Digital Commons Network^™

Episodic Memories Among Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Ibs) Patients: An Important Aspect Of The Ibs Symptom Experience, Gregory S Sayuk, Carol S North, David E Pollio, Britt M Gott, David H Alpers

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Objective: Some IBS patients possess detailed memories of the events surrounding their bowel symptom onset ("episodic memories"). In this exploratory study we sought to: (1) examine memory relationship with gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity, extraintestinal symptoms, and mood; (2) qualitatively explore memory valence and content in IBS patients with or without episodic memories.

Methods: Referral IBS patients

Results: 14/29 (48.3%) of IBS subjects endorsed episodic memories of IBS symptom onset, often GI infections/enteritis (35.7%). Recall of the exact year (69%) and month (60%) of symptom onset were common. Episodic memories were associated with greater IBS symptom severity/bother, higher anxiety/depression, and poorer …

Maternal Perceptions About Sensory Interventions In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Exploratory Qualitative Study, Julia Lisle, Kylie Buma, Joan Smith, Marinthea Richter, Prutha Satpute, Roberta Pineda

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Mothers play an important role in providing positive sensory experiences to their infants during NICU hospitalization. However, little is known regarding maternal perceptions about sensory-based interventions in the NICU. Further, understanding maternal perceptions was an important part of the process during development of the Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) program.

Methods: Twenty mothers of very preterm infants were interviewed after NICU discharge and asked open-ended questions about sensory-based interventions they performed in the NICU and probed about their perceptions related to the development of a sensory-based guideline and the use of volunteers to provide sensory-based interventions when …

Neors: A Neonatal Resting State Fmri Data Preprocessing Pipeline, Vicente Enguix, Jeanette Kenley, David Luck, Julien Cohen-Adad, Gregory Anton Lodygensky

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) has been shown to be a promising tool to study intrinsic brain functional connectivity and assess its integrity in cerebral development. In neonates, where functional MRI is limited to very few paradigms, rsfMRI was shown to be a relevant tool to explore regional interactions of brain networks. However, to identify the resting state networks, data needs to be carefully processed to reduce artifacts compromising the interpretation of results. Because of the non-collaborative nature of the neonates, the differences in brain size and the reversed contrast compared to adults due to myelination, neonates can't be processed …

Associations Of Polymorphisms In The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha Gene With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease: An Individual-Level Meta-Analysis, Tessa Schillemans, Sharon Cresci, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Cilia Action In Islets: Lessons From Mouse Models, Jung Hoon Cho, Jing W Hughes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Primary cilia as a signaling organelle have garnered recent attention as a regulator of pancreatic islet function. These rod-like sensors exist on all major islet endocrine cell types and transduce a variety of external cues, while dysregulation of cilia function contributes to the development of diabetes. The complex role of islet primary cilia has been examined using genetic deletion targeting various components of cilia. In this review, we summarize experimental models for the study of islet cilia and current understanding of mechanisms of cilia regulation of islet hormone secretion. Consensus from these studies shows that pancreatic cilia perturbation can cause …

A Polygenic Risk Score Based On A Cardioembolic Stroke Multitrait Analysis Improves A Clinical Prediction Model For This Stroke Subtype, Jara Cárcel-Márquez, Laura Ibañez, Laura Heitsch, Rajat Dhar, Carlos Cruchaga, Jin-Moo Lee, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Occult atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the major causes of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Knowing the underlying etiology of an ESUS will reduce stroke recurrence and/or unnecessary use of anticoagulants. Understanding cardioembolic strokes (CES), whose main cause is AF, will provide tools to select patients who would benefit from anticoagulants among those with ESUS or AF. We aimed to discover novel loci associated with CES and create a polygenetic risk score (PRS) for a more efficient CES risk stratification.

