Digital Commons Network^™

Legislating Data Loyalty, Woodrow Hartzog, Neil Richards

Faculty Scholarship

Lawmakers looking to embolden privacy law have begun to consider imposing duties of loyalty on organizations trusted with people’s data and online experiences. The idea behind loyalty is simple: organizations should not process data or design technologies that conflict with the best interests of trusting parties. But the logistics and implementation of data loyalty need to be developed if the concept is going to be capable of moving privacy law beyond its “notice and consent” roots to confront people’s vulnerabilities in their relationship with powerful data collectors.

In this short Essay, we propose a model for legislating data loyalty. Our …

Of Afrofuturism, Of Algorithms, Ngozi Okidegbe

Faculty Scholarship

Algorithms are proliferating in criminal legal structures. The predictions produced by these algorithms inform life-altering decisions around surveillance and incarceration. Their continued use poses a challenge to ongoing racial justice efforts. Contesting how algorithms of today maintain the racial status quo requires a fundamental rethinking of the algorithm project. This essay explores how Afrofuturism can facilitate such a rethinking. It imagines how applying an Afrofuturist paradigm to the adoption, construction, implementation, and oversight of algorithms could radically change the kind of algorithms developed and the purposes for which they are developed. Tapping into this potential offers the chance for members …

Ms. Attribution: How Authorship Credit Contributes To The Gender Gap, Jordana Goodman

Faculty Scholarship

Misattribution plagues the practice of law in the United States. Seasoned practitioners and legislators alike will often claim full credit for joint work and, in some cases, for the entirety of a junior associate’s writing. The powerful over-credit themselves on legislation, opinions, and other legal works to the detriment of junior staff and associates. The ingrained and expected practice of leveraging junior attorneys as ghost-writers is, to many, unethical. But it presents a distinct concern that others have yet to interrogate: misattribution disparately impacts underrepresented members of the legal profession.

This Article fills that space by offering a quantitative analysis …

A Qualitative Inquiry Of A Three-Month Virtual Practicum Program On Youth With Visual Impairments And Their Coaches, Lauren J. Lieberman, Lindsay E. Ball, Pamela Beach, Melanie Perreault

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Research has shown that the practicum experience for professional preparation students in physical education teacher education programs related to teaching youth with disabilities can improve self-efficacy. It is not currently known if a virtual program can be effective for the professional preparation students or the participants. The objective of this study was to determine the experiences of the participants of a three-month virtual practicum program. In this phenomenological study, thirty youth with visual impairments and 1:1 professional preparation students (coaches) took part in a three-month virtual physical activity program. A total of 11 coaches took part in 2 focus groups, …

Mental Health, Bullying, And Victimization Among Chinese Adolescents, Yang Wen, Xihe Zhu, Justin A. Haegele, Fangliang Yu

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine if adolescents who experience anxiety or depression have higher levels of reported bullying victimization or perpetration than those who do not. Based on the existing research, we hypothesized that those who experienced moderate or severe depression and anxiety would have higher rates of bullying victimization and perpetration when compared to those who experienced mild or no depression. This study used an observational design, and data were collected from a convenience sample of adolescents in a large regional high school in an Eastern province of China. The final sample included 1481 adolescents aged …

Family Diabetes Camp Amidst Covid-19: A Community Of Practice Model, Eddie Hill, Rowan Williams, Justin Haegele, Ron Ramsing, Bethany Arrington, Laura Hill

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Studies have found that youth are experiencing higher anxiety levels than prior to COVID-19, and youth with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk. Medical specialty camps are a type of camp that provide opportunities for youth with chronic illnesses to share common goals, increase socialization, improve camper well-being, and increase knowledge of diabetes management. The program evaluation sought to determine the impact of a campers’ outcomes of independence and perceived competence and familial impact during COVID-19. Over half the participants were at their first diabetes camp and 71% of the campers felt their perceived competence “increased a little bit” …

Environmental And Social Determinants Of Leisure-Time Physical Activity In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jihyun Lee, Sean Healy, Justin A. Haegele

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Background: It is increasingly recognized that children's physical activity behaviors are shaped by neighborhood environment factors and their parent's support. However, these factors have been scarcely studied among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a population at risk of inactivity.

Objective: This cross-sectional survey study was designed to examine how neighborhood environmental factors and parental support are related to physical activity levels of children with ASD. Also, this study examined if the relationship between the environment and physical activity is modified by demographic factors and COVID-19 related concerns.

