Digital Commons Network^™

No Man Is An Island In Defense Procurement: Developments In Eu Defense Procurement Regulation And Its Implications For The U.S., Luke R.A. Butler, Michael Bowsher, Christopher R. Yukins

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union have focused minds on the EU’s role as a defense actor. In the context of defense procurement, this includes whether the EU should itself co-fund cooperative programmes with Member States (through the European Defense Fund, for example, and Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) initiatives among Member States), what can be commonly procured (and what cannot, e.g., due to prohibitions against offsets), and how (for example, under the competing constraints of Article 346 of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and the 2009 European Defense …

Is China A Dual State?, Donald C. Clarke

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Ernst Fraenkel’s theory of the dual state, as adumbrated in his book The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship, has attracted the attention of scholars of Chinese law. This paper argues that, contrary to the views of many of these scholars, the model of the dual state—a Normative State coexisting with a Prerogative State—simply does not fit China unless that model is stretched so far as to be substantially different from the one actually proposed by Fraenkel. First, the Chinese state does not present institutionally the kind of duality observed in dual states. There are, for …

Eliminating The Fugitive Disentitlement Doctrine In Immigration Matters, Tania N. Valdez

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Federal courts of appeals have declared that they may dismiss immigration appeals filed by noncitizens who are deemed “fugitives.” The fugitive disentitlement doctrine emerged in the criminal context with respect to defendants who had escaped from physical custody. Although the doctrine originated out of concerns that court orders could not be enforced against criminal fugitives, the doctrine has since crept into civil contexts, including immigration. But rather than invoking the doctrine for its originally intended purpose of ensuring that court orders could be enforced, courts now primarily invoke it for the purposes of punishment, deterrence, and protecting the dignity of …

Shareholder Wealth Maximization: Variations On A Theme, Dalia Tsuk Mitchell

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

In the debate over whether a corporation’s primary purpose is to make money for shareholders or protect the interests of all stakeholders, including employees and customers, some argue that corporate law requires directors and corporations to serve primarily shareholder economic interests. This paper's review of the history of corporate law suggests otherwise. Analysis of the cases reveals that judges did not sanction “shareholder wealth maximization,” but used that rhetoric to legitimate management’s dominion. Early in the twentieth century, amidst the rise of the publicly held corporation, insisting that corporations maximize profit for their shareholders was a means of protecting minority …

Exploring Corporate Stakeholders’ Perspectives On Building Capacity For Employee Engagement In Workplace Wellness Initiatives, Abiola O. Keller, Rebecca Berman, Barb Scotty, Daniel Pinto

Physician Assistant Studies Faculty Research and Publications

Engaging employees with chronic conditions as partners in designing, implementing, and evaluating workplace wellness activities is a promising approach for optimizing the impact of workplace health promotion programs. Yet, there is a need for information on how employees are engaged in this process. We conducted a process evaluation of activities of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research for Employees (PCORE) project formed around building capacity for employee engagement in wellness initiatives. Individual interviews were conducted with the 11 project stakeholders to explore perspectives of the project's participatory process and activities. Thematic categories emerging in the analysis were (1) Commitment and support, (2) …

Privacy Concerns With Using Public Data For Suicide Risk Prediction Algorithms: A Public Opinion Survey Of Contextual Appropriateness, Michael Zimmer, Sarah Logan

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

Existing algorithms for predicting suicide risk rely solely on data from electronic health records, but such models could be improved through the incorporation of publicly available socioeconomic data – such as financial, legal, life event and sociodemographic data. The purpose of this study is to understand the complex ethical and privacy implications of incorporating sociodemographic data within the health context. This paper presents results from a survey exploring what the general public’s knowledge and concerns are about such publicly available data and the appropriateness of using it in suicide risk prediction algorithms.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was developed to measure …

An Mhealth App-Based Self-Management Intervention For Family Members Of Pediatric Transplant Recipients (Myfami): Framework Design And Development Study, Riddhiman Adib, Dipranjan Das, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, Stacee M. Lerret

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Solid-organ transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage organ failure. Ongoing recovery and medical management at home after transplant are important for recovery and transition to daily life. Smartphones are widely used and hold the potential for aiding in the establishment of mobile health (mHealth) protocols. Health care providers, nurses, and computer scientists collaboratively designed and developed mHealth family self-management intervention (myFAMI), a smartphone-based intervention app to promote a family self-management intervention for pediatric transplant patients’ families.

