Digital Commons Network^™

Policing Police Tech: A Soft Law Solution, Barry Friedman, Farhang Heydari, Max Isaacs, Katie Kinsey

Faculty Articles

Policing agencies are undergoing a rapid technological revolution. New products—with almost unfathomable capacities to collect, store, monitor, and transmit data about us— constantly are coming to market. In the hands of policing agencies, some of these products may promise real benefits to society. But too often these public safety benefits are unproven. And many of these products present real harms, including risks to privacy, freedom of speech, racial justice, and much more. Part of “public safety” is being safe from these harms as well. Despite these risks, new policing tech products continue to be adopted and deployed without sufficient (or …

What Is Public Safety?, Barry Friedman

Faculty Articles

For hundreds of years, political leaders and thinkers have deemed public safety the first duty of government. But they have defined public safety rather narrowly, primarily in terms of the “protection” function—protecting individuals from violent harm to person or property from third parties (and also from natural elements). As the first duty, the protection function is privileged. Witness today how we valorize police and other first responders, defer to their decisions without close scrutiny, and immunize them from liability for their mistakes. Yet, is protection really all there is to public safety? For most people, being safe depends on much …

Lemonade: A Racial Justice Reframing Of The Roberts Court’S Criminal Jurisprudence, Daniel S. Harawa

Faculty Articles

The saying goes, when life gives you lemons, make lemonade. When it comes to the Supreme Court’s criminal jurisprudence and its relationship to racial (in)equity, progressive scholars often focus on the tartness of the lemons. In particular, they have studied how the Court often ignores race in its criminal decisions, a move that in turn reifies a racially subordinating criminalization system. However, the Court has recently issued a series of decisions addressing racism in the criminal legal system: Buck v. Davis, Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado, Timbs v. Indiana, Flowers v. Mississippi, and Ramos v. Louisiana. On their face, the cases teach …

Nysrpa V. Bruen: Weaponizing Race, Daniel S. Harawa

Faculty Articles

While the Supreme Court has weaponized race—particularly America’s history of anti-Black racism—to expand the reach of the Second Amendment, it has not sought to ensure Black people have equal access to the right to bear arms now that the right is broader than ever before. More pointedly, the Court has not seemed keen on revisiting its Fourth Amendment policing doctrines that make public carry for Black people particularly precarious. As this essay explains, itinerant invocations of racial justice are inadequate and potentially harmful. While, as some argued, the total elimination of gun licensing regimes may result in the reduced prosecution …

The Perils Of Supreme Court Intervention In Previously Technical Immigration Cases, Nancy Morawetz

Faculty Articles

The post-Kennedy Court has altered its approach to immigration law issues that the Court previously treated as technical. Surveying cases from 2001 through 2018 of technical issues related to the deportability and relief eligibility of noncitizens with past criminal convictions, this Article shows that the Court often ruled unanimously either for or against the noncitizen and that relatively few cases were decided on conventional ideological grounds. Since Justice Kennedy’s retirement, however, the two first highly technical cases concerning eligibility for relief from deportation for noncitizens with convictions were decided on conventional ideological grounds. Furthermore, the Court’s opinions show a disdain …

Extra-Legal Factors In Juvenile Court Outcomes: What Is The Role Of Youth’S Race/Ethnicity And Family Structure In Disposition Decisions?, Vitoria De Francisco Lopes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to the unique nature of the juvenile justice system, its focus on rehabilitation and the population it serves, juvenile court judges serve as the sole decision maker and are given substantial power of discretion. Prior literature has indicated extra-legal factors to influence court outcomes, and scholars have argued that the use of discretion has led to a significant variability in the way youth are treated by juvenile court officials and may contribute to the issue of minority overrepresentation in the juvenile justice system. Yet, family structure has not been examined in depth, especially as it relates to race/ethnicity. The …

Fugitivity, Confinement, And The Afterlife Of Slavery In Contemporary African American Migration Narratives, Juyoun Jang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates a post-Civil Rights-era literary history of fugitive slave figures and their fugitive acts amid temporal and spatial confinement as constituting a tradition of contemporary African American migration narratives. The point of departure for this project is the Prologue of Ralph Ellison’s novel, Invisible Man, where the unnamed Black narrator endures a forced migration to New York, but also invites readers to witness his performance of hibernation in an underground space in a building reserved for white tenants. On the one hand, the low, claustrophobic, and dark space of the narrator’s basement signifies Black migrants’ historical subjection to …

