent years to answer a question or understand a subject matter, in this context being the effects of CSA, with the focus demographic being children …

Racial Diversity And Law Firm Economics, Jack Thorlin

Arkansas Law Review

There is an eternal temptation to think that if one recognizes a moral problem and does something about it, then one is blameless even if the action taken does not solve the problem. We usually recognize that it is absurd to credit intent when the disconnect from results is vast—consider the rightfully mocked tendency of people to respond to tragedies by declaring that their “thoughts and prayers” are with the victims rather than taking any meaningful step to ameliorate their suffering. People still engage in such posturing because the behavior benefits them in several ways: (a) others see that the …

Adverse Childhood Experiences And College Major, Rachel Held

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Applied

Do Perceptions Of Guilt Vary As A Function Of Defendant Race And Crime Type? A Mock Crime Experiment, Elizabeth Murken, Rochelle Bergstrom

Student Academic Conference

Much past research has studied racial discrimination in the criminal justice system. Past research in 1983 by Sunnafrank and Fontes studied facial images and crimes and matched faces and crimes to correlate stereotypical crimes. Later research in 2003 by Jones and Kaplan furthered this research by comparing stereotypical crimes and non-stereotypical crimes. This study furthers Jones and Kaplan’s study by comparing different stereotypical crimes for the black defendant and not comparing a non-stereotypical crime.

Approved Courses 4-18-23, Angela Brock

Individual Course Committee (ICC)

No abstract provided.

Advertising To Reduce Public Stigma And Its Associated Consequences For Medical Marijuana Patients, Jack Tishkevich

Honors Projects in Marketing

Medical marijuana patients must contend not just with their maladies, but with the social stigma surrounding marijuana use as well. This study hypothesizes that advertising can be used to positively influence individual’s acceptance of medical marijuana. It seeks to answer the questions: Can persuasive advertising be used to reduce stigma surrounding medical marijuana? Which advertising method is most effective in this persuasive process? To find the answer, a between subject, factorial design experiment is used. One of six randomized advertisements are shown to participants in a 3x2 (pathos, logos, ethos x guilt and shame) design. Participants opinions on the advertisement …

Community College Presidents And Campus Safety: Perspectives On Critical Issues, Chad C. Sartini, Dennis E. Gregory, Kim E. Bullington, Mitchell Williams, Joshua Howell, William L. Nuckols, Minghui Hou

Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges

Community college presidents must understand the phenomenon of campus safety. For this mixed-methods study, community college presidents in one state were surveyed, and three presidents from the same community college system participated in in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics measured the levels community college presidents’ knowledge and perceptions on campus safety. The in-depth interviews provided a deeper understanding of the connections between community college presidents and campus safety.

Overall, the results show that campus safety is important to community college presidents, who believe that, overall, their institutions are safe. We found that community college presidents believe they should be proactive and reinforce …

An Experimental Look At Reasonable Suspicion And Police Discretion, Kyle Mclean, Justin Nix, Seth W. Stoughton, Ian T. Adams, Geoffrey P. Alpert

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Purpose

This study aims to demonstrate the need for further examination of legal judgments and the exercise of discretion in policing.

Design/methodology/approach

A factorial vignette survey with traffic stop scenarios based on US Court of Appeals decisions was administered to 396 police officers across six states. Officers were asked to indicate their assessment of the presence of reasonable suspicion and the likelihood that they would extend the stop for investigatory purposes.

Findings

Officers' reasonable suspicion judgments are significantly influenced by the vignette facts and align with court ruling expectations. However, even in the presence of reasonable suspicion, responses indicate a …

Icc Agenda 4-18-23, Angela Brock

Individual Course Committee (ICC)

No abstract provided.

Recidivism Rates In The United States Versus Europe: How And Why Are They Different?, Madalyn Hayden

Honors Theses

Recidivism rates in the United States (70%) are almost triple that of most European countries (20% in Norway). The question that this project aims to answer is “How and Why are Recidivism Rates in the United States and Europe Different?”. High recidivism rates like the ones we have in the United States indicate that a criminal justice system is perpetuating a crime cycle, rather than rehabilitating or reforming its prisoners. High recidivism rates in the United States are first and foremost caused by high incarceration rates and high juvenile incarceration rates. Other causes are a focus on punishment in our …

Q&A: W&M Law Professor Jeffrey Bellin On 'Mass Incarceration Nation', W&M Law School Staff, Jeffrey Bellin

Popular Media

No abstract provided.

The Link April 18, 2023, Access To Justice Institute

The Link Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Police-Generated Evidence In Bail Hearings: Generating Criminality And Mass Pretrial Incarceration In Canada, Jillian Rogin

Dalhousie Law Journal

Systemic racism in policing impacts many aspects of the criminal legal system including the system of judicial interim release. This paper traces the ways in which reliance on police-created evidence at bail hearings might contribute to mass pretrial incarceration in Canada which is disproportionately felt by Indigenous, Black, and marginalized people. The police synopsis and police-created criminal records are state knowledge created for state purposes. This state-created evidence in fact generates race and racialization; all of the structural inequalities built into the system of policing become relied on at bail hearings through police-created evidence which contributes to mass pretrial incarceration …

The Compass, Issue 10, Arcadia University Honors Program

The Compass

No abstract provided.