Objective

This paper presents outcomes of the design stages and development actions of the myFAMI app framework, along with …

Accelerating Spatial Autocorrelation Computation With Parallelization, Vectorization And Memory Access Optimization, Anmol Paudel, Satish Puri

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Forecasting Equity Index Volatility By Measuring The Linkage Among Component Stocks, Yue Qiu, Tian Xie, Jun Yu, Qiankun Zhou

Research Collection School Of Economics

The linkage among the realized volatilities of component stocks is important when modeling and forecasting the relevant index volatility. In this article, the linkage is measured via an extended Common Correlated Effects (CCEs) approach under a panel heterogeneous autoregression model where unobserved common factors in errors are assumed. Consistency of the CCE estimator is obtained. The common factors are extracted using the principal component analysis. Empirical studies show that realized volatility models exploiting the linkage effects lead to significantly better out-of-sample forecast performance, for example, an up to 32% increase in the pseudo R2. We also conduct various forecasting exercises …

Digital Tradition (2022), Loreto Pérez Ferre

Grado en Diseño de Moda

La pandemia ha causado un cambio en la industria textil. Por un lado las empresas han reducido su impacto durante los meses de confinamiento ante la bajada de ventas, mientras que han tenido que emplear plataformas digitales y distintos métodos para seguir llevando al cabo su producción. Ante todos estos cambios surgió un nuevo sector al que se le ha identificado como la moda digital. En este proyecto hemos investigado sobre los beneficios que tiene este sector tanto a nivel de eficacia como en la reducción de impacto medioambiental, a la vez que como herramienta para generar contenido. Para ello …

Understory Structure And Heterospecifics Influence The Occupancy Of A Ground-Nesting Species Of Conservation Concern, The Canada Warbler, Gordon W. Dimming, Christopher Rota, Petra Wood, Christopher M. Lituma

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Forest structure and composition in eastern U.S. forests are changing because of forest regeneration after farmland abandonment, less frequent occurrence of severe disturbances, and climate change. Some of these changes may disproportionally affect birds that rely on gap dynamics or other forest canopy disturbances to create understory habitat. The Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) is one such understory specialist that has undergone consistent declines. We assessed environmental and interspecific factors associated with Canada Warbler space use in its southern breeding distribution to understand potential causes of population declines and inform conservation efforts. We evaluated Canada Warbler occupancy from 840 …

Ranked Choice Voting In Mayoral Elections, Bryan Mccannon

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Numerous cities across the U.S. have recently switched to ranked choice voting in their local mayoral elections. Proponents argue that, by allowing voters to fully express their preferences over the candidates, voter satisfaction and, ultimately, turnout will improve. Opponents are concerned over the number of candidates who enter the race, as it increases the chances of someone only supported by a minority taking office. To date, there has not been an empirical analysis of ranked choice voting’s effects. First, using the Synthetic Control Method on three large U.S. cities who switched relatively recently, I explore the voting rule’s causal impact. …

Expert Witnesses And Arbitration Outcomes: Insights From Public Procurement Contracts, Bryan Mccannon, Claudio Detotto, Marco Vannini, Riccardo Marselli

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We explore the use of expert witnesses in arbitration proceedings by analyzing public procurement contract disputes in Italy. Balancing cost with accuracy, participants to a contract select arbitration when speedy dispute resolution is valued highly. Arbitration mechanisms tend to give arbitrators discretion in how to proceed. Consequently, principal-agent problems can arise. Using an IV approach, we show that the use of an expert witness causes a slowing down of the case resolution, without having an effect on the outcome of the dispute nor resolving uncertainty as measured by unanimous decisions by the panel of arbitrators.

Do Elections Encourage Public Actors To Be More Responsive?, Bryan Mccannon, Corey Williams

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

In the U.S. many public services are provided by individuals who are selected in local elections. We ask whether elections encourage public actors to be responsive to citizens. We design a novel field experiment where we send an information request to a random sample of prosecutor offices. Whether someone replies to the request is our measurement of responsiveness. We show that offices whose head is up for re-election are more likely to respond. We also show that offices in states that appoint their local prosecutors are substantially less likely to respond than a matched set of offices with elected leadership.

