Digital Commons Network^™

Leishmania Guyanensis Suppressed Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Provoked By Its Viral Endosymbiont, Dmitry Kopelyanskiy, Chantal Desponds, Florence Prevel, Matteo Rossi, Romain Migliorini, Tiia Snäkä, Remzi Onur Eren, Stéphanie Claudinot, Lon-Fye Lye, Manolis Pasparakis, Stephen M Beverley, Nicolas Fasel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is essential to the production of nitric oxide (NO), an efficient effector molecule against intracellular human pathogens such as

The Chasm In Percutaneous Coronary Intervention And In-Hospital Mortality Rates Among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients In Rural And Urban Hospitals In China: A Mediation Analysis, Miao Cai, Echu Liu, Peng Bai, Nan Zhang, Siyu Wang, Wei Li, Hualiang Lin, Xiaojun Lin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Elevated Axonal Protein Markers Following Repetitive Blast Exposure In Military Personnel, Rany Vorn, Rosanne Naunheim, Chen Lai, Chelsea Wagner, Jessica M Gill

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Blast exposures that occur during training are common in military personnel; however, the biomarkers that relate to these subtle injuries is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the acute biomarkers related to blast injury in a cohort of military personnel exposure to blast-related training. Thirty-four military personnel who participated in the training program were included in this study. Blood samples were collected before and after repetitive blast-related training on days 2 (

Use Of Implementation Mapping With Community-Based Participatory Research: Development Of Implementation Strategies Of A New Goal Setting And Goal Management Intervention System, Eunyoung Kang, Erin R Foster

2020-Current year OA Pubs

AIMS: This study aims to identify implementation determinants, mechanisms of action, implementation strategies, and implementation outcome evaluation plans for a new theory-based rehabilitation goal setting and goal management intervention system, called MyGoals, using Implementation Mapping with community-based participatory research principles.

METHODS: We completed Implementation Mapping tasks 1 to 4 as a planning team consisting of MyGoals target implementers (occupational therapists (OTs), MyGoals intervention target clients (adults with chronic conditions), and the research team. We are currently conducting mapping task 5. These processes were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, social cognitive theory, the taxonomy of behavior change methods, …

The Past, Present, And Future Of A Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine, Joshua J Tu, Victoria Maksimova, Lee Ratner, Amanda R Panfil

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus which causes a lifelong infection. An estimated 5-10 million persons are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide - a number which is likely higher due to lack of reliable epidemiological data. Most infected individuals remain asymptomatic; however, a portion of HTLV-1-positive individuals will develop an aggressive CD4+ T-cell malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), or a progressive neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Few treatment options exist for HAM/TSP outside of palliative care and ATL carries an especially poor prognosis given the heterogeneity of the disease and …

Il-17 Producing Lymphocytes Cause Dry Eye And Corneal Disease With Aging In Rxrα Mutant Mouse, Jehan Alam, Ghasem Yazdanpanah, Rinki Ratnapriya, Nicholas Borcherding, Cintia S De Paiva, Dequan Li, Rodrigo Guimaraes De Souza, Zhiyuan Yu, Stephen C Pflugfelder

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: To investigate IL-17 related mechanisms for developing dry eye disease in the Pinkie mouse strain with a loss of function RXRα mutation.

METHODS: Measures of dry eye disease were assessed in the cornea and conjunctiva. Expression profiling was performed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to compare gene expression in conjunctival immune cells. Conjunctival immune cells were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The activity of RXRα ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) was evaluated in cultured monocytes and γδ T cells.

RESULTS: Compared to wild type (WT) C57BL/6, Pinkie has increased signs of dry eye disease, including decreased tear …

Mitochondrial Fitness And Cancer Risk, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Andrew Milcarek, Faiyaz Notta, Gun-Ho Jang, Julie M. Wilson, Steven Gallinger, Daniel Cui Zhou, Li Ding, Jagadish C. Ghosh, Michela Perego, Annamaria Morotti, Marco Locatelli, Marie E. Robert, Valentina Vaira, Dario C. Altieri