Crime And The Effects It Has On Business Development, Alexis Pimental

Honors Theses and Capstones

This reading highlights the topic of crime through exploring what crime is as well as the different types of crimes in our everyday lives. Specifically, this research paper wants to highlight the crimes that may affect businesses, as well as the relationships between crime and business development. By using facts and statistics, we will dive into the relationship between the two and see why certain businesses may find success while other businesses struggle. We will also be looking at different pieces of literature, reviewing them, and drawing conclusions from the literature being discussed. The literature review as well as assessments …

Analyzing The Viability Of Direct Pcr For Use In Conjunction With Cyanoacrylate Enhanced Fingerprints, Coral M. Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Efficient methods for DNA analysis are desperately needed in laboratories due to the influx in DNA analysis requests. The current DNA processing methods are costly, time consuming, and involve multiple tube changes, increasing the risk of contamination. However, the use of direct PCR can simplify the DNA analysis process by eliminating the extraction, purification and quantitation steps. Presently, the FBI Quality Assurance Standard 9.4 requires all evidence samples to be quantitated. As a result, the direct PCR method of DNA processing cannot be implemented on evidence samples at this time. Direct PCR presents the opportunity to provide efficient DNA analysis, …

Art As Ammunition: The Weaponization Of Rap Lyrics In Court, John Yeldham

Dean James E. McLeod Freshman Writing Prize

In 2017, data from the Nielsen Music Report revealed that for the very first time, R&B/Hip-Hop was the most popular genre in the United States. The genre's popularity has continued to skyrocket, with Billboard reporting at the end of 2021 that R&B/Hip-Hop accounted for 27.7 percent of music consumption in America, followed by Rock at 20 percent. However, despite being the most prevalent genre in the United States, hip-hop music is still fundamentally misunderstood by White American society. One example of this lack of understanding is Billboard's categories themselves: the company groups Hip-Hop and R&B together, two genres which, while …

Access To Counsel For Defendants In Lower Criminal Courts, Alyssa M. Clark, Andrew L. B. Davies, Karise M. Curtis

Other Publications

Criminal defendants unable to afford an attorney are entitled to one for free in the United States, but how and when they obtain access to that lawyer is another question. We examine judicial attitudes and behavior in granting access to counsel in areas where logistics are particularly forbidding. Based on survey responses from 1,091 magistrate judges presiding in lower criminal courts in suburban and rural jurisdictions in upstate New York, we describe both the procedures used to determine defendants' financial eligibility for free counsel, and the logistical challenges that surround securing the physical presence of a lawyer at the first …

Tsai Today (2022), Southern Methodist University, Dedman School Of Law, Tsai Center For Law, Science And Innovation

Tsai Today

No abstract provided.

Data Federalism, Bridget Fahey

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Private markets for individual data have received significant and sustained attention in recent years. But data markets are not for the private sector alone. In the public sector, the federal government, states, and cities gather data no less intimate and on a scale no less profound. And our governments have realized what corporations have: It is often easier to obtain data about their constituents from one another than to collect it directly. As in the private sector, these exchanges have multiplied the data available to every level of government for a wide range of purposes, complicated data governance, and created …

The Unexpected Costs Of Moral Minimization As An Interrogation Tactic, Margareth Etienne, Richard H. Mcadams

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

In The Best Interest Of The Family: The Outcomes Of Children In Foster Care With An Incarcerated Parent And The Adverse Implications Of The Adoptions And Safe Families Act, Tamarie Willis

Wayne State University Dissertations

Approximately 10 million children have experienced parental incarceration at some point in their lives. An estimated 8% of children in foster care were removed because of parental incarceration, with a similar percentage annually for the past five years. Research has shown that 1 in 8 of these cases, incarcerated parents lose their parental rights, regardless of the seriousness of their offenses. The lack of coordination between systems has presented the majority of the barriers to contact between the incarcerated parents and children. And with the passing of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997, this task has become …

The Twinning Of Crisis: Intimate Partner Violence, State-Level Policy, And Female-Headed Family Poverty Across The United States, Julio Montanez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and poverty plague populations as twin social crises. Just as IPV has implications in terms of gender, race, magnitude, and deleteriousness—so does poverty. IPV cuts across demography but has concentrated burden for certain groups. In addition to the many dimensions of violence survivors may face, survivors may face economic abuse, as well as difficulty working or attaining an education. Poverty, measured in relative and absolute terms, is stratified by various demographic categories (e.g., disability, ethnicity, gender), with certain groups facing an enhanced prevalence of the issue. With these demographic disparities working in the background of the …

Graduate Catalog And Student Handbook 2022-2023, Nova Southeastern University

Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice Graduate Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Frsc 201-002: Intro To Forensic Science, David Fisher

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Factors Associated With Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use And Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Rural Americans, Brittany Cox