The Right To Counsel: Criminal Prosecution In 19th Century London, Bryan Mccannon, Zachary Porreca

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Exploiting a novel data set of criminal trials in 19th century London, we evaluate the impact of an accused’s right to counsel on convictions. While lower-level crimes had an established history of professional representation prior to 1836, individuals accused of committing a felony did not, even though the prosecution was conducted by professional attorneys. The Prisoners’ Counsel At of 1836 remedied this and first introduced the right to counsel in common law systems. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy we identify the causal effect of defense counsel. We find the surprising result that the professionalization of the courtroom lead to an …

Sexual Assault On Campus: The Impact Of The Women's Gymnastics Scandal On Michigan State, Bryan Mccannon, Kaleigh Strohl

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

In 2017 Larry Nassar was sentenced to 60 years for assaulting over 300 women during his career as team doctor for the U.S. women’s national gymnastics team and as an osteopathic doctor and professor at Michigan State University. The university received a stream of negative publicity for their role in the scandal. We identify the impact of the sexual assault scandal on the university. Using a synthetic control method approach, we estimate the differences between the real and “synthetic” Michigan State in several university outcomes. We find significant reductions in the number of applications, changes in gender ratio of incoming …

Aacsb Accreditation And Student Demand, Bryan Mccannon, Katherine Starr, Marisa Cameron

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We ask whether AACSB accreditation has a meaningful impact on university admissions. To do this, we explore 16 U.S. institutions which first achieved this certification recently. We, first, document a modest, but nonzero, impact on university-wide undergraduate applications, without any changes in first-year enrollment, price, or quality of the incoming student body. Restricting attention to business schools, while initial evidence suggests that the accreditation is associated with a decrease in enrollments, we show that this is complicated by non-parallel trends prior to accreditation. Compared to their comparison institutions, universities who seek out accreditation were experiencing flatter business enrollments. Correcting for …

Three Golden Balls: Pawn Shops And Crime, Bryan Mccannon, Zachary Rodriguez, Zachary Porreca

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We ask what the relationship is between pawn shops and crime. The dominant narrative is that pawn shops reduce the transaction costs of crime and, consequently, promote it. We explore the alternative where pawn shops address the financial distress of those in need, which reduces the incentive to engage in crime. We exploit two distinct policies affecting access to pawn shops − severe licensing fees implemented in London in the early 1800s and state variation in the classification of pawn shops as essential businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic in spring 2020. For each, employing a difference-in-difference identification strategy, we provide …

Comparison Of Crop Yield Estimates Obtained From An Historic Expert System To The Physical Characteristics Of The Soil Components, Edward Barrow Rayburn, Tom Basden

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Point Count System For Measuring Ground Cover From Digital Photos, Edward Barrow Rayburn

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

WVU-Extension fact sheet

Random Misalignment And Anisotropic Deformation Of The Nested Cladding Elements In Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fibers, Michael Petry, Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa, Md Selim Habib

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HC-ARFs) are en route to compete with and surpass the transmission performance of standard single-mode fibers (SSMFs). Recently, nested cladding elements emerged as a key enabler in reaching ultra-low transmission losses over a wide bandwidth. However, implementing nested geometry features poses a great challenge even in the current state-of-the-art fiber fabrication technology, often leading to structural imperfections, which ultimately worsen overall fiber performance. This article provides insights into the impact of fabrication-based perturbations of the cladding elements on the transmission performance and identifies areas of highest susceptibility. The impact of random outer and nested cladding tube misalignments …

Evaluating The Influence Of Twitter Bots Via Agent-Based Social Simulation, Aldo Averza, Khaled Slhoub, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Social Media is used by many as a source of information for current world events, followed by publicly sharing their sentiment about these events. However, when the shared information is not trustworthy and receives a large number of interactions, it alters the public's perception of authentic and false information, particularly when the origin of these stories comes from malicious sources. Over the past decade, there has been an influx of users on the Twitter social network, many of them automated bot accounts with the objective of participating in misinformation campaigns that heavily influence user susceptibility to fake information. This can …

Enhancing Cybersecurity By Generating User-Specific Security Policy Through The Formal Modeling Of User Behavior, Arwa Alqadheeb, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Samuel Perl

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Organizations today are faced with the difficult challenge of balancing the embrace of new and emerging technology, and securing their systems and data that support critical business functions. Although there have been significant advances in security enforcement technology, attackers are still able to compromise organizations and access. The impacts of computer intrusions have become so untenable that many organizations are looking at a drastic rethinking of their approach to the security of internal networks. This approach is called Zero Trust and it seeks to remove all notion of a trusted internal network boundary. The benefits of Zero Trust include significantly …

A Machine Learning Approach To Predicting Sep Events Using Properties Of Coronal Mass Ejections, Jesse Torres, Lulu Zhao, Philip K. Chan

