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Articles 24391 - 24420 of 27190
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Social Media Bot Detection With Deep Learning Methods: A Systematic Review, Kadhim Hayawi, Susmita Saha, Mohammad Mehedy Masud, Sujith Samuel Mathew, Mohammed Kaosar
Social Media Bot Detection With Deep Learning Methods: A Systematic Review, Kadhim Hayawi, Susmita Saha, Mohammad Mehedy Masud, Sujith Samuel Mathew, Mohammed Kaosar
All Works
Social bots are automated social media accounts governed by software and controlled by humans at the backend. Some bots have good purposes, such as automatically posting information about news and even to provide help during emergencies. Nevertheless, bots have also been used for malicious purposes, such as for posting fake news or rumour spreading or manipulating political campaigns. There are existing mechanisms that allow for detection and removal of malicious bots automatically. However, the bot landscape changes as the bot creators use more sophisticated methods to avoid being detected. Therefore, new mechanisms for discerning between legitimate and bot accounts are …
Bypassing Multiple Security Layers Using Malicious Usb Human Interface Device, Mathew Nicho, Ibrahim Sabry
Bypassing Multiple Security Layers Using Malicious Usb Human Interface Device, Mathew Nicho, Ibrahim Sabry
All Works
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) enabled devices acts as a trusted tool for data interchange, interface, and storage for the computer systems through Human Interface Devices (HID) namely the keyboard, mouse, headphone, storage media and peripherals that use the USB port. However, with billions of USB enabled devices currently in use today, the attacker’s potential to seamlessly leverage this device to perform malicious activities by bypassing security layers presents serious risk to systems administrators. The paper thus presents a comprehensive review of the multiple attacks that can be leveraged using USB devices and the corresponding vulnerabilities including countermeasures. This is …
Food Waste Storage Gaseous Emissions Detection And Quantification Using Infrared Spectroscopy, Ryley A. Burton-Tauzer
Food Waste Storage Gaseous Emissions Detection And Quantification Using Infrared Spectroscopy, Ryley A. Burton-Tauzer
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
A growing interest in sustainable waste management and the implementation of new policies have prompted a shift towards alternative resource recovery methods for organic waste, including food waste. To effectively assess alternative food waste treatment scenarios, it is important to evaluate the life cycle impacts associated with each scenario. The storage phase of food waste, encompassing its accumulation in kitchens, and storage in bins for collection and transportation, has been overlooked as a source of greenhouse gases in previous studies. This investigation aimed to identify the greenhouse gases emitted during the initial five-day period of low-oxygen storage. An open dynamic …
Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers As Forensic Biomarkers For Burned Skin Vitality In Rats, Ola A. Habotta, Ahmed Ateya, Ahmed Abdeen, Iman Ibrahim, Mohamed M. Badawy, Ahmed M. Zeina
Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers As Forensic Biomarkers For Burned Skin Vitality In Rats, Ola A. Habotta, Ahmed Ateya, Ahmed Abdeen, Iman Ibrahim, Mohamed M. Badawy, Ahmed M. Zeina
Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal
Objective: In forensic practice, the diagnosis of whether a skin injury is inflicted in life or not is a challenging research topic. Therefore, new reliable biomarkers of vitality are urgently required. In this study, biochemical, molecular and histopathological techniques were used to explore the role of oxidative stress biomarkers in differentiating antemortem from postmortem burn injury. Design, animals and procedures: Eighteen male rats were allocated to three groups: normal unburnt group, antemortem burn group and postmortem burn group. Results: The analysis of skin specimens revealed a notable increase in MDA levels together with a decrease in GSH and TAC in …
Neutral And Charged Bis(Triarylamines) For Use In Grid Scale Battery Technologies, Taylor Matthews
Neutral And Charged Bis(Triarylamines) For Use In Grid Scale Battery Technologies, Taylor Matthews
Online Theses and Dissertations
Energy storage systems allow flexibility in control and maintenance of the electric grid while integrating renewable energy resources to mitigate carbon emissions. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are stationary energy storage systems that convert chemical energy to electrical energy by charge-transfer reactions. Designing molecules that are capable of stable multi-electron redox reactions per active-species molecule can increase the efficiency of future systems. Spectroelectrochemistry, the combination of spectroscopy and electrochemistry, allows for quantitative and qualitative analyses of electron-transfer processes. The focus of this research is to use optical and electrochemical properties obtained from spectroelectrochemistry to determine the stability of neutral and charge …