Methods: Multitrait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) was performed with MEGASTROKE-CES cohort (

Results: We found and replicated …

Monosynaptic Targets Of Utricular Afferents In The Larval Zebrafish, Yizhen Jia, Martha W Bagnall

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The larval zebrafish acquires a repertoire of vestibular-driven behaviors that aid survival early in development. These behaviors rely mostly on the utricular otolith, which senses inertial (tilt and translational) head movements. We previously characterized the known central brainstem targets of utricular afferents using serial-section electron microscopy of a larval zebrafish brain. Here we describe the rest of the central targets of utricular afferents, focusing on the neurons whose identities are less certain in our dataset. We find that central neurons with commissural projections have a wide range of predicted directional tuning, just as in other vertebrates. In addition, somata of …

The Role Of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps In Acute Lung Injury, Davide Scozzi, Fuyi Liao, Alexander S Krupnick, Daniel Kreisel, Andrew E Gelman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a heterogeneous inflammatory condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils play a key role in the development of different forms of ALI, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is emerging as a common pathogenic mechanism. NETs are essential in controlling pathogens, and their defective release or increased degradation leads to a higher risk of infection. However, NETs also contain several pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic molecules than can exacerbate thromboinflammation and lung tissue injury. To reduce NET-mediated lung damage and inflammation, DNase is frequently used in preclinical models of ALI due to its capability …

Where Do T Cell Subsets Stand In Sars-Cov-2 Infection: An Update, Mohammad Tarique, Mohd Suhail, Huma Naz, Naoshad Muhammad, Shams Tabrez, Torki A Zughaibi, Adel M Abuzenadah, Anwar M Hashem, Hari Shankar, Chaman Saini, Alpana Sharma

2020-Current year OA Pubs

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019 and spread so rapidly all around the globe. It's continued and spreading more dangerously in India and Brazil with higher mortality rate. Understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 depends on unraveling of interactional mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and human immune response. The immune response is a complex process, which can be better understood by understanding the immunological response and pathological mechanisms of COVID-19, which will provide new treatments, increase treatment efficacy, and decrease mortality associated with the disease. In this review we present a amalgamate viewpoint based on …

Advances In Understanding Interferon-Mediated Immune Responses To Enteric Viruses In Intestinal Organoids, Lila S Nolan, Megan T Baldridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Interferons (IFN) are antiviral cytokines with critical roles in regulating pathogens at epithelial barriers, but their capacity to restrict human enteric viruses has been incompletely characterized in part due to challenges in cultivating some viruses

Population-Based Screening Of Newborns: Findings From The Nbs Expansion Study (Part One), Amy Brower, Michael Watson, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Each year, through population-based newborn screening (NBS), 1 in 294 newborns is identified with a condition leading to early treatment and, in some cases, life-saving interventions. Rapid advancements in genomic technologies to screen, diagnose, and treat newborns promise to significantly expand the number of diseases and individuals impacted by NBS. However, expansion of NBS occurs slowly in the United States (US) and almost always occurs condition by condition and state by state with the goal of screening for all conditions on a federally recommended uniform panel. The Newborn Screening Translational Research Network (NBSTRN) conducted the NBS Expansion Study to describe …

A Recombinant Murine-Like Rotavirus With Nano-Luciferase Expression Reveals Tissue Tropism, Replication Dynamics, And Virus Transmission, Yinxing Zhu, Liliana Sánchez-Tacuba, Gaopeng Hou, Takahiro Kawagishi, Ningguo Feng, Harry B Greenberg, Siyuan Ding

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Rotaviruses (RVs) are one of the main causes of severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and death in children and young animals. While suckling mice prove to be highly useful small animal models of RV infection and pathogenesis, direct visualization tools are lacking to track the temporal dynamics of RV replication and transmissibility

The Structural Basis Of Long-Term Potentiation In Hippocampal Synapses, Revealed By Electron Microscopy Imaging Of Lanthanum-Induced Synaptic Vesicle Recycling, John E Heuser