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) can cause severe damage to astronauts and their equipment, and can disrupt communications on Earth. A lack of thorough understanding the eruption processes of solar activities and the subsequent acceleration and transport processes of energetic particles makes it difficult to forecast the occurrence of an SEP event and its intensity using conventional modeling with physics-based parameters. Therefore, in order to provide an advance warning for astronauts to seek shelter in a timely manner, we apply neural networks to forecast the occurrence of SEP events. We use the properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) archived in the …

Automatic Verification Of Multi-Agent Systems Security Properties Specified With Ltl, Kholud Alghamdi, Marius Silaghi

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

We propose a way to verify security requirements of critical multi-agent system processes by using logic representations and automatic reasoning. The typical multi-agent system considered in our work would be an election system with agents representing their users and aiming to ensure security. Relevant processes are authentication, voting, re-voting, and election verification. The security requirements commonly addressed in such a voting system are: no user can vote unless it got authenticated, no invalid vote should be counted, no vote should be counted twice, and each valid vote should be eventually counted. We show a model of such security requirements by …

Reproductive Regrets Among A Population-Based Sample Of U.S. Women, Arthur L. Greil, Michele H. Lowry, Andrea R. Burch, Kathleen Slauson-Blevins, Nicholas Park, Julia Mcquillan

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Women have many reproductive options, but little is known about their regrets regarding prior reproductive choices and outcomes. Guided by the life-course and stratified reproduction perspectives, this study draws on an open-ended question about reproductive regrets from wave I of the National Survey of Fertility Barriers, a representative telephone survey of reproductive aged U.S. women conducted from 2004 to 2006. The authors classified regrets into five broad categories: (1) none, (2) problematic fertility, (3) unfulfilled fertility desires, (4) family, and (5) pregnancy experiences. The authors conducted the analyses separately by motherhood status. Logistic regression analysis revealed that regardless of parental …

Covid-19 Vaccination In Palestine/Israel: Citizenship, Capitalism, And The Logic Of Elimination, Nicolas Howard, Emily Schneider

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Despite Israel’s responsibility under international law to combat the spread of contagious diseases and epidemics in its occupied territories, Israeli officials have refused to distribute COVID-19 vaccines to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Through a critical discourse analysis of Israeli officials’ statements regarding Israel’s COVID-19 vaccination campaign, this paper explores how Israel evades this responsibility while presenting itself as committed to public health and human rights. We find that Israeli officials strategically present Palestinians as an autonomous nation when discussing COVID-19 vaccinations, despite Israel’s ongoing attempts to prevent the creation of a Palestinian state. Relatedly, Israel justifies …

Induction Immunotherapy Followed By Thoracic Radiation Without Chemotherapy In Unresectable Stage Iii Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Series., Srikiran Dasari, Takefumi Komiya Md

PCI Publications and Projects

OBJECTIVE: Although concurrent chemoradiation has been the standard of care for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to increased survival and decreased disease progression, patients with poor performance status cannot tolerate chemotherapy toxicity well. Durvalumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) / programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis, demonstrated efficacy as maintenance therapy after definitive chemoradiation. However, the role of immunotherapy in those who cannot tolerate chemoradiation is unclear.

METHODS: This retrospective case series reports adult patients with PD-L1-expressing stage III NSCLC diagnosed at Parkview Cancer Institute from 2019-2021 and treated initially with pembrolizumab …

This Is Not A Drill: The War Against Antiracist Teaching In America, Kimberlé W. Crenshaw

Faculty Scholarship

On January 5, 2022, Professor Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw received the 2021 Triennial Award for Lifetime Service to Legal Education and the Legal Profession from the Association of American Law Schools (AALS). In this modified acceptance speech delivered at the 2022 AALS Awards Ceremony, she reflects on the path that brought her to this moment and the crisis over antiracist and social justice education that is unfolding today. Arguing that the legal academy bears a collective responsibility to fight back against the silencing of antiracist frameworks, she calls on legal educational institutions to confront their historical agnosticism toward racial subordination and …

The Short- And Long-Term Effects On The Microbiome Of Infants Who Are Exposed To Opioids In Utero, Dawson Brown-Ezell

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Introduction: The gut microbiome is believed to have a significant impact on health throughout the lifespan, and the influence of infant nutrition and other environmental factors are of particular interest in its development. The aim of this research project was to learn more about the microbiome and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) composition of toddlers of differing weights, considering birth history, environment, and diet. In East Tennessee, opioid misuse is a growing issue, and a number of participants in this study were exposed in utero. We also hoped to identify related effects on infant’s SCFA composition. Finally, it is known …