Digital Commons Network^™

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes And Long Term Risk Of Ischemic Heart Disease In Mothers: National Cohort And Co-Sibling Study, Casey Crump, Jan Sundquist, Mary Ann Mclaughlin, Siobhan M Dolan, Usha Govindarajulu, Weiva Sieh, Kristina Sundquist

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between five major adverse pregnancy outcomes and long term risks of ischemic heart disease in mothers.

DESIGN: National cohort study.

SETTING: Sweden.

PARTICIPANTS: All 2 195 266 women with a first singleton delivery in Sweden during 1973-2015.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was incidence of ischemic heart disease from delivery to 2018, identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for ischemic heart disease associated with preterm delivery, small for gestational age, pre-eclampsia, other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes, adjusting for other adverse pregnancy …

Retrospective Evaluation Of The Role Of Gemcitabine-Docetaxel In Well-Differentiated And Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma, Prapassorn Thirasastr, Heather Lin, Behrang Amini, Wei-Lien Wang, Jeffrey M Cloutier, Elise F Nassif, Emily Z Keung, Christina L Roland, Barry Feig, Dejka Araujo, Robert S Benjamin, Anthony P Conley, John A Livingston, Joseph Ludwig, Shreyaskumar Patel, Ravin Ratan, Vinod Ravi, Maria Alejandra Zarzour, Xiao Zhou, Neeta Somaiah

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Well-differentiated (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) account for the majority of liposarcomas. Although gemcitabine-docetaxel is used as second-line treatment in soft tissue sarcomas, its efficacy in WDLPS/DDLPS is not established. This study retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of gemcitabine regimens in WDLPS/DDLPS.

METHODS: All patients with WDLPS or DDLPS who received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy at our institution between September 2002 and January 2021 were included. Response was evaluated by an independent radiologist using RECIST 1.1. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate distributions of survival outcomes and log-rank tests were used to compare survival outcomes between subgroups.

RESULTS: Sixty-five WDLPS/DDLPS patients …

Second Generation Phenyloxadiazolyl Methyl Sulfones For Thiol-Specific Bioconjugations, Guillaume Dewaele-Le Roi

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The role of antibody-based molecular agents for diagnosis and therapy of cancer has expanded significantly over the past decades. However, most of these constructs are synthesized using traditional bioconjugation methods based on the random ligations between the molecular cargo and lysine residues within the protein. These non-specific approaches can create poorly defined conjugates with suboptimal immunoreactivity and in vivo performance while Site-specific approaches to antibody bioconjugation based on ligations between maleimides and free cysteine residues have long stood as attractive alternatives. Yet the inherent instability of the thiol-maleimide linkage has fueled the search for new, more stable thiol-reactive prosthetic groups. …

Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermal Analysis Of A New Acidicazo Ligand's Metal Complexes, Rasha Khider Hussain Al-Daffay, Abbas Ali Salih Al-Hamdani

Baghdad Science Journal

The researchers wanted to make a new azo imidazole as a follow-up to their previous work. The ligand 4-[(2-Amino-4-phenylazo)-methyl]-cyclohexane carboxylic acid as a derivative of trans-4-(aminomethyl) cyclohexane carboxylic acid diazonium salt, and synthesis a series of its chelate complexes with metalions, characterized these compounds using a variety technique, including elemental analysis, FTIR, LC-Mass, 1H-NMRand UV-Vis spectral process as well TGA, conductivity and magnetic quantifications. Analytical data showed that the Co (II) complex out to 1:1 metal-ligand ratio with square planner and tetrahedral geometry, respectively while 1:2 metal-ligand ratio in the Cu(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Zn(II), Ru(III)and Rh(III)complexes with octahedral geometry except …

Recent Advances In The Biosynthesis Of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles And Their Biological Applications, Salam S Alsharari, Muneefah A. Alenezi, Mona S. Al Tami, Mohammed Soliman

