Digital Commons Network^™

Socioecological Model-Based Design And Implementation Principles Of Lower Limb Preservation Programs As Partners For Limb-Loss Rehabilitation Programs- A Mini-Review, Vipul Khetarpaul, John P Kirby, Patrick Geraghty, John Felder, Prateek Grover

2020-Current year OA Pubs

People with lower limb loss, especially of dysvascular etiology, are at substantial risk for both ipsilateral and contralateral reamputation. Additionally, while not as well documented for reamputation, there is recognition that amputation incidence is influenced by not only sociodemographic factors such as sex, race, socioeconomic status, but also by system factors such as service access. A systems strategy to address this disparity within the field of limb-loss rehabilitation is for Limb-loss Rehabilitation Programs (LRP) to partner with medical specialists, mental health professionals, and Limb Preservation Programs (LPP) to provide comprehensive limb care. While LPPs exist around the nation, design principles …

Primates Chunk Simultaneously-Presented Memoranda, Charles D Holmes, Shinung Ching, Lawrence H Snyder

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Though much research has characterized both the behavior and electrophysiology of spatial memory for single targets in non-human primates, we know much less about how multiple memoranda are handled. Multiple memoranda may interact in the brain, affecting the underlying representations. Mnemonic resources are famously limited, so items may compete for "space" in memory or may be encoded cooperatively or in a combined fashion. Understanding the mode of interaction will inform future neural studies. As a first step, we quantified interactions during a multi-item spatial memory task. Two monkeys were shown 1-4 target locations. After a delay, the targets reappeared with …

Program Adaptation By Health Departments, Louise Farah Saliba, Peg Allen, Stephanie L Mazzucca, Emily Rodriguez Weno, Sarah Moreland-Russell, Margaret Padek, Ross C Brownson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The dissemination of evidence-based interventions (i.e., programs, practices, and policies) is a core function of US state health departments (SHDs). However, interventions are originally designed and tested with a specific population and context. Hence, adapting the intervention to meet the real-world circumstances and population's needs can increase the likelihood of achieving the expected health outcomes for the target population from the implemented intervention. This study identified how SHD employees decide to adapt public health programs and what influences decisions on how to adapt them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: SHD employees (

RESULTS: Data, outcomes, and health department evaluations influenced decisions …

Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis For Tourette Syndrome (Enigma-Ts): A Worldwide Platform For Collaboration, Peristera Paschou, Emily D Bihun, Tamara Hershey, Jonathan M Koller, Kevin J. Black, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics, and high-comorbidity rates with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), major depressive disorder (MDD), and anxiety disorders (AXDs) are among the most prevalent TS comorbidities. To date, studies on TS brain structure and function have been limited in size with efforts mostly fragmented. This leads to low-statistical power, discordant results due to differences in approaches, and hinders the ability to stratify patients according to clinical parameters and investigate comorbidity patterns. Here, we present the scientific premise, perspectives, and key …

Examining Virtual Driving Test Performance And Its Relationship To Individuals With Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders, David Grethlein, Vanessa Pirrone, Kathryn N Devlin, Will Dampier, Zsofia Szep, Flaura K Winston, Santiago Ontañón, Elizabeth A Walshe, Kim Malone, Shinika Tillman, Beau M Ances, Venk Kandadai, Dennis L Kolson, Brian Wigdahl

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SIGNIFICANCE: Existing screening tools for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are often clinically impractical for detecting milder forms of impairment. The formal diagnosis of HAND requires an assessment of both cognition and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL). To address the critical need for identifying patients who may have disability associated with HAND, we implemented a low-cost screening tool, the Virtual Driving Test (VDT) platform, in a vulnerable cohort of people with HIV (PWH). The VDT presents an opportunity to cost-effectively screen for milder forms of impairment while providing practical guidance for a cognitively demanding ADL.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to: …

Cognitive And Brain Reserve Predict Decline In Adverse Driving Behaviors Among Cognitively Normal Older Adults, Samantha A Murphy, Ling Chen, Jason M Doherty, Prerana Acharyya, Noah Riley, Ann M Johnson, Alexis Walker, Hailee Domash, Maren Jorgensen, Sayeh Bayat, David B Carr, Beau M Ances, Ganesh M Babulal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Daily driving is a multi-faceted, real-world, behavioral measure of cognitive functioning requiring multiple cognitive domains working synergistically to complete this instrumental activity of daily living. As the global population of older adult continues to grow, motor vehicle crashes become more frequent among this demographic. Cognitive reserve (CR) is the brain's adaptability or functional robustness despite damage, while brain reserve (BR) refers the structural, neuroanatomical resources. This study examined whether CR and BR predicted changes in adverse driving behaviors in cognitively normal older adults. Cognitively normal older adults (Clinical Dementia Rating 0) were enrolled from longitudinal studies at the Knight Alzheimer's …