Knowledge About Vitamin D Among Women In The United Arab Emirates, Sharifa Alblooshi, Fatme Al Anouti, Rafiq Hijazi
Knowledge About Vitamin D Among Women In The United Arab Emirates, Sharifa Alblooshi, Fatme Al Anouti, Rafiq Hijazi
All Works
Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health issue as it affects almost 90% of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population. A bigger portion of this percentage is women due to the physiological changes throughout their life cycle. This study aims to assess the knowledge about vitamin D among women in the UAE. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Using snowball sampling, an electronic questionnaire was sent to women aged 18 years and above. Overall, 1537 women completed the questionnaire. The participants had mean scores of 49.4 ± 10.7 and 59.6 ± 14.6 for general and nutritional knowledge, respectively. Factors …
Availability Of Disability Specialists For Students With Vision Or Hearing Impairment In The United Arab Emirates: Current Status And Future Needs, Muna Mohamed Alhammadi
Availability Of Disability Specialists For Students With Vision Or Hearing Impairment In The United Arab Emirates: Current Status And Future Needs, Muna Mohamed Alhammadi
All Works
Purpose: This study aims to identify the disability specialists currently needed for students with vision or hearing impairment in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It also aims to identify the university-level training courses available for these specialists. Materials and methods: This study adopted a mixed-methods design. The qualitative strand involved a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 employees of 10 UAE organizations providing support services to students with vision or hearing impairment. The quantitative strand determined the number of disability-related degree courses offered at UAE universities from 2018 to 2020. Results: The interviewees revealed that students with visual …
Flow Theory In The Actor's Process: Can The Pursuit Of Optimal Experience Alleviate Anxiety?, Kimberly (Kimber) King
Flow Theory In The Actor's Process: Can The Pursuit Of Optimal Experience Alleviate Anxiety?, Kimberly (Kimber) King
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Using techniques from acting scholars and practitioners, this practice as research study seeks to lesson anxiety in actors by measuring the actor's preparation, rehearsal and performance process against each of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's conditions of flow. Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory describes flow as an "optimal experience" in which a person is so invested in their goals, there is "no threat for the self to defend against" (M. Csikszentmihalyi 76). His research identified conditions that when present, can induce a state of flow. However, actors can be plagued by negative thoughts and self-consciousness. While a certain amount of anxiety is expected and normal, …
Creative Collaborations: An Arts Integrated Educational Business, Michele Perkins
Creative Collaborations: An Arts Integrated Educational Business, Michele Perkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
One of the main reasons I have been attracted to the world of theatre is its versatility. Theatre incorporates many other disciplines: Science, Mathematics, History, Language, Philosophy, and Psychology to name a few. I have always had daydreams about running a school program that utilizes a play as the unifying force behind the research and application of traditional academic subject. When I first started as an English teacher, I created many projects that incorporated other disciplines, such as creative writing, acting, and music. When I began teaching theatre, I began to focus solely on skills that applied to theatre. I …
Automated Machine Learning: Intellient Binning Data Preparation And Regularized Regression Classfier, Jianbin Zhu
Automated Machine Learning: Intellient Binning Data Preparation And Regularized Regression Classfier, Jianbin Zhu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Automated machine learning (AutoML) has become a new trend which is the process of automating the complete pipeline from the raw dataset to the development of machine learning model. It not only can relief data scientists' works but also allows non-experts to finish the jobs without solid knowledge and understanding of statistical inference and machine learning. One limitation of AutoML framework is the data quality differs significantly batch by batch. Consequently, fitted model quality for some batches of data can be very poor due to distribution shift for some numerical predictors. In this dissertation, we develop an intelligent binning to …
