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2022

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Fluorescent Detection Of Secondary Structure In Pancreatic Cancer, Aaron Bauer Jan 2022

Fluorescent Detection Of Secondary Structure In Pancreatic Cancer, Aaron Bauer

Biomedical Engineering

Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all cancers largely due to the late-stage onset of symptoms and the lack of early detection methods. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) could serve the potential as the next biomarker for pancreatic cancer detection because they directly reflect the state and composition of their parent cells. This work aimed to generate a high-throughput assay by combining immunoprecipitation of EVs with -sheet staining by Thioflavin T (ThT) in a 96-well plate based off previous findings that ThT could be used to measure the elevated -sheet richness found in tumor-derived EVs. This research tested …

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Synthesis Of Novel Biomass-Derived Diol And Epoxide Monomers For Coatings Applications, Catherine Sutton Jan 2022

Synthesis Of Novel Biomass-Derived Diol And Epoxide Monomers For Coatings Applications, Catherine Sutton

Chemistry and Biochemistry

There are few monomers or precursors in the polymer industry that are more ubiquitous than bisphenol A (BPA). According to the CDC, about 5-6 billion pounds of BPA are produced worldwide annually. For the synthesis of coatings and polymeric materials, BPA is polymerized directly as a diol into polycarbonates or, to a lesser extent, glycidated into an epoxy monomer or resin. For coatings applications, BPA epoxy resins are utilized in protecting metal cans from acidic foods and beverages to heavy machinery like farm equipment from weather-related corrosion. In part, this popularity has led to scrutiny of the popular monomer from …

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Development Of Ice Releasing Epoxy-Siloxane Marine Coatings, Morgen Hagerott Jan 2022

Development Of Ice Releasing Epoxy-Siloxane Marine Coatings, Morgen Hagerott

Coatings and Polymeric Materials

In this study, epoxy-siloxane coatings were prepared and modified using various polysiloxane oil additives with the goal of developing an ice releasing epoxy-siloxane coating. Contact angle, surface energy, and ice adhesion tests were conducted to study the effect each oil additive had on the surface properties of the coatings. Additionally, antifouling and fouling release properties were assessed using two micro-organisms, Cellulophaga lytica and Navicula incerta, and one macro-organism, Amphibalanus Amphitrite (barnacles). The goal of which was to compare the ice and fouling releasing properties of the coatings to see if any correlations could be made between the two. One of …

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Multiscale Modeling Of Conjugated Polymers Towards Predicting Their Multifunctional Behaviors, Amirhadi Alesadi Jan 2022

Multiscale Modeling Of Conjugated Polymers Towards Predicting Their Multifunctional Behaviors, Amirhadi Alesadi

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Easy processability, tunable mechanical and optoelectronic properties, and the endless possibilities of molecular modifications enable conjugated polymers (CPs) to be used in a wide range of lightweight, low-cost, and flexible organic electronic devices. However, despite the tremendous efforts in molecular engineering and improved electronic properties, the thermomechanical-structure-property relationship of these semiconducting materials is still less investigated. Predicting the thermal, mechanical, and photovoltaics (PV) properties of CPs is challenging due to heterogeneous chain architectures and diverse chemical building blocks. To address this critical issue, this dissertation aims to employ novel multiscale modeling and data-driven approaches to characterize the thermomechanical and optoelectronic …

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Sustainable Thermosetting Polymers: Biobased Epoxy Resin Systems And Aqueous Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes, Raul Setien Jan 2022

Sustainable Thermosetting Polymers: Biobased Epoxy Resin Systems And Aqueous Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes, Raul Setien

Coatings and Polymeric Materials

In recent years, there has been a desire to seek alternatives to petrochemically derived materials. These alternatives can be derived from renewable sources such as vegetable oils. However, methods for achieving sustainability are not limited to only resourcing materials from bio-based sources but can also be achieved by utilizing safer synthesis techniques, reducing cure times, and eliminating volatile organic content in thermoset coating formulations. This dissertation sets out to achieve a goal the sustainability across different fields. Epoxidized sucrose soyate is a versatile bio-based materials that is typically synthesized utilizing hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. A proposed safer alternative utilizes …

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Surface Modifying Amphiphilic Additives For The Improvement Of Fouling-Release Properties Of Siloxane-Polyurethane Coatings, Jackson Benda Jan 2022

Surface Modifying Amphiphilic Additives For The Improvement Of Fouling-Release Properties Of Siloxane-Polyurethane Coatings, Jackson Benda