Baghdad Science Journal

A critical milestone in nano-biotechnology is establishing reliable and ecological friendly methods for fabricating metal oxide NPs. Because of their great biodegradable, electrical, mechanical, and optical qualities, zirconia NPs (ZrO2NPs) attract much interest among all zirconia NPs (ZrO2NPs). Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has piqued the interest of researchers throughout the world, particularly since the development of methods for the manufacture of nano-sized particles. An extensive study into the creation of nanoparticles utilizing various synthetic techniques and their potential uses has been stimulated by their high luminous efficiency, wide bandgap, and high exciton binding energy. Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles may be used as …

Novel Derivative For Dithiocarbamite Containing A New Sulphur-Azo Linkage And Its Complexes With Sn(Ii), Sn(Iv), Co(Ii), Ni(Ii) And Cu(Ii) Ions; Synthesis, Characterization And Antibacterial Activity, Wissam Abbas Ali, Hayder Hamied Mihsen, Sajid H. Guzar

Al-Bahir

The new ligand N-methyl-N-((((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)thio) carbonothioyl) aniline (LS2) was prepared by the reaction of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium salts with a (sodium N-methyl- N-phenyldithiocarbamate), a new ligand containing azo-sulphur linkage. A series of metal ions Sn(II), Sn(IV), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) were used to prepare metal complexes through reaction of two moles of LS2 ligand with one mole of appropriate metal chloride. The prepared compounds were characterized by CHNS elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H NMR-spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. Stoichiometry was determined using analytical and spectroscopic information and it was found to be 1:2 (metal to a ligand) …

Going Back In Time: Increasing Penicillin Susceptibility Among Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus Osteoarticular Infections In Children, J Chase Mcneil, Lauren M Sommer, Jesus G Vallejo, Mary Boyle, Kristina G Hulten, Sheldon L Kaplan, Stephanie A Fritz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In the late 1940s to 1950s, Staphylococcus aureus isolates first-gained resistance to penicillin. Recently, some centers have described an increase in the proportion of methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) which are also susceptible to penicillin (PSSA). There are little data on the frequency of PSSA infections in children. We investigated the prevalence of penicillin susceptibility among pediatric MSSA acute hematogenous osteoarticular infection (OAI) isolates. MSSA OAI isolates were obtained through surveillance studies at Texas Children’s and St. Louis Children’s Hospitals from January 2011 to December 2019. All isolates underwent PCR for blaZ β-lactamase, PVL genes and agr group. All blaZ …

Insight From Biology Program Learning Outcomes: Implications For Teaching, Learning, And Assessment, Noelle Clark, Jeremy L. Hsu

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Learning goals and objectives are a key part of instruction, informing curricular design, assessment, and learning. These goals and objectives are also applied at the programmatic level, with program learning outcomes (PLOs) providing insight into the skills that undergraduate biology programs intend for their students to master. PLOs are mandated by all major higher education accreditation agencies and play integral roles in programmatic assessment. Despite their importance, however, there have not been any prior attempts to characterize PLOs across undergraduate biology programs in the United States. Our study reveals that many programs may not be using PLOs to communicate learning …

Insights From The Management Of Offshore Energy Resources: Toward An Ecosystem-Services Based Management Approach For Deep-Ocean Industries, M. Emilia Bravo, Miriam I. Brandt, Jesse M. A. Van Der Grient, Thomas G. Dahlgren, Patricia Esquete, Sabine Gollner, Daniel O. B. Jones, Lisa A. Levin, Craig R. Mcclain, Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy, Tracey Sutton, Lissette Victorero, Erik E. Cordes

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The deep ocean comprises complex ecosystems made up of numerous community and habitat types that provide multiple services that benefit humans. As the industrialization of the deep sea proceeds, a standardized and robust set of methods and metrics need to be developed to monitor the baseline conditions and any anthropogenic and climate change-related impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services. Here, we review what we have learned from studies involving offshore-energy industries, including state-of-the-art technologies and strategies for obtaining reliable metrics of deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem function. An approach that includes the detection and monitoring of ecosystem services, with …

