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2023

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Following The Paper Trail: An Ethnoecology Of Hand Papermaking Traditions, James Ojascastro Dec 2023

Following The Paper Trail: An Ethnoecology Of Hand Papermaking Traditions, James Ojascastro

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Plants and their fibers have served as simple yet incredibly versatile raw materials for innovation for as long as humans have been on the planet. As the principal structural building blocks of plant cell walls, these hollow, cellulosic fibers have been co-opted by cultures around the world to meet diverse structural, absorptive, motile, and thermoregulatory needs—especially as textiles and paper. Despite (or because of!) this versatility, fibers vary considerably in physiology, and ethnographic records show that very few plant species have been chosen by tradition for use in fiber products. Surprisingly, no fiber ethnobotany study to date has attempted to …

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Monte Carlo Generation Of Localized Particle Trajectories, Ivan Ahumada, James P. Edwards Dec 2023

Monte Carlo Generation Of Localized Particle Trajectories, Ivan Ahumada, James P. Edwards

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

We introduce modifications to Monte Carlo simulations of the Feynman path integral that improve sampling of localized interactions. The algorithms generate trajectories in simple background potentials designed to concentrate them around the interaction region, reminiscent of importance sampling. This improves statistical sampling of the system and overcomes a long-time undersampling problem caused by the spatial diffusion inherent in Brownian motion. We prove the validity of our approach using previous analytic work on the distribution of values of the Wilson line over path integral trajectories and illustrate the improvements on some simple quantum mechanical systems.

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Tears Of Anger: The Compositional Function And Theology Of Imprecation In The Book Of Lamentations, Christopher William Peters Dec 2023

Tears Of Anger: The Compositional Function And Theology Of Imprecation In The Book Of Lamentations, Christopher William Peters

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Since the rise of redaction criticism as an area of scriptural exploration, much scholarship has centered on the composition of discrete biblical texts. Recently, research has expanded into treatments of canonical composition, determining how individual books unite into the larger Old Testament, New Testament, or biblical corpus. Given the lacuna surrounding these areas of research into the Old Testament Writings, this dissertation will explore compositional strategy and theology in the book of Lamentations. The thesis of this dissertation proposes that the imprecations of the book of Lamentations function textually as compositional seams to unite the poems into a cohesive whole …

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Needle Biopsy Accelerates Pro-Metastatic Changes And Systemic Dissemination In Breast Cancer: Implications For Mortality By Surgery Delay, Hiroyasu Kameyama, Priya Dondapati, Reese Simmons, Macall Leslie, John Langenheim, Yunguang Sun, Misung Yi, Aubrey Rottschaefer, Rashmi Pathak, Shreya Nuguri, Kar-Ming Fung, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Inna Chervoneva, Hallgeir Rui, Takemi Tanaka Dec 2023

Needle Biopsy Accelerates Pro-Metastatic Changes And Systemic Dissemination In Breast Cancer: Implications For Mortality By Surgery Delay, Hiroyasu Kameyama, Priya Dondapati, Reese Simmons, Macall Leslie, John Langenheim, Yunguang Sun, Misung Yi, Aubrey Rottschaefer, Rashmi Pathak, Shreya Nuguri, Kar-Ming Fung, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Inna Chervoneva, Hallgeir Rui, Takemi Tanaka

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

ncreased breast cancer (BC) mortality risk posed by delayed surgical resection of tumor after diagnosis is a growing concern, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our cohort analyses of early-stage BC patients reveal the emergence of a significantly rising mortality risk when the biopsy-to-surgery interval was extended beyond 53 days. Additionally, histology of post-biopsy tumors shows prolonged retention of a metastasis-permissive wound stroma dominated by M2-like macrophages capable of promoting cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. We show that needle biopsy promotes systemic dissemination of cancer cells through a mechanism of sustained activation of the COX-2/PGE2/EP2 feedforward loop, …

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The Problem Of Deification Within The Church Context In India: An Implausible Deification, Sadananda Rao Matangi Dec 2023

The Problem Of Deification Within The Church Context In India: An Implausible Deification, Sadananda Rao Matangi