Smss, Gaming, Social Media, And Cyber Trafficking, Rachel Held

Liberty University Research Week

Undergraduate

Theoretical Proposal

Exploring The Influence Of County Government Collective Bargaining On High-Performance Work Practices, Jay Peno

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative multicase study was to identify and describe the high-performance work practices (HPWP) of county government management lead negotiators who have negotiated in the collective bargaining agreement (CBA). In addition, it was the purpose of this study to describe the challenges and benefits of negotiating HPWP in the CBA as perceived by management lead negotiators. Lastly, it was the purpose of this study to identify and describe the strategies used by management lead negotiators to mitigate challenges when negotiating HPWP in the CBA.

Methodology: A qualitative multiple-case study methodology was used. I conducted semistructured, in-depth …

The Utah Statesman, April 17, 2023, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

De-Escalation Training: An Evidence-Based Practice To Reduce Force And Increase Legitimacy, Morgan Steele, Tamara Lynn

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Police officers must approach volatile situations that may escalate on a frequent basis. As first responders, they often do not have the luxury of ignoring conflict in public and must work to resolve the situation. However, officers’ presence may inadvertently escalate situations, leading to coercive responses, injury, or worse. The National De-Escalation Training Center (NDTC) has received $4.75 million dollars to provide de-escalation training that incorporates rapid personality assessment, mental health issue recognition, and situational awareness built on a procedural justice foundation. Using data from the first year of trainings conducted across the U.S., we have found that NDTC training …

Prison Rape And Sexual Assault: Prevalence, Vulnerabilities And System Responses, Kylee Synovec, April Terry

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

According to a Department of Justice report, more than 200,000 incarcerated persons are sexually assaulted in the United States every year. Some incarcerated people are at greater risk for prison sexual abuse, including groups such as women, those identifying as LGTBTQ+, and youth. Prison rape and sexual assault is not limited to inmate-on-inmate abuse; rather, studies find equivalent offending rates for both incarcerated people and facility staff. Many barriers exist to reporting the abuse, including, but not limited to, being ashamed, fearing the perpetrator’s response, and concern for retaliation by staff. If an incarcerated person makes a report, perpetrators are …

A Gender- Based And Trauma-Informed Approach To Incarceration, Megan Shepard

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

For decades, women's imprisonment rate has grown twice as high as men's. Enforcement of low-level drug charges and low-level, nonviolent offenses is one of the contributing factors to the increase. Literature indicates that incarcerated women tend to experience poly-victimization and adverse childhood experiences, which causes severe mental health issues and risk behaviors. These adverse experiences compound with the harsh environment of imprisonment that further post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD) and depression. Incarceration of women disrupts family systems within their community and creates an influx within their child welfare system. There is a lack of gender-specific reentry programs for incarcerated women. …

Trauma-Informed Court, April Terry, Ziwei Qi

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Trauma-informed practices recognize the widespread impact of trauma on individuals and the need to deliver services that avoid re-traumatization. In the context of the mainstream court system, trauma-informed care is crucial for ensuring that individuals who have experienced trauma are treated with compassion and understanding. Trauma-informed care can help court officials recognize the signs and symptoms of trauma, including the triggers that can cause individuals to experience distress, anxiety, or other mental health challenges, and take steps to address those triggers. The purpose of this research is to map the degree and extent of trauma-informed practices in two judicial districts …

Economic Empowerment For Victims Of Ipv In Rural Areas, Loganne Ditter

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a current epidemic affecting women around the country. One in three women will experience sexual assault, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in her lifetime (Showalter, 2016). IPV can take many forms including physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and economic abuse and can have serious impacts on one’s health. Within IPV research, there have been unique barriers identified in rural areas. These communities have a significant lack of resources including hospitals, domestic violence shelters, and providers that provide trauma-informed care. Recent literature has suggested economic empowerment approaches to promoting an end to IPV in …

Being An Educator: Norwegian Prison Officers’ Conception Of Their Role Regarding Incarcerated Persons’ Education, Helene Marie K. Eide, Kariane Therese Westrheim

Journal of Prison Education and Reentry (2014-2023)

Despite the fact that prison officers are close to the incarcerated persons in everyday life in prison, and therefore will have great impact and influence on the incarcerated persons’ understanding of and motivation for education and training in prison, we still know little about prison officers understanding of their professional role regarding incarcerated persons’ education. This article will investigate how Norwegian prison officers understand their importance as educational actors through the following research question: How do Norwegian prison officers understand their role as actors in incarcerated persons’ education? Building on qualitative interviews with 16 Norwegian prison officers’ the article analyses …

The Rider (2023-04-17), Verilu Infante

The Rider Archives

Vol.8 No.26

Perceptions Of And Approaches To Social Support Exchange While On Probation And Parole, Andrea Giuffre

Dissertations

The vast number of individuals on community supervision (i.e., probation and parole) remains at around 4.5 million Americans and suggests a need for research that delves deep into the nature of challenges faced by this population. Research demonstrates individuals on community supervision tend to rely on others for and provide social support to manage the challenges and conditions of community supervision. Simultaneously, many criminological theories incorporate elements of social support and speak to the importance of social relationships as predictors of criminal behavior, but less is known about the mechanisms underpinning social support exchange. Examination of the delivery and perceptions …

Reproductive Healthcare For Incarcerated Women, Zoe Caldwell, April Terry

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

For years, incarcerated women have received less attention and care than incarcerated men. This problem is especially disparate when responding to the reproductive healthcare of incarcerated women. Most jails and prisons do not distinguish between men’s and women’s healthcare—assuming a one-size fits all approach. Within most jails, pregnancy tests are not administered upon admission and rely on self-report, resulting in a knowledge gap on prevalence rates. Women may not report due to being unaware; they may also be reluctant to disclose due to fear of intervention by child welfare services. Lack of awareness and/or comfort, coupled with minimal healthcare options, …