Traditional Plants That Are Utilized To Treat Urinary Tract Infections: A Review, Rasha Hadi Saleh, Aseel Mohammad Omran, Rafah S. Almuttairi Alhilla

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Among the most serious problems affecting public health is urinary tract infection (UTI). There are several parts of the urinary tract affected by this type of inflammation and affects women more frequently than men. As the antibacterial resistance problem is growing in urological medicine, there is a increasing and a continuing requirement to add antimicrobial medication which could be from medicinal herbs in regulatory UTIs. Since the beginning of civilization, medicinal plants have been an integral element of human society in the fight against diseases. For the aim of reducing costs, increasing the effectiveness of treatment and eliminating the side …

Distribution Pattern Of Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Colibacillosis Cases In Broiler Farms Of Egypt, Mona A A Abdel-Rahman, Engy A Hamed, May F Abdelaty, Hend K Sorour, Heba Badr, Wafaa M Hassan, Azhar G Shalaby, Ahmed Abd-Elhalem Mohamed, Mohamed A Soliman, Heba Roshdy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Multidrug resistance (MDR) of

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples from 938 broiler farms were bacteriologically examined for

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION: The study showed a high prevalence of

Developing Red Fluorescent Zn2+ Sensors And Characterizing Zn2+ Homeostasis In Mucolipidosis Type Iv Disease, Anna M. Dischler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Zinc (Zn²⁺) is a divalent, redox-inert metal that plays a vital role in many cellular processes either by acting as a catalytic cofactor or a labile signaling molecule in the cytoplasm. Cytosolic Zn²⁺ levels are tightly regulated to stay within a narrow window of concentrations, but fluctuations in Zn²⁺ signals have been detected in a variety of cells. We developed a genetically encoded, single red fluorescent protein (RFP) based Zn²⁺ sensor, RZnP1, that can be used alongside green-wavelength sensors for the simultaneous detection of different signaling molecules within the same cells or among different subcellular …

Insight Into Eleutherodactylus Coqui Resilience And Anuran Hypoxia Tolerance Utilizing Pincho, Randy Ortiz

Theses and Dissertations

The onset of high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology allowed research into transcriptomics to accelerate exponentially aided by the rapid advancement of bioinformatic pipelines. The Pincho workflow, my first research endeavor, is a transcriptomic workflow developed to create an avenue of high-quality reconstructions from RNA-seq data. High-quality reconstruction standards entail longer transcripts, more complete transcripts, and more raw data utilization. We have discovered an ideal trio of assemblers between transABySS, rnaSPAdes and TransLiG that would best reconstruct next-generation sequencing data according to these standards. We utilized Pincho to drive two distinct experiments: (1) exploring the genetic basis for the successful invasion of …

Mutational Analysis Of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels In The Carnivorous Venus Flytrap Plant, Carl Procko, Wen Mai Wong, Janki Patel, Seyed Ali Reza Mousavi, Tsegaye Dabi, Marc Duque, Lisa Baird, Sreekanth H. Chalasani, Joanne Chory

Biology: Faculty Scholarship

How the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) evolved the remarkable ability to sense, capture, and digest animal prey for nutrients has long puzzled the scientific community.1 Recent genome and transcriptome sequencing studies have provided clues to the genes thought to play a role in these tasks.2,3,4,5 However, proving a causal link between these and any aspect of the plant’s hunting behavior has been challenging due to the genetic intractability of this non-model organism. Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9 methods to generate targeted modifications in the Venus flytrap genome. The plant detects prey …

Bioorthogonal Tethering Of Drug Fragments To Engineered G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Jordan M. Mattheisen