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hippocampal neurons in dissociated cell cultures were exposed to the trivalent cation lanthanum for short periods (15-30 min) and prepared for electron microscopy (EM), to evaluate the stimulatory effects of this cation on synaptic ultrastructure. Not only were characteristic ultrastructural changes of exaggerated synaptic vesicle turnover seen within the presynapses of these cultures-including synaptic vesicle depletion and proliferation of vesicle-recycling structures-but the overall architecture of a large proportion of the synapses in the cultures was dramatically altered, due to large postsynaptic "bulges" or herniations into the presynapses. Moreover, in most cases, these postsynaptic herniations or protrusions produced by lanthanum were …

Bsl2-Compliant Lethal Mouse Model Of Sars-Cov-2 And Variants Of Concern To Evaluate Therapeutics Targeting The Spike Protein, Mohanraj Manangeeswaran, Derek D C Ireland, Seth G Thacker, Ha-Na Lee, Logan Kelley-Baker, Aaron P Lewkowicz, Paul W Rothlauf, Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Michael A Eckhaus, Mirian I Mendoza, Sean Whelan, Daniela Verthelyi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Since first reported in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly acquiring mutations, particularly in the spike protein, that can modulate pathogenicity, transmission and antibody evasion leading to successive waves of COVID19 infections despite an unprecedented mass vaccination necessitating continuous adaptation of therapeutics. Small animal models can facilitate understanding host-pathogen interactions, target selection for therapeutic drugs, and vaccine development, but availability and cost of studies in BSL3 facilities hinder progress. To generate a BSL2-compatible

At-Home Blood Collection And Stabilization In High Temperature Climates Using Home Rna, Lauren G Brown, Amanda J Haack, Dakota S Kennedy, Karen N Adams, Jennifer E Stolarczuk, Meg G Takezawa, Erwin Berthier, Sanitta Thongpang, Fang Yun Lim, Damien Chaussabel, Mathieu Garand, Ashleigh B Theberge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Expanding whole blood sample collection for transcriptome analysis beyond traditional phlebotomy clinics will open new frontiers for remote immune research and telemedicine. Determining the stability of RNA in blood samples exposed to high ambient temperatures (>30°C) is necessary for deploying home-sampling in settings with elevated temperatures (e.g., studying physiological response to natural disasters that occur in warm locations or in the summer). Recently, we have developed

Genetics: Is Lada Just Late Onset Type 1 Diabetes?, M Hernández, Y Nóvoa-Medina, R Faner, E Palou, A Esquerda, E Castelblanco, A M Wägner, D Mauricio

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: There is a controversy regarding Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) classification and whether it should be considered a slowly progressing form of type 1 (T1) diabetes (DM) or a distinct type of DM altogether.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed major genes associated with T1DM (class II

Results: A total of 578 participants were included: 248 with T1DM (70 diagnosed after the age of 30), 256 with T2DM and 74 with LADA. High risk HLA alleles were significantly more frequent in LADA than in T2DM, whereas the opposite was true for protective alleles. We found a lower frequency of …

Regulation Of Rod Photoreceptor Function By Farnesylated G-Protein Γ-Subunits, Alexander V. Kolesnikov, Elena Lobysheva, Jaya P. Gnana-Prakasam, Vladimir J. Kefalov, Oleg G. Kisselev

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Heterotrimeric G-protein transducin, Gt, is a key signal transducer and amplifier in retinal rod and cone photoreceptor cells. Despite similar subunit composition, close amino acid identity, and identical posttranslational farnesylation of their Gγ subunits, rods and cones rely on unique Gγ1 (Gngt1) and Gγc (Gngt2) isoforms, respectively. The only other farnesylated G-protein γ-subunit, Gγ11 (Gng11), is expressed in multiple tissues but not retina. To determine whether Gγ1 regulates uniquely rod phototransduction, we generated transgenic rods expressing Gγ1, Gγc, or Gγ11 in Gγ1-deficient mice and analyzed their properties. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting demonstrated the robust expression of each transgenic Gγ in …

Academic Medical Center Clinical Research Professional Workforce: Part 2 - Issues In Staff Onboarding And Professional Development, Jacqueline M Knapke, Michelle Jenkerson, Peg Tsao, Stephanie Freel, Jessica Fritter, Shirley L Helm, Penelope Jester, H Robert Kolb, Angela Mendell, Megan Petty, Carolynn T Jones

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Defining key barriers to the development of a well-trained clinical research professional (CRP) workforce is an essential first step in identifying solutions for successful CRP onboarding, training, and competency development, which will enhance quality across the clinical and translational research enterprise. This study aimed to summarize barriers and best practices at academic medical centers related to effective CRP onboarding, training, professional development, identify challenges with the assessment of and mentoring for CRP competency growth, and describe opportunities to improve training and professionalization for the CRP career pathway.