Methods: An online survey was completed by parents of children with ASD …

Misdemeanor And Felony Diversion Program Success, Nicole M. Teske

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has demonstrated that individuals who commit crimes and have mental health concerns tend to do worse while incarcerated. For this reason, mental health diversion programs were created. These programs provide individuals with the necessary treatment and resources so they can be more successful living in the community. These programs often differ in terms of program requirements, and the impact of offender variables on outcomes are often inconsistent. The current study examined two mental health diversion programs in a rural community to examine the relation between offender gender, mental health diagnosis, and charge level in predicting program success and …

Multicultural Competence Among Teachers In Indiana, Kevin Rowe

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Classrooms continue to become more diverse, and the overall demands on educators have expanded (Howe & Lisi, 2020). These changes require teachers to engage in cross-cultural interactions, to adapt instructional strategies, to be aware of the mental health states of young people, and to be more active in social justice issues (Baldridge, 2014; Hahl & Lofstrom, 2016; Henderson et al., 2019). If adjustments are not made, individuals who are part of a minority population may be in danger of being mislabeled in, misguided through, or excluded from their educational pursuits (Akamatsu, 2000; Chao, 2013; Gargiulo, 2007; Howe & Lisi, 2020; …

Ransomware Attacks As A Cybercrime In The United States: An Exploratory Study, Ayidh Alotaibi

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ransomware has become a global cybersecurity issue in recent years. Ransomware is a type of malware that breaks into a security system and restricts access to infected users files to request money in exchange for decrypting keys. This issue has increased the concerns of cybersecurity specialists about the rapid spread of ransomware attacks across the world. This research studied the extent of ransomware attacks as a cybercrime in the United States. The goal of this study was to review the effect of ransomware attacks among individuals to rank states by the frequency of victimization and dollars loss in the United …

Spirituality And Community: A Quantitative Analysis On Spirituality As A Pathway To Psychological Sense Of Community Among First Year Minoritized Students, Jason B. Stephens

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Throughout much of American history, spirituality has played an important role in the lives of students of color. This has led to students of color tending to have higher levels of spiritual identity compared to their White peers. Additionally, we have seen increased access to higher education for previously underrepresented student populations. Researchers demonstrated that students with a strong spiritual identity tend to perform better academically, persist to graduation, have more intentional mentoring, and connect better with peers, all of which are common factors of student success. Yet, students of color continue to lag behind their White peers in these …

Sport Specialization Participants: Motivating Factors And The Impact On Academic Achievement And Emotional Well-Being During And After High School, Michael Wayne Prichard

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the phenomenon of sport specialization through the vantage points of participants and the parents of participants. Research questions were related to motivating factors, academic performance, and emotional well-being for the specialized athlete. Participants that passed a screening survey that indicated background knowledge on sport specialization, where they or their child only participated in one sport throughout high school, were chosen for the study. A series of semi-structured interviews took place with participants and parents of participants to acquire a deeper knowledge on the dealings with the sport specialization experience. …

The Impact Of Self-Efficacy And Mindset Of Elementary General Education Teachers Use Of Best Practices In Mathematics Instruction, Esther Goodes

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this quantitative study was to gather information from elementary teachers who use best practices to examine the impact of self-efficacy and mindset. Data was gathered from elementary teachers who use best practices in mathematics instruction. This research examined if location type (rural, suburban, urban), years of experience (less than 5 years, 6 – 15 years, more than 15 years) and differences in primary (grade levels K –2) and intermediate (grades levels 3 – 5) teachers exist regarding impact on teachers mathematics self-efficacy and mindset. The research rationalized the mindset and efficacy trends of characteristics found in elementary …

The Relationship Between Online Social Support And Addictive Use Of Social Media: The Moderating Roles Of Offline Social Support And Social Anxiety, Cara Luchtefeld

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For millions of people, social media plays an integral role in the development and maintenance of social relationships. Social media allows for offline friendships to continue online and provides an avenue to meet new individuals (Ybarra et al., 2015). Considering the pervasive use of social media and its continuous growth, it is imperative to consider the consequences of social media use on individuals well-being. Using social media to gain online social support is a notable positive feature of social media, and this online support appears to offer similar benefits to face-to-face social support, such as having a positive impact on …

Using The Thematic Apperception Test As A Tool For Measuring Attachment In Clinical Settings, Audra Biermann