Masters Theses

The self-deification has been the main point on which several related issues have been discussed. No humans are equal with God but are only the servants of God. Even Jesus Christ agreed that the Father is greater than He. The concept of self-deification cannot be used overtly or covertly for self-elevation, Sacro-egoism, Sacro-egotism, self-advantage, or self-probability. On accepting Jesus as one’s personal Lord and Savior, a person may get the blessing of forgiveness of sins, sanctification, salvation, filling of the Holy Spirit, assurance of resurrection, and being with the Lord (on the Second Coming). That does not mean they are …

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Improving The Quality Of Micronutrient Food Composition Data In Sub-Saharan Africa Using Predictive Analytics, Junior Mbuyamba Muka Dec 2023

Improving The Quality Of Micronutrient Food Composition Data In Sub-Saharan Africa Using Predictive Analytics, Junior Mbuyamba Muka

Theses and Dissertations

High-quality food composition data are indispensable for decision making in several health, agricultural, and nutrition-related activities. Analytical data are the most accurate type of food composition data (FCD). Yet, most food composition databases (FCDBs) compiled in Sub-Saharan Africa only contain a small amount of analytical data collected from foods consumed in this region. Most of the data are either borrowed / copied from FCDBs collected in other parts of the world, calculated, imputed, or presumed data. Even with these alternative types, FCDBs in Sub-Saharan Africa have not reached a satisfactory level of completeness, as they still have missing data for …

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John’S Complementing Of Mark’S Wicked Tenants Parable In His Metaphor Of The True Vine, John F. Cespedes Dec 2023

John’S Complementing Of Mark’S Wicked Tenants Parable In His Metaphor Of The True Vine, John F. Cespedes

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The relationship between the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke is well known, but the question of John’s dependence has been researched by countless scholars since the first century without the formation of a consensus. This study seeks to enter this discussion through the examination of the relationship between Mark’s wicked tenants parable (Mark 12:1–12) and John’s true vine metaphor (John 15:1–17). John’s metaphor of the true vine is replete with images woven through the Old Testament and carried forward into the New. In John’s metaphor, Jesus presents himself as the true Israel and says that His followers are the …

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Beyond Acculturation And Resilience: International Students Navigating Shame And Self-Concept, Shauna Thompson Dec 2023

Beyond Acculturation And Resilience: International Students Navigating Shame And Self-Concept, Shauna Thompson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study highlights the unique experiences of international students while they pursue higher education, manage adjustment issues, and navigate internal struggles. To explore whether English proficiency and family expectations correlate with self-concept and acculturation resilience, this study focused on the acculturation process, incorporating aspects of shame and self-concept that contribute to a student’s motivation and resilience. International students commonly face academic and personal challenges while adjusting to an environment that requires fluency in English. Additionally, many experience the pressure of high expectations from their families in their countries of origin. This study used a sociocultural approach to explore how international …

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Back Matter, Iajbs Ateneo De Manila University Dec 2023

Back Matter, Iajbs Ateneo De Manila University

Journal of Management for Global Sustainability

N/A

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Extended-Synaptotagmin-1 And -2 Control T Cell Signaling And Function, Nathalia Benavides, Claudio G. Giraudo Dec 2023

Extended-Synaptotagmin-1 And -2 Control T Cell Signaling And Function, Nathalia Benavides, Claudio G. Giraudo

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Upon T-cell activation, the levels of the secondary messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) at the plasma membrane need to be controlled to ensure appropriate T-cell receptor signaling and T-cell functions. Extended-Synaptotagmins (E-Syts) are a family of inter-organelle lipid transport proteins that bridge the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. In this study, we identify a novel regulatory mechanism of DAG-mediated signaling for T-cell effector functions based on E-Syt proteins. We demonstrate that E-Syts downmodulate T-cell receptor signaling, T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, degranulation, and cytokine production by reducing plasma membrane levels of DAG. Mechanistically, E-Syt2 predominantly modulates DAG levels at the plasma membrane in resting-state …

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Regulatory Managerialism As Gaslighting Government, Jodi L. Short Dec 2023

Regulatory Managerialism As Gaslighting Government, Jodi L. Short

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Religiosity In Predicting Behavioral Economic Variables And Alcohol-Related Consequences Experienced By Black Emerging Adults, Alton Joe Withers Dec 2023