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Changes in metabolism are a hallmark of cancer, but molecular signatures of altered bioenergetics to aid in clinical decision-making do not currently exist. We recently identified a group of human tumors with constitutively reduced expression of the mitochondrial structural protein, Mic60, also called mitofilin or inner membrane mitochondrial protein (IMMT). These Mic60-low tumors exhibit severe loss of mitochondrial fitness, paradoxically accompanied by increased metastatic propensity and upregulation of a unique transcriptome of Interferon (IFN) signaling and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Here, we show that an optimized, 11-gene signature of Mic60-low tumors is differentially expressed in multiple malignancies, compared to normal …

Barriers And Facilitators To Diabetes Screening And Prevention After A Pregnancy Complicated By Gestational Diabetes, Drishti D. Sinha, Roxann C. Williams, Laura N. Hollar, Hannah R. Lucas, Bethany Johnson-Javois, Heidi B. Miller, Amanda Stoermer, Graham A. Colditz, Aimee S. James, Cynthia J. Herrick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in the United States, with higher rates among minoritized racial and ethnic populations and lower income populations. GDM increases risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and postpartum diabetes screening and prevention are imperative. This qualitative study examines barriers and facilitators to postpartum T2DM screening and prevention among non-privately insured individuals with a history of GDM in a state prior to Medicaid expansion.

METHODS: Thirty-six non-privately insured women with a history of GDM completed semi-structured interviews. Four focus groups and seven interviews were conducted with 30 nurse practitioners, physicians, physician assistants, nurses and registered …

The Impact Of A Virtual Orthopaedic Surgery Symposium On Medical Students: Increasing Awareness And Knowledge Of The Field, Theodore Quan, Alex Gu, Amil R. Agarwal, Simone A. Bernstein, Alisa Malyavko, William N. Levine, Lisa K. Cannada, Medical Student Orthopedic Society

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Orthopaedic surgery has become an increasingly popular field of residency training for medical students. Many institutions offer elective time to explore areas of interest through clinical rotations and research; however, most of these opportunities are reserved for senior medical students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a dedicated medical student orthopaedic surgery symposium to increase awareness about the field and to assess students' interest and knowledge of orthopaedic surgery before and after the symposium.

METHODS: Medical students were invited to submit orthopaedic surgery-related research to a free, 1-day virtual symposium held in April 2022. …

Rosa Cornelia Veal Papers - Accession 1766, Rosa Cornelia Veal

Manuscript Collection

The Rosa Cornelia Veal Papers document the professional career, pedagogical philosophy, and personal life of Winthrop College Class of 1926 graduate Rosa Cornelia Veal (1904–1967), an educator whose work spanned elementary classroom instruction, teacher education, and curriculum development during the mid-twentieth century. The collection dates from 1904 to 1978, with the bulk of the materials concentrated between the 1930s and 1940s, corresponding to Veal’s tenure as an elementary school teacher and associate professor of elementary education at Ball State Teachers College.

The collection contains a substantial body of teaching materials that provide insight into classroom practices, instructional methods, and educational …

Neurofibromatosis-1 Gene Mutational Profiles Differ Between Syndromic Disease And Sporadic Cancers, Alice F. Bewley, Titilope M. Akinwe, Tychele N. Turner, David H. Gutmann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Prescribing Unproven Cancer Drugs: Physician Perspectives On Expanded Access And Right To Try, Haley Manley, Bryan A Sisk, Zubin Master, Christopher Thomas Scott

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: For gravely ill patients who have no treatment options and who are ineligible for clinical trials, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established the Expanded Access Program (EAP). Motivated by efforts to weaken FDA regulation and sold as providing greater access to experimental drugs, the federal Right to Try Act (RTT) was passed in 2017. It reduces FDA oversight by not requiring physicians to report safety data and foregoes approval of protocols by local institutional review boards.

METHODS: This study explored the views of 17 neuro-oncologists from 15 different academic medical centers with varying experience with EAP and …

The Future Of Ad Clinical Trials With The Advent Of Anti-Amyloid Therapies: An Ctad Task Force Report, J Delrieu, R J Bateman, J Touchon, M Sabbagh, J Cummings

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Aducanumab (ADUHELMTM) was approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the US. This approval was supported by an effect on the cerebral amyloid plaque load and evidence of cognitive efficacy to be confirmed in post-marketing trials. Other anti-amyloid antibodies are under investigation in phase III (donanemab, lecanemab, gantenerumab) and have shown preliminary evidence of a cognitive benefit in phase II trials. Although these agents target a small segment of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD or mild AD dementia, their advent will change the design of future clinical trials both for anti-amyloid and non-amyloid drugs. …