Coatings and Polymeric Materials

Since mankind has navigated the world’s oceans, marine biofouling has been a persistent problem with several negative economic and environmental consequences. In modern times, the buildup of biofouling causes a significant reduction in vessel speed, leading to increased power consumption, higher costs of operation, and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Two of the most widely used protection strategies to combat this highly complex and dynamic phenomenon include the application of biocide containing anti-fouling (AF), or more environmentally friendly non-toxic fouling-release (FR) coatings. Traditional FR coatings utilize low surface energy components such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), but often suffer mechanical failure …

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An Evaluation Framework For Business Intelligence Visualization, Hankuan Zhang Jan 2022

An Evaluation Framework For Business Intelligence Visualization, Hankuan Zhang

Computer Science

Nowadays, data visualization is becoming an essential part of data analysis. Business Intelligence Visualization (BIV) is a powerful tool that helps modern business flows faster and smoother than ever before. However, studies on BIV evaluation are severely lacking; most evaluation studies for BIV is guided by general principles of usability, which have limited aspects covered for customers’ needs. The purpose of this research is to develop a framework that evaluates BIV, including decision-making experience. First, we did a literature review for good understanding of research progress on related fields, and established a conceptual framework. Second, we performed a user study …

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Software Engineering Methodologies In Developing A Railway Condition Monitoring System, Bhavana Bhardwaj Jan 2022

Software Engineering Methodologies In Developing A Railway Condition Monitoring System, Bhavana Bhardwaj

Computer Science

With the continuous growth of rail track geometry irregularities due to aging, environmental factors, and wheel loads, rail track requires frequent maintenance. Railroads often rely on the precise and correct localization and identification of track irregularities that significantly destroy infrastructure and create life-threatening environments. Therefore, monitoring the conditions of the railroad tracks is vitally essential for ensuring safety, reliability, and cost-efficiency of operations. Consequently, agencies inspect all tracks twice a week per federal track safety regulations. However, their existing methods of track inspection are expensive, slow, require track closure, and pose a high risk to workers. The technical constraints of …

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Zero-Trust Architecture And Its Cost-Effectiveness On Network Security, Zillah Adahman Jan 2022

Zero-Trust Architecture And Its Cost-Effectiveness On Network Security, Zillah Adahman

Computer Science

Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a ‘Never Trust, Always Verify’ concept to improve cybersecurity by eliminating trust and validating network requests continuously. ZTA replaces Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and provides solitary access to applications and data. The growth of ZTA has spiked over the years, but organizations are reluctant to invest in this security approach. Previous studies cover ways to implement ZTA, its significance, and challenges but provide limited information on available tools, prices, and the success rate of ZTA. This research shows the implementation of ZTA causes a reduction of $684K on average in risk impact over four years for …

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Multi-Teacher Knowledge Distillation Using Teacher's Domain Expertise, Arafat Bin Hossain Jan 2022

Multi-Teacher Knowledge Distillation Using Teacher's Domain Expertise, Arafat Bin Hossain

Computer Science

Large BERT models cannot be used with low computing power and storage capacity. Knowledge Distillation solves this problem by distilling knowledge into a smaller BERT model while retaining much of the teacher’s accuracy in student. A teacher expert in predicting one class should be chosen, by student, over others for that class - we used the teacher’s domain expertise like this to train the student. We calculated per-class accuracy for the Student and the Teacher and recorded the difference between the student from the teacher for all k classes. With k differences, we calculated the median of the differences to …

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Understanding The Patterns Of Microservice Intercommunication From A Developer Perspective, Anas Nadeem Jan 2022

Understanding The Patterns Of Microservice Intercommunication From A Developer Perspective, Anas Nadeem

Computer Science

Microservices Architecture is the modern paradigm for designing software. Based on the divide-and-conquer strategy, microservices architecture organizes the application by furnishing it with a fine-level granularity. Each microservice has a well-defined responsibility and multiple microservices communicate with each other toward a common goal. A momentous decision in designing microservices applications is the choice between orchestration or choreography-based modes as the underlying intercommunication pattern. Choreography entails that microservices work autonomously while orchestration entails that a central coordinator directs the interaction between services. We arbitrate this decision from a developer’s perspective by empirically evaluating the properties of a benchmark system mapped into …

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Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Music Recommendations Using Cosine Similarities Of Various Combined Feature Sets Consisting Of Metadata And User Generated Tags, Shubhit Kumar Jan 2022

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Music Recommendations Using Cosine Similarities Of Various Combined Feature Sets Consisting Of Metadata And User Generated Tags, Shubhit Kumar

Computer Science

This paper aims to compare and evaluate the methods for recommending songs using metadata, user generated tags, metadata and tags, and metadata and top five tags. Recommendations are calculated using cosine similarities with relevant exceptions (artist filtering, tag filtering, year to decade conversion) investigated.