The Role Of Religiosity In Predicting Behavioral Economic Variables And Alcohol-Related Consequences Experienced By Black Emerging Adults, Alton Joe Withers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Psychosocial adversities increase alcohol use and consequences in emerging adults. Black Americans experience more adversities compared to other demographics and this may increase risk for misuse of alcohol. Religiosity may serve as a predictor of alcohol misuse, but little is known about longitudinal associations between alcohol misuse and religiosity in Black emerging adults (EAs). Behavioral economics (BE) posits that alcohol use is determined by the availability and price of alcohol compared to the availability and price of other reinforcements. Moreover, the value of these competing rewards is influenced by the delay of the rewards. Associations between sharply devaluing delayed outcomes …

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Is Seeing The Therapist Important? Perceptions Of Therapist Empathy And Skill, Jerry Lee Lovelace Dec 2023

Is Seeing The Therapist Important? Perceptions Of Therapist Empathy And Skill, Jerry Lee Lovelace

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Psychotherapists have increasingly used alternate telehealth formats for providing treatment (e.g., videoconferencing, telephone, and online chat). In some modes, therapists may not be seen clearly or even at all. The current study aimed to assess visibility’s impact on observers’ perceptions of therapists’ empathy and skill. Participants were randomly assigned to evaluate vignettes of psychotherapy sessions with differing levels of visibility: a video of the session or an audio of the session. Analyses revealed that observers’ perceptions of therapists differed by visibility condition. The study found that in the non-visible condition, female presenting therapists were perceived as less skilled and empathetic. …

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Exploring The Dimensionality Of Reading Fluency In Grade 4: Prosody And Its Role In Supporting Reading Comprehension, Hannah Anderson Dec 2023

Exploring The Dimensionality Of Reading Fluency In Grade 4: Prosody And Its Role In Supporting Reading Comprehension, Hannah Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The purpose of the current study was to examine the dimensionality of prosody and its role in supporting comprehension in Grade 4 students (N = 198). Participants were administered a grade-level CBM probe and i-Ready Diagnostic, including the Vocabulary, Literary Text, and Informational Text subtests. Spectrographic analysis was used to extract the prosodic data from audio recordings of the passage reading. A comparison group of 30 adults were recruited. A four-factor measurement model was proposed, with a reading comprehension factor comprised of i-Ready subtest, two prosodic factors comprised of pitch and pausing features gathered from the grade-level passage, and a …

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Healing Artists Through Art, Corey Aaron Cundiff Dec 2023

Healing Artists Through Art, Corey Aaron Cundiff

Masters Theses

Men die by suicide nearly four times more than women, with higher rates among artists. There has been an increase in the rate of suicide over the years, primarily linked to depression and mounting societal expectations imposed upon men. The prevalence of social media and the awareness that comes with indicates that the issue of suicide may never disappear unless action is taken. This paper examines the need for art therapy to counter depression among male artists. No longer do we need to rely strictly on medication and talk therapy to treat depression. Many art therapy techniques have proven quite …

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Pain Management By Chemogenetic Control Of Sensory Neurons, Yize Li, Xin Ge, Ru-Rong Ji Dec 2023

Pain Management By Chemogenetic Control Of Sensory Neurons, Yize Li, Xin Ge, Ru-Rong Ji

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In this study, Perez-Sanchez et al.1 developed a chemogenetic method aimed at alleviating pain in mouse models while dampening excitability in human sensory neurons. This analgesic effect was attained through the introduction of human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and glycine receptor pore domain via virus-mediated expression in sensory neurons, forming a chloride channel. The activation of this channel was made possible by specific agonists. This study highlights the potential for treating clinical pain by gene therapy.

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Neuromuscular Basis Of Drosophila Larval Rolling Escape Behavior, Patricia C Cooney, Yuhan Huang, Wenze Li, Dulanjana M Perera, Richard Hormigo, Tanya Tabachnik, Isuru S Godage, Elizabeth M C Hillman, Wesley B Grueber, Aref A Zarin Dec 2023

Neuromuscular Basis Of Drosophila Larval Rolling Escape Behavior, Patricia C Cooney, Yuhan Huang, Wenze Li, Dulanjana M Perera, Richard Hormigo, Tanya Tabachnik, Isuru S Godage, Elizabeth M C Hillman, Wesley B Grueber, Aref A Zarin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

To escape from dangerous stimuli, animals execute escape behaviors that are fundamentally different from normal locomotion. The rolling escape behavior of Drosophila larvae consists of C-shaped bending and rolling. However, the muscle contraction patterns that lead to rolling are poorly understood. We find that following the initial body bending, muscles contract in a circumferential wave around the larva as they enter the bend, maintaining unidirectional rolling that resembles a cylinder rolling on a surface. We study the structure of motor circuits for rolling, inhibit different motor neurons to determine which muscles are essential for rolling, and propose circuit and biomechanical …