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the frequency with which clinicians utilize principles of attachment theory in their work with patients, formal assessment of attachment is relatively uncommon in clinical settings (Burke et al., 2016). This is perhaps owing to a lack of familiarity with or accessibility to available attachment measures, many of which were developed primarily for research rather than clinical purposes. One instrument which may represent a useful tool for measuring attachment in clinical settings is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1936/1971), a projective measure of personality with widespread familiarity among clinicians. Although the TAT was not developed specifically as a measure …

Whose Outcome Is It Anyway? A Collective Case Study Of Critical Thinking In The Curricula Of Institutions Of Higher Learning In Indiana, Chad Bebee

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study documented the phenomenology of critical thinking as an outcome in institutions of higher education in Indiana. Applying a collective case study design, the study interviewed educators in three institutions of higher learning and reviewed the public documentation to contextualize critical thinking as an educational outcome in each case. Analyzing the within-case and between-case coding of participant responses, the study documented themes emerging from these comparisons: (1) critical thinking is an essential set of skills for education to inculcate; (2) critical thinking includes creative dimensions, intellectual virtues, and critical dispositions including self-reflection and the development of a critical ethic; …

Understanding Spiritual Well-Being Among Critical Incident Stress Management-Trained First Responders, Harvey Burnett

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Academic Integrity At The Graduate Degree Level: Graduate Student Perspectives On Academic Integrity And Institutional Policies, Jamie Lynn Haney

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Academic integrity research has focused heavily on undergraduate students and indicates that students around the globe are unsure about the concept of academic integrity and the dishonest behaviors that can lead to penalization (Gullifer & Tyson, 2014; Ramzan et al., 2012). The limited literature focused on graduate students indicates they desire additional training on academic integrity to understand and meet institutional expectations (Asim et al., 2015; Atkinson et al., 2016; Bretag et al., 2014; Di Pierro, 2011; East & Donnelly, 2012; Leonard et al., 2015; Thompson et al., 2017). This qualitative phenomenological study examined graduate student perspectives of academic integrity …

Access To The General Education Curriculum For Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities, Robin Thoma

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As changes in legislation impact the education of students with significant cognitive disabilities, teachers must determine how to provide access to the general education curriculum. This is a particular challenge because of the intense needs of these students. Research was needed to examine the materials and instructional strategies utilized to provide access and the setting in which access was provided. In addition, factors that impact access required investigation. This qualitative, phenomenological study included five high school intense intervention educators who had lived experiences of providing access to the general education curriculum for students with significant cognitive disabilities. Observation and interviews …

Understanding, Promoting And Supporting Lgbtqi+ Diversity In Legal Education, Aidan Ricciardo, Shane L. Rogers, Stephen D. Puttick, Natalie Skead, Stella Tarrant, Melville Thomas

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Australian law schools are becoming increasingly diverse. Yet, there is very little quantitative or qualitative data on diversity in law schools and even less research examining how students’ diverse backgrounds and social identities–including their sexual orientation and gender identity–affect their law student experience. This article begins to fill this gap in the literature by reporting the findings from a study examining the law school experiences of LGBTQI+ students at all law schools within a single Australian state. The study reveals that much of the law school experience is similar for both LGBTQI+ and non-LGBTQI+ students, and that LGBTQI+ law students …

Mindfulness, Recovery-Stress Balance, And Well-Being Among University Dance Students, Peta Blevins, Gene Moyle, Shona Erskine, Luke Hopper

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Dance students face many physical and psychological stressors in their training and daily lives, therefore methods for coping with stress are essential for performance enhancement and general wellbeing. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between mindfulness, stress, recovery, and wellbeing among university level vocational dance students. Seventy-two dance students at two Australian universities completed online self-report measures of mindfulness, recovery-stress states, and affect. Correlation coefficients indicated a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and positive affect, and significant negative relationships between mindfulness and stress, and mindfulness and negative affect. MANOVA revealed differences between high mindfulness and low mindfulness groups on …