Materials/Methods: Qualitative data from a series of Un-Meeting breakout sessions and open-text …

Differences In Subjective Well-Being Between Individuals With Distinct Joint Personality (Temperament-Character) Networks In A Bulgarian Sample, Danilo Garcia, Maryam Kazemitabar, Kristina Stoyanova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, C Robert Cloninger

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Personality is the major predictor of people's subjective well-being (

Method: The sample consisted of 443 individuals from Bulgaria (68.70% females) with a mean age of 34 years (

Results: We found two Temperament Profiles and two Character Profiles that clustered into two distinctive Joint Personality Networks. All individuals in Joint Personality Network 1 had a Reliable (nhRP) Temperament Profile in combination with an Organized (SCt) Character Profile (

Conclusions: Although a stable temperament and a healthy character were separately important for well-being, it was clear that it was the interaction between such temperament and character configuration that yielded …

Chronic Stroke Sensorimotor Impairment Is Related To Smaller Hippocampal Volumes: An Enigma Analysis, Artemis Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Keith Lohse, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Sql Injection Attack Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithm, Taseer Muhammad, Hamayoon Ghafory

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

The structured query language injection attack (SQLIA) is a well-known cyberattack targeting vulnerabilities in web-based applications; it is used to carry out illegal information control language, bypass confirmation measures, and get access to restricted data. There was some consideration given to existing systematic reviews in the literature. Contemporary systematic reviews frequently incorporate both older and more contemporary works in the topic. Therefore, we restricted ourselves to recently published works. For the current study, I used information from 2012 through 2020. Encryption, XML, design coordination, parsing, and machine learning are just some of the methods and systems that can be used …

Introduction To The Data Mining Techniques In Cybersecurity, Israa Ezzat Salem, Maad Mijwil, Alaa Wagih Abdulqader, Marwa M. Ismaeel, Marwa M. Ismaeel, Anas M. Zein Alaabdin

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

As a result of the evolution of the Internet and the massive amount of data that is transmitted every second, as well as the methods for protecting and preserving it and distinguishing those who are authorized to view it, the role of cyber security has evolved to provide the best protection for information over the network. In this paper, the researcher discusses the role of data mining methods in cyber security. Data mining has several uses in security, including national security (for example, surveillance) and cyber security (e.g., virus detection). Attacks against buildings and the destruction of key infrastructure, such …

Zero-Day Vulnerabilities: Unveiling The Threat Landscape In Network Security, Raheela Zaib, Kai-Qing Zhou

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

Today's digital ecosystem is particularly vulnerable to attacks due to zero-day vulnerabilities. Attackers take advantage of these flaws, which software developers and security experts are unaware of, leading to catastrophic outcomes. Through an analysis of their lifetime, discovery approaches, exploitation methods, disclosure protocols, and patching strategies, this study tries to reveal the danger landscape of zero-day vulnerabilities. We examine the effects of zero-day vulnerabilities on network security and the difficulties that businesses confront by reviewing the relevant literature and discussing actual cases. We also investigate preventative measures and methods of defense, such as intrusion and anomaly detection systems and cutting-edge …

Egg-Derived Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Immunoglobulin Y (Igy) With Broad Variant Activity As Intranasal Prophylaxis Against Covid-19, Lyn R Frumkin, Traci L Bricker, Astha Joshi, Adrianus C M Boon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: COVID-19 emergency use authorizations and approvals for vaccines were achieved in record time. However, there remains a need to develop additional safe, effective, easy-to-produce, and inexpensive prevention to reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. This need is due to difficulties in vaccine manufacturing and distribution, vaccine hesitancy, and, critically, the increased prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with greater contagiousness or reduced sensitivity to immunity. Antibodies from eggs of hens (immunoglobulin Y; IgY) that were administered the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were developed for use as nasal drops to capture the virus on the nasal mucosa. …