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Drivers Of Chronic Pathology Following Ischemic Stroke: A Descriptive Review, Grant W Goodman, Trang H Do, Chunfeng Tan, Rodney M Ritzel Dec 2023

Drivers Of Chronic Pathology Following Ischemic Stroke: A Descriptive Review, Grant W Goodman, Trang H Do, Chunfeng Tan, Rodney M Ritzel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and long-term disability in the world. Considered largely a disease of aging, its global economic and healthcare burden is expected to rise as more people survive into advanced age. With recent advances in acute stroke management, including the expansion of time windows for treatment with intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, we are likely to see an increase in survival rates. It is therefore critically important to understand the complete pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, both in the acute and subacute stages and during the chronic phase in the months and years following an …

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Biomarkers Of Affective Dysregulation Associated With In Utero Exposure To Etoh, Nune Darbinian, Nana Merabova, Gabriel Tatevosian, Mary Morrison, Armine Darbinyan, Huaqing Zhao, Laura Goetzl, Michael Edgar Selzer Dec 2023

Biomarkers Of Affective Dysregulation Associated With In Utero Exposure To Etoh, Nune Darbinian, Nana Merabova, Gabriel Tatevosian, Mary Morrison, Armine Darbinyan, Huaqing Zhao, Laura Goetzl, Michael Edgar Selzer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit behavioral and affective dysregulation, including hyperactivity and depression. The mechanisms are not known, but they could conceivably be due to postnatal social or environmental factors. However, we postulate that, more likely, the affective dysregulation is associated with the effects of EtOH exposure on the development of fetal serotonergic (5-HT) and/or dopaminergic (DA) pathways, i.e., pathways that in postnatal life are believed to regulate mood. Many women who use alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) during pregnancy suffer from depression and take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which might influence these monoaminergic pathways in the …

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“My Job Is To Teach”: How Teachers Approach State Laws In A Culturally Relevant Classroom, Clayton Jaskinia Dec 2023

“My Job Is To Teach”: How Teachers Approach State Laws In A Culturally Relevant Classroom, Clayton Jaskinia

Masters Theses (Archived)

The murders of James Bryd. Jr, Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, and Sandra Bland led to the Black Lives Matter movement. Following these deaths, schools across the country that were named after Confederates and statues of them were taken down, causing backlash against more substantial steps to address white supremacy in the curriculum. This qualitative study investigates how social studies teachers are reacting to laws that restrict the teaching of history and deny Texas students the right to be represented in their education. The findings demonstrate a link between teachers’ understanding of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy and their solidarity with students of …

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Evaluation Of Koopman Operator Neural Decoding Scheme, Kyle Edwards Dec 2023

Evaluation Of Koopman Operator Neural Decoding Scheme, Kyle Edwards

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Neural activity correlates with a wide variety of phenomena relating to the animal originating the activity. It is possible to exploit those correlations by measuring the activity and mathematically transforming it via a so-called decoding process to determine what, physically, the activity represented. The signals measured are typically nonlinear, and though classical statistical techniques exist for handling these signals, increasingly influential methods including neural networks and the Koopman operator formalism provide new avenues to explore for handling such nonlinear problems. We propose a method of decoding utilizing a neural network representation of the Koopman operator and test it on the …

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A Linguistic And Historical Study Of The Relationship Between The Ancient Egyptian Particle Ḥ3 And The Future Tense Prefix ḤA In Semitic, Hagar Saeed Hassan Abdelrahman Dec 2023

A Linguistic And Historical Study Of The Relationship Between The Ancient Egyptian Particle Ḥ3 And The Future Tense Prefix ḤA In Semitic, Hagar Saeed Hassan Abdelrahman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Coptic is the final stage of the ancient Egyptian language, which appeared fully formed in the third century CE, until Arabic gradually replaced it after the Arab conquest of Egypt in 642 CE. Despite the dominance of Arabic, Coptic remained as a spoken language in Egypt until the sixteenth century. The only remaining usage of Coptic today is confined to liturgical use in the Coptic church in Egypt. The disappearance of Coptic coincides with the formation of the Egyptian Arabic dialect, the earliest appearance of which is in a manuscript by Yusuf al-Maghribi which dates to the sixteenth century. The …