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Chaps Online, Suman Koirala Jan 2022

Chaps Online, Suman Koirala

Computer Science

This paper explores the application development phases of the online version of Cow Herd Appraisal Performance Software (CHAPS). Beef producers and Extension professionals have been using CHAPS since 1985 as a herd management tool. North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension Service and North Dakota Beef Cattle Improvement Association (NDBCIA) developed the first version of CHAPS in 1985. There is two more development iteration of this application named CHAPS 2000 and CHAPS 2020. To modernize the CHAPS application, the NDSU Extension decided to develop an online version of the CHAPS application, and this version is called CHAPS Online. This paper focuses …

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Environmental And Economic Outlook Of Construction And Demolition Waste Management Practices In A Mid-Sized City, Simon Boadi Boateng Jan 2022

Environmental And Economic Outlook Of Construction And Demolition Waste Management Practices In A Mid-Sized City, Simon Boadi Boateng

Construction Management and Engineering

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) left at landfill sites increases the burden on landfills, which are increasingly becoming scarce and costly to operate. In North Dakota, CDW generated is disposed of at the Fargo landfill. This practice may hamper the realization of value from construction and demolition waste. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) was used to evaluate the benefits of two CDW management scenarios. The study found that a 75% reduction in the CDW sent to the landfill can reduce the environmental burden by 35%. Furthermore, replacing raw materials with recycled materials creates net environmental savings …

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Social And Psychological Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Construction Projects, Olugbemiga Olatoye Jan 2022

Social And Psychological Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Construction Projects, Olugbemiga Olatoye

Construction Management and Engineering

As the construction workers were impacted during the Covid-19 period from social distancing to eventual lack of human interaction, it is necessary to understand the changed social and psychological states of construction workers to manage and improve their performance. This study aims to investigate the social and psychological impact of Covid-19 on the performance of construction projects. The survey was carried out by construction professionals including construction managers, superintendents, and laborers. It was found that anxiety and depression, and health risk concern changed significantly in the pre and post-pandemic period. The results also highlighted health risk concerns, sense of belonging, …

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Conceptual Cost Estimation Of Highway Earthwork Construction In Iowa Using Spatial Statistical Modeling, Martha Sebsibe Hitsanu Jan 2022

Conceptual Cost Estimation Of Highway Earthwork Construction In Iowa Using Spatial Statistical Modeling, Martha Sebsibe Hitsanu

Construction Management and Engineering

Estimating cost at the conceptual phase of highway earthwork construction projects is challenging owing to the limited amount of information present at the initial stages. Methods that have been applied in the past to perform such estimates are regression, mathematical equations, artificial intelligence, and others. The objective of this research is to use two spatial statistical methods – indicator kriging and empirical Bayesian kriging – together with exponential, whittle, and k-Bessel semi-variograms to build an appropriate model to predict highway earthwork construction cost at the conceptual stage. Iowa Department of Transportation provided the data for the study. The cross-validation results …

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Investigating The Effect Of Temperature And Lighting On Learning Performance Of Students Using Physiological Responses, Surakshya Pradhan Jan 2022

Investigating The Effect Of Temperature And Lighting On Learning Performance Of Students Using Physiological Responses, Surakshya Pradhan

Construction Management and Engineering

Temperature and lighting level are relatively important parameters of indoor environment in a university classroom because they affect students' learning performance. Previous research primarily focused on analyzing students' learning performance, ignoring the learning process involved and the impact of physiological reactions to their learning environment. This study investigates the learning process as well as the influence of students' sensations/comfort and physiological responses. Experiments were carried out in a university classroom with 17 students performing cognitive tests while wearing an EEG headset and an ECG wristband at different temperatures (20-23°C, 23-26°C, 26-29°C) and lighting levels (100-300 lux, 300-600 lux,600-900 lux). The …

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The Circle Of Life: The Role Of Architecture In The Embodiment Of Grief, Ashton Barta Jan 2022

The Circle Of Life: The Role Of Architecture In The Embodiment Of Grief, Ashton Barta

Architecture Theses

If it is true that we understand ourselves through the other, is it possible that a piece of ourselves is therefore within the other? How has distancing ourselves from the death of others impacted the understanding of the self? Once an essential part of the public realm, death has been increasingly reduced to an efficient process in our modern economic lives. With it has faded away our participation in the symbolic and ritualistic acts that ensured the reciprocal influence of the dead on the living. In their absence, we have gained an aversion which has generated a distance in the …