Student Theses and Dissertations

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate diverse cellular signaling pathways and are important drug targets. Despite the availability of high-resolution structures for nearly 100 discrete GPCRs in complex with various ligands, discovering allosteric drugs that can modulate receptor signaling remains challenging. In principle, allosteric ligands have certain advantages because they bind to pockets on the receptor that do not directly impact the orthosteric site for agonist ligands, but still tune downstream signaling pathways. But identifying and validating allosteric ligands remains difficult partly due to the dynamic nature of GPCRs in native membranes. Of the more than 3700 distinct FDA-approved drugs, there …

Histomorphology Of The Distal Urogenital Ducts In The Male Northern Crawfish Frog, Rana Areolata Circulosa (Anura: Ranidae), S.E. Trauth, R.G. Neal

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We examined the microanatomy of the distal urogenital ducts in the male Northern Crawfish Frog (Rana areolata circulosa) from a small sample (n = 5) collected in February and March from central Arkansas over a 5-year period (2017–2022). Specifically, we sought information on the following structures: (1) the paired Wolffian (urogenital) ducts caudally from the kidneys to their merging with the urodeum of the cloaca, (2) the paired seminal vesicles (sperm storage structures), and (3) the paired Müllerian ducts and glands. This study provides new information on these urogenital ducts and promotes a clearer understanding of this anatomical region for …

No Sperm Morphometric Differences Between Two Snapping Turtle Species, J.D. Konvalina, S.E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We examined sperm morphometrics between Chelydra serpentina and Macrochelys temminckii. When both species are combined, we found significant correlations between total sperm length and sperm head length as well as sperm tail length and sperm head length. In addition, we observed significant correlations between total sperm length and sperm tail length. T-tests revealed no significant differences in any of the sperm morphometrics between the two species. Both snapping turtle species had greater values for every sperm morphometric when compared to another freshwater turtle. The strong correlation between total sperm length and sperm tail length is concurrent with what has previously …

Investigating The Effect Of Poly (Ε-Caprolactone) Nanofibers Scaffolds With Random, Unidirectionally, And Radially Aligned Morphologies On The Fibroblast Cell?S Attachment And Growth Behavior, Saeed Nezari, Mohammadamin Sarli, Ahmad Hivechi, Hajir Bahrami, Peiman B. Milan, Noorahmad Latifi, Fatemeh Latifi, Tayyeb Ghadimi, S. Mohammad Amin Haramshahi, Soheila Naderi Gharahgheshlagh

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In the last decade, significant progress in tissue engineering, repairing, and replacing organs has been achieved. The design and production of scaffolds for tissue engineering are one of the main areas which have attracted the researcher's interest. In this regard, electrospinning is one of the most popular methods of nanoscale scaffold similar to extracellular matrix production. This paper reports the fabrication of scaffolds consisting of radially aligned PCL nanofibers by utilizing a collector composed of a central point electrode and a peripheral ring electrode. The chemical and physical properties were compared using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and DSC experiments, as well …

The Victorian Crisis Of Faith: Uncertainty, Pessimism, Morality, And Monsters. A Look At Nineteenth-Century British Gothic Horror And The Unassailable Unknown, Jay Schroeder

Dissertations and Theses

This work investigates how Gothic narratives employed negative aesthetics, monstrous bodies, exploded meaning, and an unshakable mood of uncertainty to explore rising fears of dwindling morality and impending human doom during the long nineteenth century. Using Eugene Thacker’s cosmic pessimism, Sianne Ngai’s concept of tone, and Stephen Greenblatt’s theories of resonance and wonder, combined with monster theory, Gothic criticism, biological studies of fear, and nineteenth-century studies in medicine, science, and literature, I investigate how these texts constructed monstrous bodies to create an atmosphere of fear that reflected a culture of pessimism and a crisis of faith to contend, albeit unsuccessfully, …

Exploring How Advanced-Level Biology Teachers Integrate Ict In Teaching And Learning,A Case Of One Public Secondary School In Songwe Region, Tanzania, Rose John Shiyo