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Relationships Between Shame, Cognitive Distortions And Positive Relationships With Others Among Young Adults, And Changes In Shame Resulting From An Intervention Focusing On Cognitive Distortions, John E. Shanks Dec 2023

Relationships Between Shame, Cognitive Distortions And Positive Relationships With Others Among Young Adults, And Changes In Shame Resulting From An Intervention Focusing On Cognitive Distortions, John E. Shanks

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Experiences of shame are strongly correlated with diminished social relations in individuals of all ages. Difficult and traumatic early childhood situations and experiences such as partner abuse, sexual violence in situations with differences in status commonly lead to shame. Difficult family situations and traumatic situations also frequently result in cognitive distortions, flawed thinking which often continues through adulthood. This study evaluated the experiences of shame, satisfaction of social relations, and cognitive distortions of young adults ages 18-25 years of age. Participants included 88 young adults recruited from social media sites and email contacts. Self-report measures were used to evaluate the …

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Faith Comes By Hearing: Impact Of Expository Preaching In The Worldview Of Young Adults At Sda Church Plants, Kenneth Martinez Dec 2023

Faith Comes By Hearing: Impact Of Expository Preaching In The Worldview Of Young Adults At Sda Church Plants, Kenneth Martinez

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In this thesis, expository preaching is proposed as the mechanism to communicate a biblical worldview to Adventist young adults (people ages 18 to 40). This thesis project engaged the young adults of two Adventist church plants: Refuge Church and Triumph Church. The project consisted of preaching Adventist biblical theology through expository sermons, with the thesis that it would be interpreted as a worldview by young adults. The preaching series delivered salvation history, broken down into eight pericopes, and used the Great Controversy as its metanarrative. The goal of each sermon was to expound the assigned passage and its place on …

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The Necessity Of Spiritual Preparation In Short-Term Missions As It Correlates To Ministry Effectiveness, Brent Edward Allen Dec 2023

The Necessity Of Spiritual Preparation In Short-Term Missions As It Correlates To Ministry Effectiveness, Brent Edward Allen

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

There is a lack of resources available providing spiritual preparation training specifically for teams preparing for a STM with M4 Institute. The purpose of this action research project is two-fold. First, to develop a spiritual preparation resource for STM work in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Second, to determine if providing spiritual preparation training for a team preparing for said STM work will improve the ministry effectiveness of the trip. An eight-week, five-phase intervention guide was created to implement with the focus group. This consisted of two in-person, on-site team trainings, three pre-trip Zoom team meetings, mid-trip communications with participants …

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Traditional Vietnamese Music And Its Incorporation Into Christian Worship, Elijah Khang Chau Dec 2023

Traditional Vietnamese Music And Its Incorporation Into Christian Worship, Elijah Khang Chau

Masters Theses

The thesis addresses the concern of incorporating traditional Vietnamese instruments into Christian worship. Most worship done in Vietnamese churches in the US is primarily westernized, and it lacks cultural elements to reflect the Vietnamese culture. Another concern is that the younger generation does not know much about Vietnamese culture; this is an issue because many Vietnamese descents do not know which culture they belong to. The idea behind traditional Vietnamese instruments incorporated into Christian worship will encourage Vietnamese churches to use Vietnamese traditions to further God’s Kingdom so that the Vietnamese congregation can worship and glorify God in their native …

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When ‘Non-Instructional’ Librarians Teach: Navigating Faculty Status And Teaching Portfolios, Cailean Cooney, Wanett I. Clyde, Kel R. Karpinski, Junior R. Tidal, Nanette Johnson Dec 2023

When ‘Non-Instructional’ Librarians Teach: Navigating Faculty Status And Teaching Portfolios, Cailean Cooney, Wanett I. Clyde, Kel R. Karpinski, Junior R. Tidal, Nanette Johnson

Publications and Research

This article shares individual and collective experiences from five faculty ranked librarians with roles outside of formal instruction who are employed at an academic institution in the United States, and their approach to developing and embracing a teacher identity in the context of their professional trajectory. The article explores how the authors prepared to be evaluated against traditional classroom teaching for promotion by forming a cohort-based group to support “noninstructional” librarians to create a teaching portfolio, and how they approached teaching from liminal and, at times, tenuous positions and career stages. Authors conclude that the process challenged and expanded their …