A Conformational Variant Of P53 (U-P53az) As Blood-Based Biomarker For The Prediction Of The Onset Of Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease, S Piccirella, L Van Neste, C Fowler, C L Masters, J Fripp, J D Doecke, C Xiong, D Uberti, P Kinnon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Ongoing research seeks to identify blood-based biomarkers able to predict onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

OBJECTIVE: The unfolded conformational variant of p53 (U-p53AZ), previously observed in AD individuals, was evaluated in plasma samples from individuals participating in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) cohort for diagnostic and prognostic assessment, validated on a neuropsychological-based diagnosis, over the course of six years.

DESIGN: Retrospective Longitudinal Prognostic biomarker study.

SETTING: Single-center study based on the AIBL cohort.

PARTICIPANTS: 482 participants of the AIBL cohort, aged 60-85 years, without uncontrolled diabetes, vascular disease, severe depression or psychiatric illnesses.

MEASUREMENTS: The …

Developing Real-World Evidence From Real-World Data: Transforming Raw Data Into Analytical Datasets, Lisa Bastarache, Jeffrey S Brown, James J Cimino, David A Dorr, Peter J Embi, Philip R O Payne, Adam B Wilcox, Mark G Weiner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Development of evidence-based practice requires practice-based evidence, which can be acquired through analysis of real-world data from electronic health records (EHRs). The EHR contains volumes of information about patients-physical measurements, diagnoses, exposures, and markers of health behavior-that can be used to create algorithms for risk stratification or to gain insight into associations between exposures, interventions, and outcomes. But to transform real-world data into reliable real-world evidence, one must not only choose the correct analytical methods but also have an understanding of the quality, detail, provenance, and organization of the underlying source data and address the differences in these characteristics across …

Sustainability Of Breastfeeding Interventions To Reduce Child Mortality Rates In Low, Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Alexis Engelhart, Stacey Mason, Ucheoma Nwaozuru, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Victoria Carter, Thembekile Shato, Titilola Gbaja-Biamila, David Oladele, Juliet Iwelunmor

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Child mortality is the lowest it has ever been, but the burden of death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still prevalent, and the numbers average above the global mean. Breastfeeding contributes to the reduction of child mortality by improving chance of survival beyond childhood. Therefore, it is essential to examine how evidence-based breastfeeding interventions are being maintained in resource-constrained settings. Guided by Scheirer and Dearing's sustainability framework, the aim of this systematic review was to explore how evidence-based breastfeeding interventions implemented to address child mortality in LMICs are sustained. The literature search included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of …

Job-Exposure Matrix: A Useful Tool For Incorporating Workplace Exposure Data Into Population Health Research And Practice, Alexis Descatha, Marc Fadel, Grace Sembajwe, Susan Peters, Bradley A Evanoff

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Workplace exposures to physical, chemical, and psychosocial factors account for a large burden of chronic diseases. Obtaining useful estimates of current and past workplace exposures is challenging, particularly in large general population studies. Job-exposure matrices (JEMs) are a useful tool for exposure assessment, particularly when no individual level exposure data are available. A JEM provides a cross-tabulation of job titles (sometimes combined with industry) and estimated exposures to workers carrying out these jobs during different time periods. The major limitation of JEMs is that they do not account for individual variation in exposures within the same job. This limitation is …

Preclinical Antibody-Pet Imaging Of Pd-L1, Emma L Brown, Rachel A Deweerd, Abbey Zidel, Patricia M R Pereira

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Programmed cell death protein-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade, including antibody therapeutics, has transformed cancer treatment. However, a major challenge in the field relates to selecting patients who are likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Indeed, biopsy-based diagnostic tests to determine immune checkpoint protein levels do not accurately capture the inherent spatial and temporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 tumor expression. As a result, not all PD-L1-positive tumors respond to immunotherapies, and some patients with PD-L1-negative tumors have shown clinical benefits. In 2018, a first-in-human study of the clinically-approved anti-PD-L1 antibody Atezolizumab labeled with the positron emitter zirconium-89 validated the ability of positron emission …