Post-Transplant Thrombotic Microangiopathy Due To A Pathogenic Mutation In Complement Factor I In A Patient With Membranous Nephropathy: Case Report And Review Of Literature, Maryam Saleem, Sana Shaikh, Zheng Hu, Nicola Pozzi, Anuja Java

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and organ injury occurring due to endothelial cell damage and microthrombi formation in small vessels. TMA is primary when a genetic or acquired defect is identified, as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) or secondary when occurring in the context of another disease process such as infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy or drugs. Differentiating between a primary complement-mediated process and one triggered by secondary factors is critical to initiate timely treatment but can be challenging for clinicians, especially after a kidney transplant due to presence of multiple confounding factors. Similarly, primary …

Distinguishing Tumor Admixed In A Radiation Necrosis (Rn) Background: 1h And 2h Mr With A Novel Mouse Brain-Tumor/Rn Model, Xia Ge, Kyu-Ho Song, John A Engelbach, Liya Yuan, Feng Gao, Sonika Dahiya, Keith M Rich, Joseph J H Ackerman, Joel R Garbow

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Distinguishing radiation necrosis (RN) from recurrent tumor remains a vexing clinical problem with important health-care consequences for neuro-oncology patients. Here, mouse models of pure tumor, pure RN, and admixed RN/tumor are employed to evaluate hydrogen (

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pipeline of common quantitative

RESULTS: Differences in quantitative

CONCLUSIONS: These findings, employing a pipeline of quantitative

Gardnerella Exposures Alter Bladder Gene Expression And Augment Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infection In Mice, Nicole M Gilbert, Valerie P O'Brien, Chevaughn Waller, Ekatherina Batourina, Cathy Lee Mendelsohn, Amanda L Lewis

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The anaerobic actinobacterium

Altered Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Signaling In Variably Diseased Peripheral Arterial Segments, Connor Engel, Rodrigo Meade, Nikolai Harroun, Amanda Penrose, Mehreen Shafqat, Xiaohua Jin, Gayan Desilva, Clay Semenkovich, Mohamed Zayed

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Peripheral atherosclerosis that accumulates in the extracranial carotid and lower extremity arteries can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, atherosclerotic disease progression is often not homogenous and is accelerated by diabetes. We previously observed increased phospholipid content in minimally (Min)-diseased arterial segments compared to maximally (Max)-diseased segments. Since Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that it may have differential expression and signaling in Min vs. Max-diseased peripheral arterial segments.

METHODS: Eighteen patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and 34 patients who underwent major lower extremity amputation were prospectively enrolled into …

Diabetic Retinopathy As A Predictor Of Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes, Joan Barrot, Jordi Real, Bogdan Vlacho, Pedro Romero-Aroca, Rafael Simó, Didac Mauricio, Manel Mata-Cases, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Xavier Mundet-Tuduri, Josep Franch-Nadal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its stages with the incidence of major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) persons in our large primary healthcare database from Catalonia (Spain). A retrospective cohort study with pseudo-anonymized routinely collected health data from SIDIAP was conducted from 2008 to 2016. We calculated incidence rates of major cardiovascular events [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or both-macrovascular events] and all-cause mortality for subjects with and without DR and for different stages of DR. The proportional hazards regression analysis was done to assess the …

Leishmania Guyanensis Suppressed Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Provoked By Its Viral Endosymbiont, Dmitry Kopelyanskiy, Chantal Desponds, Florence Prevel, Matteo Rossi, Romain Migliorini, Tiia Snäkä, Remzi Onur Eren, Stéphanie Claudinot, Lon-Fye Lye, Manolis Pasparakis, Stephen M Beverley, Nicolas Fasel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is essential to the production of nitric oxide (NO), an efficient effector molecule against intracellular human pathogens such as