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Mirna-211 Maintains Metabolic Homeostasis In Medulloblastoma Through Its Target Gene Long-Chain Acyl-Coa Synthetase 4, Menglang Yuan, Iqbal Mahmud, Keisuke Katsushima, Kandarp Joshi, Olivier Saulnier, Rudramani Pokhrel, Bongyong Lee, Wathsala Liyanage, Haritha Kunhiraman, Stacie Stapleton, Ignacio Gonzalez-Gomez, Rangaramanujam M Kannan, Tanja Eisemann, Elayaraja Kolanthai, Sudipta Seal, Timothy J Garrett, Saed Abbasi, Kimberly Bockley, Justin Hanes, Prem Chapagain, George Jallo, Robert J Wechsler-Reya, Michael D Taylor, Charles G Eberhart, Animesh Ray, Ranjan J Perera Dec 2023

Mirna-211 Maintains Metabolic Homeostasis In Medulloblastoma Through Its Target Gene Long-Chain Acyl-Coa Synthetase 4, Menglang Yuan, Iqbal Mahmud, Keisuke Katsushima, Kandarp Joshi, Olivier Saulnier, Rudramani Pokhrel, Bongyong Lee, Wathsala Liyanage, Haritha Kunhiraman, Stacie Stapleton, Ignacio Gonzalez-Gomez, Rangaramanujam M Kannan, Tanja Eisemann, Elayaraja Kolanthai, Sudipta Seal, Timothy J Garrett, Saed Abbasi, Kimberly Bockley, Justin Hanes, Prem Chapagain, George Jallo, Robert J Wechsler-Reya, Michael D Taylor, Charles G Eberhart, Animesh Ray, Ranjan J Perera

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The prognosis of childhood medulloblastoma (MB) is often poor, and it usually requires aggressive therapy that adversely affects quality of life. microRNA-211 (miR-211) was previously identified as an important regulator of cells that descend from neural cells. Since medulloblastomas primarily affect cells with similar ontogeny, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-211 in MB. Here we showed that miR-211 expression was highly downregulated in cell lines, PDXs, and clinical samples of different MB subgroups (SHH, Group 3, and Group 4) compared to normal cerebellum. miR-211 gene was ectopically expressed in transgenic cells from MB subgroups, and they were subjected …

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Rotavirus-Mediated Dgat1 Degradation: A Pathophysiological Mechanism Of Viral-Induced Malabsorptive Diarrhea, Zheng Liu, Hunter Smith, Jeanette M Criglar, Antonio J Valentin, Umesh Karandikar, Xi-Lei Zeng, Mary K Estes, Sue E Crawford Dec 2023

Rotavirus-Mediated Dgat1 Degradation: A Pathophysiological Mechanism Of Viral-Induced Malabsorptive Diarrhea, Zheng Liu, Hunter Smith, Jeanette M Criglar, Antonio J Valentin, Umesh Karandikar, Xi-Lei Zeng, Mary K Estes, Sue E Crawford

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Gastroenteritis is among the leading causes of mortality globally in infants and young children, with rotavirus (RV) causing ~258 million episodes of diarrhea and ~128,000 deaths annually in infants and children. RV-induced mechanisms that result in diarrhea are not completely understood, but malabsorption is a contributing factor. RV alters cellular lipid metabolism by inducing lipid droplet (LD) formation as a platform for replication factories named viroplasms. A link between LD formation and gastroenteritis has not been identified. We found that diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), the terminal step in triacylglycerol synthesis required for LD biogenesis, is degraded in RV-infected cells by …

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Life, The Genome And Everything, Susan M Rosenberg Dec 2023

Life, The Genome And Everything, Susan M Rosenberg

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, N. J. Bonde, E. A. Wood, K. S. Myers, M. Place, J. L. Keck, and M. M. Cox (J Bacteriol 205:e00184-23, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00184-23) used an unbiased transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq) screen to identify proteins required for life when cells lose the RecG branched-DNA helicase (synthetic lethality). The proteins’ identities indicate pathways that prevent endogenous DNA damage, pathways that prevent its homology-directed repair (HDR) “strand-exchange” intermediates between sister chromosomes, and pathways that resolve those intermediates. All avoid intermediate pile-up, which blocks chromosome segregation, causing “death-by-recombination.” DNA damage is managed to regulate crucial but …

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