Compact And High Optical Efficiency Near-Eye Displays With Liquid Crystal Flat Optics, Junyu Zou
Compact And High Optical Efficiency Near-Eye Displays With Liquid Crystal Flat Optics, Junyu Zou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Since the concepts of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) were introduced, they have attracted people's attention worldwide, both in the industry and research areas. As the most promising hardware architecture that can bring AR/VR into daily life, near eye displays (NEDs) have been studied and investigated heavily over the past half-century, especially the concept of "Metaverse" introduced by some top companies in recent years. However, the form factor and optical efficiency are two major bottlenecks for the current NEDs before they can become the major platform. Liquid crystal (LC) flat optics have several advantages, including compact, high diffraction …
Menu Recommendation System Using Machine Learning, Kelly Crystine Ferreira Jesus, Leo Jaime Kayser Macieski
Menu Recommendation System Using Machine Learning, Kelly Crystine Ferreira Jesus, Leo Jaime Kayser Macieski
ICT
Developing a recommendation menu system for restaurants based on the restaurant data and/or city food purchase data to help and change the way restaurants build their menu. Using Data Analysis and Machine Learning to build a project that aims to solve the problem of restaurants and chefs when it comes to preparing menus, the latter with ingredients and dishes that encourage their customers to order more, come back and recommend the restaurant. Helping chefs to create dishes for their restaurants with more accuracy and higher probability to be ordered by their customers. The project will cover tools to build the …
Wear Behavior Of In-Situ Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Fe-8ni Alloy With Zr Additions, Mustafa Tekin, Faiz Muhaffel, Hasan Kotan, Murat Baydoğan
Wear Behavior Of In-Situ Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Fe-8ni Alloy With Zr Additions, Mustafa Tekin, Faiz Muhaffel, Hasan Kotan, Murat Baydoğan
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
In this study, in-situ oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Fe91Ni8Zr1 and Fe88Ni8Zr4 alloys were produced by combination of high energy mechanical alloying (HEMA) and high temperature equal channel angular extrusion (HT-ECAE). The wear behaviors of the consolidated samples were investigated under different loads from 1 N to 4 N by reciprocating wear tests at room temperature. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the wear tracks to analyze the wear characteristics as a function of applied loads. The relative comparison of the wear results showed that under the lower loads of 1 N and 2 N, Fe88Ni8Zr4 alloy has …
Investigations Of Structural Modifications, Physical And Optical Properties Of Lead Boro-Tellurite Glasses Doped With Europium Trioxide For Possible Optical Switching Applications, G. V. Jagadeesha Gowda, G. V. Ashok Reddy, Bheemaiah Eraiah, Chinnappa Reddy Devaraja
Investigations Of Structural Modifications, Physical And Optical Properties Of Lead Boro-Tellurite Glasses Doped With Europium Trioxide For Possible Optical Switching Applications, G. V. Jagadeesha Gowda, G. V. Ashok Reddy, Bheemaiah Eraiah, Chinnappa Reddy Devaraja
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
This manuscript intends to the structural modifications, and physical and optical properties of a set of heavy metal alkali boro-tellurite glasses doped with Eu2O3. These glasses were produced by a conservative melt-quenching method. The existence of non-crystalline properties in the glasses was ascertained by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural modifications were noticed by MAS-NMR spectroscopic investigation. Physical properties such as density, molar volume, oxygen packing density, average boron-boron separation, interionic distance, and polaron radius have been calculated by a suitable approach. The optical absorption studies were made through UV-visible absorption spectroscopy in the 350 nm to 800 nm wavelength range. …
Preparation Of Ga2o3-Modified Sulfated Zirconia Mesopore And Its Application On Cellobiose Hydrolysis, Addy Rachmat, Rizki Dwifahmi, Nova Yuliasari, Ady Mara, Desnelli Desnelli
Preparation Of Ga2o3-Modified Sulfated Zirconia Mesopore And Its Application On Cellobiose Hydrolysis, Addy Rachmat, Rizki Dwifahmi, Nova Yuliasari, Ady Mara, Desnelli Desnelli