The Role Of Endogenous Opioid Neuropeptides In Neurostimulation-Driven Analgesia, Susan T Lubejko, Robert D Graham, Giulia Livrizzi, Robert Schaefer, Matthew R Banghart, Meaghan C Creed

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Due to the prevalence of chronic pain worldwide, there is an urgent need to improve pain management strategies. While opioid drugs have long been used to treat chronic pain, their use is severely limited by adverse effects and abuse liability. Neurostimulation techniques have emerged as a promising option for chronic pain that is refractory to other treatments. While different neurostimulation strategies have been applied to many neural structures implicated in pain processing, there is variability in efficacy between patients, underscoring the need to optimize neurostimulation techniques for use in pain management. This optimization requires a deeper understanding of the mechanisms …

Mobility Disability And Exercise: Health Outcomes Of An Accessible Community-Based Center, Kerri A. Morgan, Kelly L Taylor, Carla Wilson Walker, Susan Tucker, Jessica L Dashner, Holly Hollingsworth

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine how support and guidance provided by trained professionals during a 12-week, community-based transition exercise program, impact health outcomes and continued engagement in physical activity for persons with a mobility disability (PwMD).

DESIGN: A single arm pre-post design was used.

SETTING: Accessible community-based health and wellness center.

PARTICIPANTS: The study included 244 PwMD using a mobility device.

INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed a 12-week transition exercise program provided through an accessible community facility that provided education and support to complete endurance and strength related exercises as well as programming to encourage transition to self-directed …

The First 20 Months Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Mortality, Intubation And Icu Rates Among 104,590 Patients Hospitalized At 21 United States Health Systems, Michael C. Fiore, Li-Shiun Chen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

MAIN OBJECTIVE: There is limited information on how patient outcomes have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study characterizes changes in mortality, intubation, and ICU admission rates during the first 20 months of the pandemic.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: University of Wisconsin researchers collected and harmonized electronic health record data from 1.1 million COVID-19 patients across 21 United States health systems from February 2020 through September 2021. The analysis comprised data from 104,590 adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Inclusion criteria for the analysis were: (1) age 18 years or older; (2) COVID-19 ICD-10 diagnosis during hospitalization and/or a positive COVID-19 PCR …

Psychiatric Comorbidity And Psychosocial Stressors Among People Initiating Hiv Care In Cameroon, Angela M. Parcesepe, Lindsey M. Filiatreau, Peter Vanes Ebasone, Anastase Dzudie, Brian W. Pence, Milton Wainberg, Marcel Yotebieng, Kathryn Anastos, Eric Pefura-Yone, Denis Nsame, Rogers Ajeh, Denis Nash

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric comorbidity, the presence of two or more mental health disorders, has been associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes. Little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS: We conducted interviews with PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon between June 2019 and March 2020. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and harmful drinking were dichotomized to represent those with and without symptoms of each. Psychiatric comorbidity was defined as having symptoms of two or more disorders assessed. Moderate or severe household hunger, high anticipatory HIV-related stigma, low social support, and …

Psychiatric Diagnoses And Medications In Wolfram Syndrome, Angela M Reiersen, Jacob S Noel, Tasha Doty, Richa A Sinkre, Anagha Narayanan, Tamara Hershey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Wolfram Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder usually resulting from pathogenic variation in the

OBJECTIVE: To examine lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and medication history in Wolfram Syndrome.

METHOD: Child, adolescent, and young adult Wolfram Syndrome participants (n=39) were assessed by a child & adolescent psychiatrist to determine best estimate DSM-5 lifetime psychiatric diagnoses as well as psychoactive medication history. In addition, the Child & Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5) Parent Checklist was used to determine likely psychiatric diagnoses based on symptom counts in Wolfram Syndrome patients (n=33), type 1 diabetes (n=15), and healthy comparison (n=18) groups.