Utilising A Systematic Review-Based Approach To Create A Database Of Individual Participant Data For Meta- And Network Meta-Analyses: The Release Database Of Aphasia After Stroke, Louise R. Williams, Myzoon Ali, Kathryn Vandenberg, Linda J. Williams, Masahiro Abo, Frank Becker, Audrey Bowen, Caitlin Brandenburg, Caterina Breitenstein, Stefanie Bruehl, David A. Copland, Tamara B. Cranfill, Marie Di Pietro-Bachmann, Pamela Enderby, Joanne Fillingham, Federica Lucia Galli, Marialuisa Gandolfi, Bertrand Glize, Erin Godecke, Neil Hawkins, Katerina Hilari, Jacqueline Hinckley, Simon Horton, David Howard, Petra Jaecks, Elizabeth Jefferies, Luis M T Jesus, Maria Kambanaros, Eun K. Kang, Eman M. Khedr, Anthony P H Kong, Tarja Kukkonen, Marina Laganaro, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, Ann C. Laska, Béatrice Leemann, Alexander P. Leff, Roxele R. Lima, Antje Lorenz, Brian Macwhinney, Rebecca S. Marshall, Flavia Mattioli, İlknur Maviş, Marcus Meinzer, Reza Nilipour, Enrique Noé, Nam-Jong Paik, Rebecca Palmer, Ilias Papathanasiou, Brigida F. Patricio, Isabel P. Martins, Cathy Price, Tatjana P. Jakovac, Elizabeth Rochon, Miranda L. Rose, Charlotte Rosso, Ilona Rubi-Fessen, Marina B. Ruiter, Claerwen Snell, Benjamin Stahl, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, Shirley A. Thomas, Mieke Van De Sandt-Koenderman, Ineke Van Der Meulen, Evy Visch-Brink, Linda Worrall, Heather H. Wright, Marian C. Brady, The Release Collaborators

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Collation of aphasia research data across settings, countries and study designs using big data principles will support analyses across different language modalities, levels of impairment, and therapy interventions in this heterogeneous population. Big data approaches in aphasia research may support vital analyses, which are unachievable within individual trial datasets. However, we lack insight into the requirements for a systematically created database, the feasibility and challenges and potential utility of the type of data collated. Aim: To report the development, preparation and establishment of an internationally agreed aphasia after stroke research database of individual participant data (IPD) to facilitate planned …

Exploring Specific Predictors Of Psychosis Onset Over A 2-Year Period: A Decision-Tree Model, Jone Bjornestad, Tore Tjora, Johannes H. Langeveld, Helen J. Stain, Inge Joa, Jan Olav Johannessen, Michelle Friedman-Yakoobian, Wenche Ten Velden Hegelstad

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Aim: The fluctuating symptoms of clinical high risk for psychosis hamper conversion prediction models. Exploring specific symptoms using machine-learning has proven fruitful in accommodating this challenge. The aim of this study is to explore specific predictors and generate atheoretical hypotheses of onset using a close-monitoring, machine-learning approach. Methods: Study participants, N = 96, mean age 16.55 years, male to female ratio 46:54%, were recruited from the Prevention of Psychosis Study in Rogaland, Norway. Participants were assessed using the Structured Interview for Psychosis Risk Syndromes (SIPS) at 13 separate assessment time points across 2 years, yielding 247 specific scores. A machine-learning …

Alzheimer's Disease Research Progress In Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium In Sydney, Claire E. Sexton, Kaarin J. Anstey, Filippo Baldacci, C. J. Barnum, Anna M. Barron, Kaj Blennow, Henry Brodaty, Samantha Burnham, Fanny M. Elahi, Jürgen Götz, Yun-Hee Jeon, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui, Susan M. Landau, Nicola T. Lautenschlager, Simon M. Laws, Darren M. Lipnicki, Hanzhang Lu, Colin L. Masters, Wendy Moyle, Akinori Nakamura, Giulio Maria Pasinetti, Naren Rao, Christopher Rowe, Perminder S. Sachdev, Peter R. Schofield, Einar M. Sigurdsson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The Alzheimer's Association International Conference held its sixth Satellite Symposium in Sydney, Australia in 2019, highlighting the leadership of Australian researchers in advancing the understanding of and treatment developments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. This leadership includes the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which has fueled the identification and development of many biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Two multimodal lifestyle intervention studies have been launched in Australia; and Australian researchers have played leadership roles in other global studies in diverse populations. Australian researchers have also played an instrumental role in efforts to understand mechanisms …

‘Own Your Narrative’: Teenagers As Producers And Consumers Of Porn In Netflix’S Sex Education, Debra Dudek, Giselle Woodley, Lelia Green