Polypill For Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Prevention In Haiti: Eligibility Estimates In A Low-Income Country, Lily D Yan, Vanessa Rouzier, Jean Lookens Pierre, Eliezer Dade, Rodney Sufra, Mark D Huffman, Alexandra Apollon, Stephano St Preux, Miranda Metz, Shalom Sabwa, Béatrice Morisset, Marie Deschamps, Jean W Pape, Margaret L Mcnairy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Multidrug therapy is a World Health Organization "best buy" for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. CVD polypills, including ≥2 blood pressure medications, and a statin with or without aspirin, are an effective, scalable strategy to close the treatment gap that exists in many low- and middle-income countries, including Haiti. We estimated the number of Haitian adults eligible for an atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) polypill, and the number of potentially preventable CVD events if polypills were implemented nationally.

METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Haiti CVD Cohort, a population-based cohort of 3,005 adults ≥18 years in Port-au-Prince, to …

Conceptual Tensions And Practical Trade-Offs In Tailoring Implementation Interventions, Sheena M Mchugh, Fiona Riordan, Geoff M Curran, Cara C Lewis, Luke Wolfenden, Justin Presseau, Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Byron J Powell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tailored interventions have been shown to be effective and tailoring is a popular process with intuitive appeal for researchers and practitioners. However, the concept and process are ill-defined in implementation science. Descriptions of how tailoring has been applied in practice are often absent or insufficient in detail. This lack of transparency makes it difficult to synthesize and replicate efforts. It also hides the trade-offs for researchers and practitioners that are inherent in the process. In this article we juxtapose the growing prominence of tailoring with four key questions surrounding the process. Specifically, we ask: (1) what constitutes tailoring and when …

The Human Myocardium Harbors A Population Of Naive B-Cells With A Distinctive Gene Expression Signature Conserved Across Species, Kevin C Bermea, Nicolas Kostelecky, Sylvie T Rousseau, Chieh-Yu Lin, Luigi Adamo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac immunology studies in murine models have identified a sizeable population of myocardial B-cells and have shown that its modulation represents a promising strategy to develop novel therapies for heart failure. However, scarce data on B-cells in the human heart leaves unclear whether findings in rodents are relevant to human biology.

METHODS: We performed immunohistochemical stains to characterize the amount and distribution of B-cells in human hearts, analyzing both fresh and post-mortem tissue. To gain insight into the biology of human myocardial B-cells we analyzed publicly-available spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing datasets of myocardial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells …

Transient Equilibrium Determination Of Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Densities And Affinities In Brain, Jenny-Ann Phan, Dean F Wong, Natalie H S Chang, Yoshitaka Kumakura, William R Bauer, Albert Gjedde

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Long-term alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission is known to modulate the D

The Appearance Of Appearances, Michael Ariens

Faculty Articles

The Framers argued judicial independence was necessary to the success of the American democratic experiment. Independence required judges possess and act with integrity. One aspect of judicial integrity was impartiality. Impartial judging was believed crucial to public confidence that the decisions issued by American courts followed the rule of law. Public confidence in judicial decision making promoted faith and belief in an independent judiciary. The greater the belief in the independent judiciary, the greater the chance of continued success of the republic.

During the nineteenth century, state constitutions, courts, and legislatures slowly expanded the instances in which a judge was …

“It Doesn’T Matter How Good The School Is If You Don’T Learn To Socialize”: Latinx Immigrant Students’ Testimonios Of Coping With Social Isolation In High School, Jenn M. Lilly

Social Service Faculty Publications

Understanding how Latinx immigrant youth cope with the stressor of social isolation is vital to understanding and improving their functioning and well-being; yet little is known about how they cope with experiences of social isolation in school. To fill this gap in the literature, the purpose of this exploratory study was to qualitatively examine the coping strategies that Latinx immigrant students utilized in the face of social isolation in one high school in a newer Latinx destination in the U.S. south. This study employed a narrative and culturally congruent methodological approach, analyzing the digital testimonios of 5 female and 2 …

“There's So Much They Don't Cover:” Limitations Of Healthcare Coverage For Indigenous Women In A Non-Federally Recognized Tribe, Jessica L. Liddell, Jenn M. Lilly