RESULTS: Study participants with Wolfram …

Predicting At-Risk Opioid Use Three Months After Ed Visit For Trauma: Results From The Aurora Study, Brittany E. Punches, Stacey L. House, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Whether short-term, low-potency opioid prescriptions for acute pain lead to future at-risk opioid use remains controversial and inadequately characterized. Our objective was to measure the association between emergency department (ED) opioid analgesic exposure after a physical, trauma-related event and subsequent opioid use. We hypothesized ED opioid analgesic exposure is associated with subsequent at-risk opioid use.

METHODS: Participants were enrolled in AURORA, a prospective cohort study of adult patients in 29 U.S., urban EDs receiving care for a traumatic event. Exclusion criteria were hospital admission, persons reporting any non-medical opioid use (e.g., opioids without prescription or taking more than prescribed …

Self-Esteem And Weight Status Of Young Adults: Findings From A Pilot Study, Echu Liu, Su-Hsin Chang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Researchers have examined the association between self-esteem and obesity in past studies. However, most studies have focused on pediatric or adolescent populations. In this pilot study, we aim to explore the association of self-esteem with weight status in young adults, a group of individuals in a significant and pivotal period of their lives whose needs and challenges have received little attention in previous studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exactly 127 college juniors and seniors in the Midwest participated in late 2017. For our survey, we collected the following information: body weight, height, self-esteem score from the state self-esteem scale, grade …

Relief Of Chronic Pain Associated With Increase In Midline Frontal Theta Power, Nabi Rustamov, Elizabeth A. Wilson, Alexandra E. Fogarty, Lara W. Crock, Eric C. Leuthardt, Simon Haroutounian

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: There is a need to identify objective cortical electrophysiological correlates for pain relief that could potentially contribute to a better pain management. However, the field of developing brain biomarkers for pain relief is still largely underexplored.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate cortical electrophysiological correlates associated with relief from chronic pain. Those features of pain relief could serve as potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions to treat pain.

METHODS: In 12 patients with chronic pain in the upper or lower extremity undergoing a clinically indicated nerve block procedure, brain activity was recorded by means of electroencephalogram …

Covariance And Correlation Analysis Of Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Acquired In A Clinical Trial Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction And Exercise In Older Individuals, Abraham Z Snyder, Tomoyuki Nishino, Joshua S Shimony, Eric J Lenze, Julie Loebach Wetherell, Michelle Voegtle, J Philip Miller, Michael D Yingling, Daniel Marcus, Jenny Gurney, Jerrel Rutlin, Drew Scott, Lisa Eyler, Deanna Barch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We describe and apply novel methodology for whole-brain analysis of resting state fMRI functional connectivity data, combining conventional multi-channel Pearson correlation with covariance analysis. Unlike correlation, covariance analysis preserves signal amplitude information, which feature of fMRI time series may carry physiological significance. Additionally, we demonstrate that dimensionality reduction of the fMRI data offers several computational advantages including projection onto a space of manageable dimension, enabling linear operations on functional connectivity measures and exclusion of variance unrelated to resting state network structure. We show that group-averaged, dimensionality reduced, covariance and correlation matrices are related, to reasonable approximation, by a single scalar …

Driving Performance In Older Adults: Current Measures, Findings, And Implications For Roadway Safety, Robert Toups, Theresa J Chirles, Johnathon P Ehsani, Jeffrey P Michael, John P K Bernstein, Matthew Calamia, Thomas D Parsons, David B Carr, Jeffrey N Keller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Over 10,000 people a day turn 65 in the United States. For many older adults, driving represents an essential component of independence and is one of the most important factors in overall mobility. Recent survey studies in older adults suggest that up to 60% of older adult drivers with mild cognitive impairment, and up to 30% with dementia, continue to drive. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and detailed resource on the topics of cognition and driving for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working on efforts related to older adult drivers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND …

Functional Tic-Like Presentations Differ Strikingly From Provisional Tic Disorder, Amanda L Arbuckle, Emily C Bihun, Bradley L Schlaggar, Kevin J. Black

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Implementation Of A Multi-Level Mhealth Study To Improve Hydroxyurea Utilization In Sickle Cell Disease, J S Hankins, A A King, A A Baumann, L M. Klesges, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a progressive genetic disease that causes organ damage and reduces longevity. Hydroxyurea is an underutilized evidence-based medication that reduces complications and improves survival in SCD. In a multi-site clinical trial, part of the NIH-funded Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC), we evaluate the implementation of a multi-level and multi-component mobile health (mHealth) patient and provider intervention to target the determinants and context of low hydroxyurea use. Given the complexity of the intervention and contextual variability in its implementation, we combined different behavioral and implementation theories, models, and frameworks to facilitate the evaluation of the …