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Heterogeneous catalyst plays vital role in biomass processing due to slow rate of biological and naturally pathway processes. Solid acid sulfated zirconia (SZ) is a promising catalyst with properties that can be tuned up. Sulfated zirconia was successfully modified by 2%, 5% and 10% (wt.) Ga2O3 (xGa-SZ; x = 2, 5 and 10) via template-assisted sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized through various method (XRD, SEM-EDS and Gas Sorption analysis) and applied on hydrolysis of cellobiose, a model compound of cellulose. Diffraction pattern showed xGa-SZ formed completely tetragonal phase whereas un-promoted SZ contains mixed phase of monoclinic and tetragonal. Acidity …
Quantum-Based First-Principles Study Of Gas Molecules (O2 , Co2 , No2 ) Interaction On Monolayer Germanene, Arief Hermanto, Harmon Prayogi, Ari Dwi Nugraheni, Juliasih Partini, Sholihun Sholihun
Quantum-Based First-Principles Study Of Gas Molecules (O2 , Co2 , No2 ) Interaction On Monolayer Germanene, Arief Hermanto, Harmon Prayogi, Ari Dwi Nugraheni, Juliasih Partini, Sholihun Sholihun
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
We perform calculations of the adsorption energy of O2, CO2, and NO2 molecules on germanene by using the density functional theory (DFT). We find two favorable configurations for O2, the U-site and V-site configurations with similar adsorption energies of -4.10 and -4.32 eV. As for NO2, we find two favorable configurations, the T-site and DB-site configurations. The T-site configuration is 0.98 eV more stable than the IB-site one, and both configurations are chemically adsorbed by germanene. On the contrary for CO2, we find a T-site configuration with adsorption energy of 0.42 eV and the configuration physically adsorbed by germanene.
Fake News Detection Using Natural Language Processing, Fabiolla Mayrink Costa, Rael Guimaraes
Fake News Detection Using Natural Language Processing, Fabiolla Mayrink Costa, Rael Guimaraes
ICT
Nowadays with the advance of technologies we have vast access to any sort of information. We are able to use our phone/computer to access the news of any part of the world. It is great to keep us informed about everything that is happening around the world. It is also a powerful tool used for companies while making strategic business decisions. The biggest issue is that technology can and is being used to manipulate people/companies by propagating fake news. Fake news can mislead people's perceptions while forming opinions on a determined subject. It can also have a big impact on …
Comments Of The Cordell Institute On Ai Accountability, Neil M. Richards, Woodrow Hartzog, Jordan Francis
Comments Of The Cordell Institute On Ai Accountability, Neil M. Richards, Woodrow Hartzog, Jordan Francis
Scholarship@WashULaw
These comments are a response to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's 2023 request for comment on AI accountability (AI Accountability RFC, NTIA–2023–0005).
Responding to NTIA’s recent inquiry into AI assurance and accountability, we offer two main arguments regarding the importance of substantive legal protections. First, a myopic focus on concepts of transparency, bias mitigation, and ethics (for which procedural compliance efforts such as audits, assessments, and certifications are proxies) is insufficient when it comes to the design and implementation of accountable AI systems. We call rules built around transparency and bias mitigation “AI half-measures,” because they provide the appearance …
Cultivating Connection: Fanua And Environmental Stewardship In Samoan Youth, Julia Stern , '25
Cultivating Connection: Fanua And Environmental Stewardship In Samoan Youth, Julia Stern , '25
Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards
This study explores how the concept of fanua is cultivated in Samoan youth. Fanua can be simply defined as land, but the term more deeply encompasses the inherent and reciprocal connection between Samoans and their natural environment. In a world increasingly disconnected with the natural world due to technology and globalization, Samoans have been able to maintain a strong connection with their environment. This study looks at the family, the formal schooling system, and other lived experiences of Samoan youth as mechanisms through which fanua is taught and learned. Eleven talanoa sessions were conducted with teachers, parents, and Samoan youth …
Are Lawyers’ Case Selection Decisions Biased? A Field Experiment On Access To Justice, Jens Frankenreiter, Michael A. Livermore
Are Lawyers’ Case Selection Decisions Biased? A Field Experiment On Access To Justice, Jens Frankenreiter, Michael A. Livermore
Scholarship@WashULaw