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Opioid misuse is a rapidly evolving health epidemic in the United States, leading to opioid use disorders, overdose deaths, and disparities in treatment. The rural population may be more susceptible given socioeconomic status, less educational attainment, and lower income. The impact on specific populations is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the association of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NPOU), prescription opioid misuse (POM), and treatment-seeking with race, age, sex, education, and insurance status among rural Americans. The social-ecological model (SEM) served as the theoretical framework. The SEM described the interplay between individual, relationship, community, and …

2022 Georgia Southern University Softball Roster, Georgia Southern University

Women's Softball Records

• 2022 Softball Roster

2021-2022 Georgia Southern University Women's Rifle Roster, Georgia Southern University

Women's Rifle Records

• 2021-2022 Women's Rifle Roster

Social Advocacy: A Look Into How Broadway Activates Publics Beyond The Stage, Samantha E. Aaronson

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

American Drug Policy Reform Through A Rehabilitative Lens, Jordan Dacus

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Prison Vs. Technology In Society Today, Rachel Dasilva

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Mano Dura And Beyond: An Analysis Of Police Reform In Latin America, Ari Moore

CMC Senior Theses

Physical insecurity and high rates of crime plague Latin America. The problem is economically costly, detrimental to physical and mental health, and damaging to political legitimacy, while also fueling a migration crisis and negatively impacting societal views on human rights. The police are tasked with responding to and investigating crime, but have been historically ineffective at doing so. In recent decades, many countries in the region have implemented significant police reforms in pursuit of decreasing crime and insecurity. This thesis will analyze reforms in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Mexico to determine regional themes of reform. The lessons from those case …

Inequalities In Covid-19 Mortality Rates: A Comparison Of Black Americans And Republican Americans, Julia Garbee

CMC Senior Theses

It is undeniable that the Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the lives of the majority of Americans. The effects of the Covid-19 virus, however, are not equally distributed among the U.S. population. In particular, Black Americans and Republican Americans experienced disproportionate Covid-19 cases and deaths. This thesis explores the reasons why these two populations experienced unequal Covid-19 outcomes and determines where to place responsibility in each case. Using empirical evidence, I will first investigate the nature of the causes behind these disparities. Then I will highlight the similarities between the causes of unequal Covid-19 outcomes for Black Americans and for …

Horticultural Therapy Program For Individuals With Substance Use Disorder: A Mixed-Method Evaluation, Emily Maia Bisaga

CMC Senior Theses

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic brain disorder caused by both biological and environmental factors. Although there is no panacea for addiction, holistic adjunctive therapies have been found to improve outcomes for this population. Horticultural Therapy (HT) is one such adjunct therapy that may improve treatment outcomes. Although HT has been found to support holistic healing for many mental and physical ailments, the efficacy of this intervention has not been evaluated in patients with a SUD. The goal of this controlled, mixed-method study is to evaluate whether HT could be an effective component of a holistic SUD treatment program. …

Understanding Chilling Effects, Jonathon Penney

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

With digital surveillance and censorship on the rise, the amount of data available online unprecedented, and corporate and governmental actors increasingly employing emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and facial recognition technology (FRT) for surveillance and data analytics, concerns about “chilling effects”, that is, the capacity for these activities “chill” or deter people from exercising their rights and freedoms have taken on greater urgency and importance. Yet, there remains a clear dearth in systematic theoretical and empirical work point. This has left significant gaps in understanding. This article has attempted to fill that void, synthesizing theoretical and empirical …

Introduction To Julie Bilotta’S Story, Sheila Wildeman

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Julie Bilotta’s contribution to this special volume is a straightforward denunciation of prison-based inhumanity and institutionalized misogyny. I write to show solidarity with her and to alert the reader to some of the ways her story exposes intersectional injustice while enlivening feminist abolitionist prison resistance. I write, too, to challenge my own and others’ thinking about whether or how law (litigation, law reform) might contribute to that resistance.

In her essay, Julie offers an intimate glimpse of prisons as sites of reproductive injustice. As this special volume attests, incarceration in Canada and elsewhere produces systematic gendered harms, including lack of …

Admissibility Of Hearsay Gathered Under Mlat: A Tempest In Canada, Robert Currie

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

One of the most pervasive and longstanding problems in the practice of mutual legal assistance in criminal matters between states has been ‘form of evidence’–specifically, can the requested state provide evidence in such form as will be useful and admissible under the criminal evidence laws of the requesting state?It tends to be common law states that have difficulties with admissibility of MLAT-sourced evidence, and these often develop ‘work-arounds’ in their laws which attempt to relax admissibility standards. Canada is one such state, but a series of recent prosecutions has revealed judicial resistance to the tools employed. This note examines these …