Automated Detection Of Vaping-Related Tweets On Twitter During The 2019 Evali Outbreak Using Machine Learning Classification, Yang Ren, Dezhi Wu, Avineet Singh, Erin Kasson, Ming Huang, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg

2020-Current year OA Pubs

There are increasingly strict regulations surrounding the purchase and use of combustible tobacco products (i.e., cigarettes); simultaneously, the use of other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes (i.e., vaping products), has dramatically increased. However, public attitudes toward vaping vary widely, and the health effects of vaping are still largely unknown. As a popular social media, Twitter contains rich information shared by users about their behaviors and experiences, including opinions on vaping. It is very challenging to identify vaping-related tweets to source useful information manually. In the current study, we proposed to develop a detection model to accurately identify vaping-related tweets using machine …

Stigma Towards Mental Illness And Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Adult And Child Psychiatrists In Hungary: A Cross-Sectional Study, Dorottya Őri, Péter Szocsics, Tamás Molnár, Fanni Virág Ralovich, Zsolt Huszár, Ágnes Bene, Sándor Rózsa, Zsuzsa Győrffy, György Purebl

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Stigma towards people with mental health problems is a growing issue across the world, to which healthcare providers might contribute. The aim of the present study was to explore psychiatrists' attitudes towards their patients and link them to psychosocial and professional factors.

METHODS: An online questionnaire was used to approach the in- and outpatient psychiatric services across Hungary. A total of 211 trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry participated in our study. Their overall stigmatizing attitudes were measured, with focus on attitude, disclosure and help-seeking, and social distance dimensions by using the self-report Opening Minds Stigma Scale …

Internalization Of Appearance Ideals And Not Religiosity Indirectly Impacts The Relationship Between Acculturation And Disordered Eating Risk In South And Southeast Asian Women Living In The United States, Sonakshi Negi, Erik M Benau, Megan Strowger, Anne Claire Grammer, C Alix Timko

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Objective: Studies that examine disordered eating in samples of Asian individuals living in the United States frequently combine all individuals of Asian descent into a single group, which can obscure important differences between groups and their experiences of acculturation. The goal of the present study was to establish the relation of acculturation, internalization of appearance ideals, and religiosity as predicting body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women of South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) descent.

Method: Women of SSEA descent (

Results: Direct paths from acculturation to both body dissatisfaction and disordered eating were not significant. Thin ideal internalization completely accounted …

Episodic Memories Among Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Ibs) Patients: An Important Aspect Of The Ibs Symptom Experience, Gregory S Sayuk, Carol S North, David E Pollio, Britt M Gott, David H Alpers

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Objective: Some IBS patients possess detailed memories of the events surrounding their bowel symptom onset ("episodic memories"). In this exploratory study we sought to: (1) examine memory relationship with gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity, extraintestinal symptoms, and mood; (2) qualitatively explore memory valence and content in IBS patients with or without episodic memories.

Methods: Referral IBS patients

Results: 14/29 (48.3%) of IBS subjects endorsed episodic memories of IBS symptom onset, often GI infections/enteritis (35.7%). Recall of the exact year (69%) and month (60%) of symptom onset were common. Episodic memories were associated with greater IBS symptom severity/bother, higher anxiety/depression, and poorer …

Academic Medical Center Clinical Research Professional Workforce: Part 2 - Issues In Staff Onboarding And Professional Development, Jacqueline M Knapke, Michelle Jenkerson, Peg Tsao, Stephanie Freel, Jessica Fritter, Shirley L Helm, Penelope Jester, H Robert Kolb, Angela Mendell, Megan Petty, Carolynn T Jones

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Defining key barriers to the development of a well-trained clinical research professional (CRP) workforce is an essential first step in identifying solutions for successful CRP onboarding, training, and competency development, which will enhance quality across the clinical and translational research enterprise. This study aimed to summarize barriers and best practices at academic medical centers related to effective CRP onboarding, training, professional development, identify challenges with the assessment of and mentoring for CRP competency growth, and describe opportunities to improve training and professionalization for the CRP career pathway.