The attorney-client relationship is pivotal in providing access to courts. This paper presents results from a large-scale field experiment exploring how demographic information (encoded in potential clients’ names) affects how attorneys respond to initial inquiries in private injury cases. On the basis of prior literature, we hypothesize that race is a significant factor, but we also explore race and gender interactions. We find that ostensibly Black or Hispanic inquirers receive fewer responses than ostensibly White inquirers, a result largely driven by preferential treatment of White female inquirers. The racial disparities are larger than those previously documented in contexts such as …
Natural Language Processing In Legal Tech, Jens Frankenreiter, Julian Nyarko
Natural Language Processing In Legal Tech, Jens Frankenreiter, Julian Nyarko
Scholarship@WashULaw
Natural language processing techniques promise to automate an activity that lies at the core of many tasks performed by lawyers, namely the extraction and processing of information from unstructured text. The relevant methods are thought to be a key ingredient for both current and future legal tech applications. This chapter provides a non-technical overview of the current state of NLP techniques, focusing on their promise and potential pitfalls in the context of legal tech applications. It argues that, while NLP-powered legal tech can be expected to outperform humans in specific categories of tasks that play to the strengths of current …
Technology In The Classroom And Its Impacts On Student Achievement, Vivian Cummins
Technology In The Classroom And Its Impacts On Student Achievement, Vivian Cummins
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
In this paper, we will discuss the issue regarding student achievement at Frenchtown High School that I decided to research and remedy. In doing so, we will also discuss the research-based methods of intervention I chose to implement in my classroom in order to assist me with my research.
The Impact Of Teacher Student Relationship On The Academic, Behavioral And Socioemotional Growth And Development Of Students Aged Pre-K To 12, Graciella Arrascue
The Impact Of Teacher Student Relationship On The Academic, Behavioral And Socioemotional Growth And Development Of Students Aged Pre-K To 12, Graciella Arrascue
Education Theses
Fostering strong relationships with students is a pedagogical approach which can benefit both students and teachers. This research analyzed the application of this methodology in classrooms with students aged pre-k to 12. Based on this research, teacher student relationships can positively benefit student outcomes in academic, behavioral, and social emotional areas. The findings show how to establish these strong relationships, how relationships are a tool for classroom management and how relationships affect student motivation.
Negotiating Infrastructural Citizenship Beyond The State: Philanthropy, Non-Profit Organizations, And The Flint Water Crisis, Melissa Heil
Negotiating Infrastructural Citizenship Beyond The State: Philanthropy, Non-Profit Organizations, And The Flint Water Crisis, Melissa Heil
Faculty Publications - Geography, Geology, and the Environment
The urban infrastructure literature has explored how infrastructure is tied to the politics of citizenship: states’ use of infrastructure to include/exclude populations and marginalized populations’ use of infrastructure to claim fuller citizenship. Often, this literature focuses on the relationship between governments and city dwellers, neglecting the role of other actors, like NGOs and philanthropic organizations, that influence infrastructural citizenship. A hallmark of neoliberalism in the Global North has been the transfer of responsibilities from the state to the non-profit sector, increasing these organizations’ power to shape urban citizenship. This paper examines how non-profit organizations participate in the politics of infrastructural …
A Geospatial Approach To Assessing The Impact Of Agroecological Knowledge And Practice On Crop Health In A Smallholder Agricultural Context, Daniel Kpienbaareh, Jinfei Wang, Isaac Luginaah, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Esther Lupafya, Laifolo Dakishoni
A Geospatial Approach To Assessing The Impact Of Agroecological Knowledge And Practice On Crop Health In A Smallholder Agricultural Context, Daniel Kpienbaareh, Jinfei Wang, Isaac Luginaah, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Esther Lupafya, Laifolo Dakishoni
Faculty Publications - Geography, Geology, and the Environment
In the context of food insecurity in resource-poor settings, agroecology (AE) has emerged as an important approach promoted for improving crop productivity, yet few studies have demonstrated how a combination of agroecological methods can improve crop health and thereby crop productivity. Using a geospatial approach, this study investigated whether agroecological practices can improve crop health in smallholder contexts. We compared leaf area indexes (LAIs) of crops on AE and non-AE farms and prospectively predicted the impact of AE using vegetation indexes (VIs). We found that crops on AE farms produced higher average growing season LAIs for maize and pigeon peas …