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Boecraft Continuum, Jared Kaesmeyer Jan 2022

Boecraft Continuum, Jared Kaesmeyer

Architecture Theses

What is tradition? Careening 100 miles per hour across a thin shelf of ice, compelled solely by a precise manipulation of the wind atop razor sharp steel blades? This sounds more like a death wish than tradition. Yet building and sailing a wooden ice boat is an art that has been passed down for 300 years. It is a composition of elegance, engineering, and craftsmanship, yet still is on a trajectory to extinction. In a high-speed era of innovation, where does this tradition find its place? Lake Geneva, Wisconsin is known as the Ice Boat Capital of the World. Geneva …

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Square One Rehabilitation And Wellness: The Effects Architecture Has On Treating Tbi, Emma Dietrich Jan 2022

Square One Rehabilitation And Wellness: The Effects Architecture Has On Treating Tbi, Emma Dietrich

Architecture Theses

Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI, is an injury that affects how the brain works. These injuries may impact individuals’ behavior, mobility, memory, language, problem solving and empathy. TBI patients also tend to feel isolated because cognitive, physical, and social disabilities prevent them from engaging in their pre-injury activities in a normalized way. Depending on how severe one’s injuries may be, one may recover from a traumatic brain injury. However, most will live with permanent effects from their injuries. Recovery at any level may involve years of relearning how to do daily tasks. Throughout a TBI survivor’s recovery process, they will need …

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Hindsight 20/20: Architectural Exploration Of Empathy For Refugees In A Design Solution, Godfrey Tadeo Jan 2022

Hindsight 20/20: Architectural Exploration Of Empathy For Refugees In A Design Solution, Godfrey Tadeo

Architecture Theses

When Albert Einstein said, "A bundle of belonging isn't the only thing a refugee brings to his new country", he must have meant it in the most literal sense because, he was a refugee, Sigmund Freud was a refugee, Madeleine Albright & Henry Kissinger both former U.S Secretaries of States were refugees. The way we treat these names today should help us find the positive in Hindsight and support refugees overcome their trauma and help harness the skills and talents they possess to make the world a better place. This thesis project intents to do just that-Design and Build a …

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Electrodynamic Suspension: The Future Of Rail Travel In The United States, Samuel Klun Jan 2022

Electrodynamic Suspension: The Future Of Rail Travel In The United States, Samuel Klun

Architecture Theses

With the steady increase in population throughout the United States, the issue of transportation is becoming more of a problem. With how prevalent personal car ownership is American culture, the number of vehicles on the road are drastically increasing, contributing to a rise in pollution. Aircraft flying overhead also have a large impact on the environment with the sheer amount of people that need to travel long distance for either work or pleasure. The incorporation of electrodynamic suspension rail systems spanning across the United States will allow a substitute for both automotive and airplane travel by reintroducing a third option …

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Regenerating Space For Community Enhancement, Emily Kreil Jan 2022

Regenerating Space For Community Enhancement, Emily Kreil

Architecture Theses

Urban development and master planning of a large site that lies within a growing city can unify and influence expansion in a community, if done so in a strategic and deliberate way. My thesis project will analyze the community benefits, best methods for urban regeneration, and eco-friendly improvements that can be made when transforming a vacant site into an innovation district. Innovation districts adjacent to university campuses are becoming more and more prominent throughout the United States, allowing for the sharing of facilities and resources needed to discover and create new ideas. Research of other large regeneration projects, as well …

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Of Land, Earth + Sea: A Re-Mastered Beach Resort, Sina Lee Jan 2022

Of Land, Earth + Sea: A Re-Mastered Beach Resort, Sina Lee

Architecture Theses

Beaches, resorts, and recreational activities serve as a main source of attraction for some cities across the world that reside next to large bodies of water. This often leads to cities becoming dependent on tourism for their source of income and identity. However, some resorts do not have the ability and accessibility to resources in order to become sustainable. Small towns with beach resorts often do not have facilities and equipment to progress towards a sustainable resort. The landscape surrounding a resort often can affect tourists’ comfortability and experience around the resort. A master plan emphasizing sustainability and a landscape …

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Reservoir Recreation Analysis: The Effect Of Reservoir Management Agency On Recreation Participation, Mary Mena Boateng Jan 2022

Reservoir Recreation Analysis: The Effect Of Reservoir Management Agency On Recreation Participation, Mary Mena Boateng