Materials/Methods: Qualitative data from a series of Un-Meeting breakout sessions and open-text …

Differences In Subjective Well-Being Between Individuals With Distinct Joint Personality (Temperament-Character) Networks In A Bulgarian Sample, Danilo Garcia, Maryam Kazemitabar, Kristina Stoyanova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, C Robert Cloninger

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Personality is the major predictor of people's subjective well-being (

Method: The sample consisted of 443 individuals from Bulgaria (68.70% females) with a mean age of 34 years (

Results: We found two Temperament Profiles and two Character Profiles that clustered into two distinctive Joint Personality Networks. All individuals in Joint Personality Network 1 had a Reliable (nhRP) Temperament Profile in combination with an Organized (SCt) Character Profile (

Conclusions: Although a stable temperament and a healthy character were separately important for well-being, it was clear that it was the interaction between such temperament and character configuration that yielded …

Avoid Or Embrace? Practice Effects In Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Trials, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Jason Hassenstab, Guoqiao Wang, Yan Li, Chengjie Xiong, Eric Mcdade, David B Clifford, Randall J Bateman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Demonstrating a slowing in the rate of cognitive decline is a common outcome measure in clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selection of cognitive endpoints typically includes modeling candidate outcome measures in the many, richly phenotyped observational cohort studies available. An important part of choosing cognitive endpoints is a consideration of improvements in performance due to repeated cognitive testing (termed "practice effects"). As primary and secondary AD prevention trials are comprised predominantly of cognitively unimpaired participants, practice effects may be substantial and may have considerable impact on detecting cognitive change. The extent to which practice effects in AD prevention trials …

Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Are Elevated In Children And Young Adults With Wolfram Syndrome, Sarah A Eisenstein, Raveena S Boodram, Courtney L Sutphen, Heather M Lugar, Brian A Gordon, Bess A Marshall, Fumihiko Urano, Anne M Fagan, Tamara Hershey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Wolfram syndrome is a rare disease caused by pathogenic variants in the

Employment Status For “Essential Workers”: The Case For Gig Worker Parity, Miriam A. Cherry

All Faculty Scholarship

This Article explores what I call the “essential worker paradox”: During the pandemic, gig workers have been recognized as providing critical and important services. At the same time, the law has yet to recognize gig workers fully and to commit to providing them with the same basic protections as employees. The Article argues that the stark difference in treatment between gig workers and regular employees has long created unfairness. While views of gig work as a side hustle or work driven by customer convenience may have prevailed in the past, now the meal delivery driver and the on-demand grocery shopper …

Acknowledging The Racist Roots Of Disinvestment And Abandonment: How Local Government Can Set The Stage For Change, Dana M. Malkus

All Faculty Scholarship

Disinvestment and associated property abandonment are defining features of many post-industrial legacy cities. While the reasons are varied and complex, racist law and policy are at the root. Though abandoned properties negatively affect an entire city, their effects usually disproportionately fall on neighborhoods of color. Law and policy have been major drivers of how such neighborhoods look and feel today. Because law and policy have been part of the problem, they are also a necessary part of the solution.

This kind of large-scale, multi-disciplinary problem is beyond the ability of a single institution or sector to address. Stakeholders such as …

The State Of Speech-Language Pathology In Guatemala: A Case For Creating A New Post-Graduate University Program, Amanda Blackwell

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Speech-language pathology is part of a broader discipline of allied-health professions including occupational therapy and physical therapy. The professionals in these disciplines work alongside doctors and nurses to provide rehabilitative care for people with congenital or acquired disabilities across the lifespan. The organization and application of the field of speech language pathology is in various stages of development in countries around the world. The current dissertation seeks to understand the state of speech-language pathology in the Low- and Middle-Income Country (LMIC) of Guatemala and suggest a specific plan for the creation of a new graduate program for this discipline.

Formal Ethics Education In Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students, Jennifer N. Gaylord

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Ethical service provision is an essential foundational skill for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and is fundamental for maintaining the integrity of the profession of speech-language pathology. While practicing speech-language pathologists are required to complete formal ethics training during each certification maintenance interval, there are no guidelines set forth as to the amount and type of training for graduate students in speech-language pathology. This quasi-experimental investigation compared the effect of ethics training embedded within a curriculum to formal ethics training on the ethics knowledge and self-reported comfort levels of first-year graduate students in speech-language pathology. Two equal, non-randomized groups of participants completed …