Master of Education

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has pedagogical advantages that can help teachers design, teach, and assess biology lessons. The aim of this study was to explore how teachers integrate ICT during the teaching of Biology at A-level classes in Songwe region, Southern Tanzania. The research site of this study is one public advanced-level secondary school in the Mbozi district. The purposive sampling technique was used to get the sample comprising two, A-level biology teachers, one ICT technician, one laboratory technician, and six students from A-level classes who were persuing a science subject combination known as CBG (Chemistry Biology Geography). This …

Scientific Guidelines For Evaluating The Validity Of Forensic Feature-Comparison Methods, David L. Faigman, Nicholas Scurich, Thomas D. Albright

Faculty Scholarship

When it comes to questions of fact in a legal context— particularly questions about measurement, association, and causality—courts should employ ordinary standards of applied science. Applied sciences generally develop along a path that proceeds from a basic scientific discovery about some natural process to the formation of a theory of how the process works and what causes it to fail, to the development of an invention intended to assess, repair, or improve the process, to the specification of predictions of the instrument’s actions and, finally, empirical validation to determine that the instrument achieves the intended effect. These elements are salient …

Handwriting: A Qualitative Study Exploring Elementary Teachers’ Beliefs, Knowledge, Preparation, Practice And Influencing Factors In Handwriting Instruction, Lori Beth Fox

Dissertations and Theses

Handwriting instruction is often seen as less important in the curriculum, particularly due to pressures of passing high states assessments and the need to develop technology competencies, as technology in education and society has become commonplace. Current research shows that literacy skills are supported through the direct instruction of handwriting. Handwriting has also been associated with academic success, autoactivating the memory and processing portion of the brain, and is an important component in preparing the brain for phonics and reading acquisition. This has created a problem of a significant disconnect between research-based recommendations and current classroom practices in handwriting instruction. …

Prior Sexual Trauma Exposure Impacts Posttraumatic Dysfunction And Neural Circuitry Following A Recent Traumatic Event In The Aurora Study, Grace E. Rowland, Alyssa Roeckner, Timothy D. Ely, Lauren A. M Lebois, Sanne J. H Van Rooij, Steven E. Bruce, Tanja Jovanovic, Stacey L. House, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Xinming An, Thomas C. Neylan, Gari D. Clifford, Sarah D. Linnstaedt, Laura T. Germine, Scott L. Rauch, John P. Haran, Alan B. Storrow, Christopher A. Lewandowski, Paul I. Musey, Phyllis L. Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W. Jones, Brittany E. Punches, Michael C. Kurz, Nina T. Gentile, Lauren A. Hudak, Jose L. Pascual, Mark J. Seamon, Erica Harris, Claire Pearson, Roland C. Merchant, Robert M. Domeier, Niels K. Rathlev, Paulina Sergot, Leon D. Sanchez, Mark W. Miller, Robert H. Pietrzak, Jutta Joormann, Diego A. Pizzagalli, John F. Sheridan, Jordan W. Smoller, Steven E. Harte, James M. Elliott, Ronald C. Kessler, Karestan C. Koenen, Samuel A. Mclean, Kerry J. Ressler, Jennifer S. Stevens, Nathaniel G. Harnett

Emergency Medicine Articles

Background: Prior sexual trauma (ST) is associated with greater risk for posttraumatic stress disorder after a subsequent traumatic event; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain opaque. We investigated longitudinal posttraumatic dysfunction and amygdala functional dynamics following admission to an emergency department for new primarily nonsexual trauma in participants with and without previous ST.