Social Service Faculty Publications

Access to healthcare is an essential component in addressing health disparities. However, the limitations of insurance coverage, and other barriers in paying for and accessing healthcare have seldom been researched for Indigenous peoples. In addition, state recognized tribes do not have access to the healthcare services provided by the Indian Health Service, and there is a need for research documenting their unique healthcare needs. Qualitative description was used to conduct 31 semi-structured interviews with women from an Indigenous tribe in the Gulf South to understand their experiences in paying for healthcare services. Participants described: (1) Discrimination Based on Perceived Ability …

Why Are So Many Indigenous Peoples Dying And No One Is Paying Attention? Depressive Symptoms And “Loss Of Loved Ones” As A Result And Driver Of Health Disparities, Catherine E. Mckinley, Jennifer Miller Scarnato, Sara Sanders

Social Service Faculty Publications

Indigenous peoples have not only experienced a devastating rate of historical loss of lives, they are more likely to experience mortality disparities. The purpose of this article is to examine Indigenous women’s lived experiences of grief and loss in two Southeastern tribes and the relationship between depressive symptoms and recent loss of a loved one. Our exploratory sequential mixed-methods research was informed by the Indigenous based Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT). We summarized key qualitative themes from ethnographic data from 287 female participants across the two tribes, collected through focus groups, family interviews, and individual interviews. We …

“When You Come Together And Do Everything, It’Ll Be Better For Everybody”: Exploring Gender Relations Among Two Southeastern Native American Tribes, Jenn M. Lilly, Catherine E. Mckinley, Hannah Knipp, Jessica L. Liddell

Social Service Faculty Publications

Prior to the imposition of patriarchal colonial norms, Native American (NA) gender relations were characterized as complementary and egalitarian; however, little research has explored gender relations within NA communities today. This study used a community-based critical ethnography to explore contemporary NA gender relations with a purposive sample of 208 individuals from the “Coastal Tribe” and 228 participants from the “Inland Tribe.” After participant observation, interviews, and focus groups were conducted, a collaborative approach to reconstructive analysis was used to identify themes in the data. Within these communities, gender relations tended to reflect egalitarian and cooperative but gendered norms, and participants …

“It’S In The Family Circle”: Communication Promoting Indigenous Family Resilience, Catherine E. Mckinley, Jenn M. Lilly

Social Service Faculty Publications

Objective: We use the Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT) to investigate the framework’s core concept of family resilience and related protective and promotive factors that contribute to greater resilience, namely communication.

Background: Scant research has examined communication in Indigenous families; yet general research suggests that family communication is a prominent aspect of family resilience.

Methods: In this exploratory sequential mixed-methods study with data from 563 Indigenous participants (n = 436 qualitative and n = 127 quantitative survey), thematic reconstructive analysis was used to qualitatively understand participants’ experiences of family communication and quantitatively examine protective …

‘Marriage Is Going To Fix It’: Indigenous Women’S Experiences With Early Childbearing, Early Marriage And Intimate Partner Violence, Catherine E. Mckinley, Jenn M. Lilly

Social Service Faculty Publications

Intimate partner violence (IPV), early childbearing (ECB) and early marriage (EM) are interconnected to the historical oppression of patriarchal colonialism imposed upon Indigenous peoples throughout the world by colonising nations, such as the UK. The artefacts of colonial oppression persist in both colonising nations and those that have been colonised through social norms of patriarchal oppression perpetuated upon women with far-reaching consequences. Indigenous women of the US experience higher rates of IPV, ECB and EM than any other ethnic group—which pose risks to women’s physical, psychological, socioeconomic and educational status. The purpose of this study is to explore Indigenous women’s …

Acrylonitrile Induction Of Rodent Neoplasia: Potential Mechanism Of Action And Relevance To Humans, Tetyana Kobets, Michael J. Iatropoulos, Gary M. Williams

NYMC Faculty Publications

Acrylonitrile, an industrial chemical, is a multisite carcinogen in rats and mice, producing tumors in four tissues with barrier function, that is, brain, forestomach, Zymbal’s gland, and Harderian gland. To assess mechanism(s) of action (MoA) for induction of neoplasia and to evaluate whether the findings in rodents are indicative of human hazard, data on the potential key effects produced by acrylonitrile in the four rodent target tissues of carcinogenicity were evaluated. A notable finding was depletion of glutathione in various organs, including two target tissues, the brain, and forestomach, suggesting that this effect could be a critical initiating event. An …