People Move, Policies Don’T: Discursive Partition Against Climate-Impacted Dwellers In Urbanizing Bangladesh, Efadul Huq, Tanzil Shafique
People Move, Policies Don’T: Discursive Partition Against Climate-Impacted Dwellers In Urbanizing Bangladesh, Efadul Huq, Tanzil Shafique
Environmental Science and Policy: Faculty Publications
In Bangladesh, internal climate displacement will continue pushing millions to the urbanizing centres where migrants make homes in informal settlements. These settlements, too, are sites for climate hazards such as heat stress and flooding, affecting climate-displaced and economic migrants alike. The demands of growing migrant populations and long-term informal settlement dwellers converge around rights to secure land and housing, acknowledged in policies at both national and urban scales. Yet, settlements continue to face evictions, revealing a significant mismatch between policy aspirations and concrete urban planning strategies. Based on our ongoing research in the informal settlements of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we point …
Food Fan Academy: Boosting Informal Educators Abilities To Use Food As A Teaching Tool, Kelly Furr
Food Fan Academy: Boosting Informal Educators Abilities To Use Food As A Teaching Tool, Kelly Furr
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Introduction: Food, fitness, and nutrition (FAN) professional development (PD) for informal educators can serve to impact science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics, and medicine (STEAM+M) learning environments. Using food as a teaching tool in shaping the development of informal educators and education of students offers a unique opportunity for the acquisition of scientific knowledge and essential skills. The purpose of this study was to develop a Food FAN Academy for informal educators and evaluate the effectiveness of the PD. Methods: Case study method was utilized for the research study and the Food FAN Academy PD was a two-hour session designed in …
Effectiveness Of The Catch (Coordinated Approach To Child’S Health) Rainbow Program In Elementary Schools For Change In Fruit And Vegetable Intake, Ashley M. Valinskas
Effectiveness Of The Catch (Coordinated Approach To Child’S Health) Rainbow Program In Elementary Schools For Change In Fruit And Vegetable Intake, Ashley M. Valinskas
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Background: There is currently a lack of nutrition education programs that effectively increase fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among children. Not meeting the recommendations for fruits and vegetables increases the risk for poor academic achievement, obesity, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, asthma, and more. Nutrition, cooking, and gardening lessons individually and together have shown to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in school-aged children.Methods: Two-Hundred Twenty-five 4th and 5th graders participated in six cooking and six gardening lessons between September 2021 and May 2022 at Genoa Elementary school. Each nutrition education session was 25-minutes long, …
Applications For Functional Data Analysis, Kacy D. Kane
Applications For Functional Data Analysis, Kacy D. Kane
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Functional Data Analysis is often used in the study of data that exists over a continuum, such as time. There are two datasets that will be considered here. For the first study we have a dataset on the efficacy of a lobectomy in reduction or elimination of epileptic seizures in patients. After an initial analysis of the dataset from a multinomial model perspective, we found that there were outliers in our dataset. From there, we considered a Multinomial Mixture Model to aid in the detection of outliers. In our second dataset we are considering a social robotics dataset where the …
Macroeconomic Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment In Some Selected Countries In Africa, Richard Essel Mensah
Macroeconomic Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment In Some Selected Countries In Africa, Richard Essel Mensah
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
This paper investigates the possible factors that influence foreign direct investment inflow rate to Africa after controlling for other macroeconomic factors. Using the heterogenous Toeplitz mixed method on a sample of 23 countries from 1998 – 2020, we find evidence of the statistical significance of a relationship between the amount of trade done in Africa and the FDI inflow rate in Africa. We also find a statistical relationship between the labor force participation rate and the FDI inflow rate to Africa. Although the Fixed effect and GLM method did not find the relationship between LFP rate and FDI inflow to …