Methods: Participants (N = 2178) were recruited following acute trauma exposure (primarily motor vehicle collision). A subset (n = 242) completed magnetic resonance imaging that included a fearful faces task and a resting-state scan 2 weeks after the trauma. We investigated associations between prior ST and several …

Development And Biological Evaluation Of Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitors Of The Human Cytochrome P450 1b1, Austin Hachey

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

The human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an emerging target for small- molecule therapeutics. Several solid tumors overexpress CYP1B1 to the degree that it has been referred to as a universal tumor antigen. Conversely, its expression is low in healthy tissues. CYP1B1 may drive tumorigenesis through promoting the formation of reactive toxins from environmental pollutants or from endogenous hormone substrates. Additionally, the expression of CYP1B1 in tumors is associated with resistance to several common chemotherapies and with poor prognoses in cancer patients. However, inhibiting CYP1B1 with small molecules has been demonstrated in cellular and murine model systems to reverse this …

A Preliminary Assessment Of The Spawning Potential Ratio Of Five Target Species Of The Coastal Gillnet Fishery In Guyana And Suriname, Tomas Willems, Elford Liverpool, Michael Hiwat

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Data—limited stock assessment methods have the potential to positively impact livelihoods of fishermen around the world by providing management recommendations that aim to optimize sustainable yields from fisheries. Some years ago, a novel length— based (LB) method was developed for the assessment of spawning potential ratio (SPR), a measure of the reproductive capacity of fish stocks. We applied the LB—SPR method to 5 important target species of the coastal gillnet fishery in Guyana and Suriname. Nebris microps (Smalleye Croaker; 32% SPR) and Macrodon ancylodon (King Weakfish; 34% SPR) had the highest spawning potential, but remained below the 40% target level …

Associations Between Family History Of Alcohol Use Problems And Drug Use And Undergraduage Students' Alcohol And Drug Use, Veronica Bucci

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Risk And Protection Of Different Rare Protein-Coding Variants Of Complement Component C4a In Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Johanna M Seddon, Dikha De, William Casazza, Shun-Yun Cheng, Claudio Punzo, Mark Daly, Danlei Zhou, Samantha L Coss, John P Atkinson, Chack-Yung Yu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Scaffolds From Natural Polymers And Soy Protein For Cultured Meat Production, Utumporn Butkatanyoo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

To overcome the problems of livestock farming, cultured meat technologies have been developed. Cultured meat is an alternative way to produce meat by culturing cells in vitro using tissue engineering technology. The construction of cultured meat requires a scaffold to support cell proliferation and differentiation. Herein this research, polysaccharides namely high acyl gellan gum (HG) and konjac (KJ) together with a plant-based protein, soy protein isolate (SP) were used to develop scaffolds for cultured meat production. The composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying and followed by ionic crosslinking. The composition of HG, KJ, and SP had a strong influence on …

Status Of Pelagic Habitats Within The Eu-Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Proposals For Improving Consistency And Representativeness Of The Assessment, C Magliozzi, M Palma, J-N Druon, A Palialexis, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop, V Ioanna, G-Q Rafael, G Elena, H Birgit, B Laura, Al Felipe

More Faculty of Science and Engineering Research

Anthropogenic activities have transformed the pelagic habitat in the last decades with profound implications for its essential functions. While the EU-Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC and the Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 have set criteria and methodological standards for the assessment and determination of Good Environmental Status (GES) for pelagic habitats in EU waters, there is strong evidence that Member States have not yet harmonized the pelagic GES assessment across EU marine waters. Today, pelagic habitats are assessed by evaluating whether good status is achieved by each of the pelagic indicators, but this approach fails to observe the high variability of …

Timing Of Diversification, Dispersal, And Biogeography Of Parrots In The Genus Amazona (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) Throughout The Caribbean, Visualized In Gis, Christopher Kingwill

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Avian fossil records from across the Caribbean (Greater and Lesser Antilles) demonstrate higher avian diversity prior to extinction events due to climate change at the end of the Pleistocene and human impact across the Caribbean throughout the Holocene. Amazon parrots (Amazona) are a diverse genus of New World parrots found throughout Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean. Their phylogeny and evolutionary history, specifically for Caribbean species, has been debated in terms of source areas in Central and South America and the timing of and number of colonization events to different islands that preceded diversification into …