Agribusiness and Applied Economics

Dams and reservoirs are created to provide flood control, water storage for irrigation and water supply, recreation, and hydroelectric generation. Most US reservoirs provide recreation in some form. However, there are concerns that certain reservoir/dam managers do a better job in providing recreation than others. Some agencies that manage land riparian to US reservoirs, such as the National Park Service (NPS), are dedicated to recreation development. Other agencies such as the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) might not be interested in catering to the additional demands of recreators as a stakeholder group. Management actions such as boat access, waterfront land, …

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A Field Study On Lidar Sensor For Unmanned Ground Vehicle Navigation Application In Precision Agriculture, Breeya Pederson Jan 2022

A Field Study On Lidar Sensor For Unmanned Ground Vehicle Navigation Application In Precision Agriculture, Breeya Pederson

Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering

LiDAR sensor’s mapping and detection abilities make these sensors an important tool for research on navigation and object detection for robots and vehicles. This study used a ground robot and LiDAR sensor to collect navigational data sets from North Dakota State University Research Extension Center agricultural test plots in Carrington, ND. Three different height and angle combinations were used to study the factors that could potentially affect object detection. Three trials were run for each sensor placement and recorded the distance the laser pulse traveled and the intensity of the laser. The analysis results showed that the data did not …

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Rangeland Forage Growth Prediction, Logistics, Energy, And Economics Analysis And Tool Development Using Open-Source Software, Subhashree Navaneetha Srinivasagan Jan 2022

Rangeland Forage Growth Prediction, Logistics, Energy, And Economics Analysis And Tool Development Using Open-Source Software, Subhashree Navaneetha Srinivasagan

Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering

Forage availability was crucial for livestock production across the United States. Rangelands occupied vast areas 31 % of land and were the primary source of forage for livestock. However, extreme climatic conditions such as drought affect rangeland forage production and pose a serious threat to the rangeland enterprise. This increases the need to monitor forage in vast rangelands and adapt to other measures such as cultivating or buying forage to balance demand and supply. Despite this need, resources (studies and tools) on rangeland forage monitoring and existing forage production, handling, and economics were scattered and scarce. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic …

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Influence Of Plasma Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Profile, Urea-Nitrogen, Glucose And Non-Esterified Fatty Acids On Dry Matter Intake In Developing Heifers And Mature Cows, Samuel Olorunkoya Jan 2022

Influence Of Plasma Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Profile, Urea-Nitrogen, Glucose And Non-Esterified Fatty Acids On Dry Matter Intake In Developing Heifers And Mature Cows, Samuel Olorunkoya

Animal Sciences

The objective of this experiment was to determine if nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiles or blood metabolites could explain dry matter intake (DMI) in developing heifers and/or mature cows in the weeks leading to breeding. A total of 335 heifers and 60 cows were fed a forage-based diet. A general linear model (GLM) was fit for DMI using fixed effects; breed, frame size, birth year. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) had the greatest association with DMI (R2 ranged from 54.4% to 58.1% and 64.4% to 70.6%) in heifers and cows, respectively. The NMR profiles accounted for the smallest amount of variation …

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The Planetary Rift: Awakening The Senses To The Necessity Of Nature, Trevor Guck Jan 2022

The Planetary Rift: Awakening The Senses To The Necessity Of Nature, Trevor Guck

Architecture Theses

Around the world, confirmation of the deterioration of our planet’s ecosystem is evident. It’s become so common that we are no longer disturbed by the incineration of ancient rainforests and depletion of drinkable water and breathable air. History shows that ancient humankind always saw themselves as fundamentally intertwined with Nature and understood that a balanced co-existence was vital for survival. However, as humankind advanced, we have severed ourselves from this life-giving force perceived in the rituals and symbols in the traditional world, pursuing instead an intellectualized agenda of productivity which has had a tremendous impact on our treatment of “Nature.” …

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Suburban Sequel: A Safer, Walkable Brooks Harbor Community, Haley Lind Jan 2022

Suburban Sequel: A Safer, Walkable Brooks Harbor Community, Haley Lind

Landscape Architecture Theses

Brooks Harbor in West Fargo, North Dakota is a new development that expanded rapidly with the addition of family housing. Due to its sprawl like development pattern, an analysis is done to determine the status of environmental, social, and economic sustainability of the neighborhood. From this analysis and through supporting research it will become known what aspects of sustainability this community excels and lacks in. The end goal will be designing infrastructure and infill improvements through a retrofit of the neighborhood to increase the long-term success of the neighborhood. The early stage of a new development is when the community …

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