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Netflix’s Sex Education both represents sex education and educates viewers about sex. From the opening scene of the first episode, viewers are positioned to see this series as one that is not afraid to represent explicitly the details of a range of sexual experiences. The series’ frank depiction of sexual relationships between characters, and its exploration of characters’ hopes, fears, and choices regarding ways to express their sexual desire is, arguably, ground-breaking. This paper focuses upon the ways in which the series represents young people as producers and consumers of pornographic/erotic narratives, harnessing the communication options within their social settings …

Patients’ Experiences Of A Communication Enhanced Environment Model On An Acute/Slow Stream Rehabilitation And A Rehabilitation Ward Following Stroke: A Qualitative Description Approach, Sarah D'Souza, Deborah J. Hersh, Erin Godecke, Natalie Ciccone, Heidi Janssen, Elizabeth Armstrong

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Patients in hospital following stroke express a desire to continue therapy tasks outside of treatment activities. However, they commonly describe experiences of boredom and inactivity. An enriched environment aims to provide opportunities for physical, cognitive and social activity and informed the development of a Communication Enhanced Environment (CEE) model to promote patient engagement in language activities.

Purpose

Explore patient perceptions of a CEE model, and barriers and facilitators to engagement in the model.

Methods

A qualitative description study from a larger project that implemented a CEE model into acute and rehabilitation private hospital wards in Western Australia. Semi-structured interviews …

Protocol For The Development Of The International Population Registry For Aphasia After Stroke (I-Praise), M. Ali, A. L. Ben Basat, M. Berthier, M. B. Johansson, C. Breitenstein, D. A. Cadilhac, F. Constantinidou, M. Cruice, G. Davila, M. Gandolfi, M. Gil, R. Grima, Erin Godecke, L. Jesus, L. M. Jiminez, M. Kambanaros, T. Kukkonen, A. Laska, I. Mavis, R. Mc Menamin, C. Mendez-Orellana, H. Obrig, P. Ostberg, H. Robson, K. Sage, M. Van De Sandt-Koenderman, K. Sprecht, E. Visch-Brink, E. Wehling, S. Wielaert, S. J. Wallace, L. J. Williams, M. C. Brady

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: We require high-quality information on the current burden, the types of therapy and resources available, methods of delivery, care pathways and long-term outcomes for people with aphasia. Aim: To document and inform international delivery of post-stroke aphasia treatment, to optimise recovery and reintegration of people with aphasia. Methods & Procedures: Multi-centre, prospective, non-randomised, open study, employing blinded outcome assessment, where appropriate, including people with post-stroke aphasia, able to attend for 30 minutes during the initial language assessment, at first contact with a speech and language therapist for assessment of aphasia at participating sites. There is no study-mandated intervention. Assessments …

Work-Based Concerns Of Australian Frontline Healthcare Workers During The First Wave Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Michella Hill, Erin Smith, Brennen W. Mills

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective: This research sought to gauge the extent to which doctors, nurses and paramedics in Australia were concerned about contracting SARS-CoV-2 during the country's first wave of the virus in April 2020.

Methods: Australian registered doctors, nurses and paramedics (n=580) completed an online questionnaire during April 16–30, 2020 (period immediately following the highest four-week period (first wave) of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases in Australia).

Results: During April 2020, two-thirds of participants felt it was likely they would contract SARS-CoV-2 at work. Half the participants suggested Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) supplies were inadequate for them to safely perform their job, with two-thirds …

Why Do Parents Refuse Childhood Vaccination? Reasons Reported In Finland, Johanna Nurmi, Bronwyn Harman

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Aims: This article examines the reasons for partial and complete refusal of childhood vaccination as reported by parents in Finland. It analyzes perceptions and experiences central in vaccination decisions. Methods: The analysis is based on 38 in-depth interviews with Finnish parents who have refused all or several vaccines for their children. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories of reasons were identified in the analysis: 1) risks and effects of vaccination – concern about and/or experiences of possible side-effects was the most important reason for avoiding vaccines; 2) distrust – participants did not trust vaccination recommendations …

Machine Infelicity In A Poignant Visitor Setting: Comparing Human And Ai’S Ability To Analyze Discourse, Martin Maccarthy, Hairong Shan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study compares the efficacy of computer and human analytics in a commemorative setting. Both deductive and inductive reasoning are compared using the same data across both methods. The data comprises 2490 non-repeated, non-dialogical social media comments from the popular touristic site Tripadvisor. Included in the analysis is participant observation at two Anzac commemorative sites, one in Western Australia and one in Northern France. The data is then processed using both Leximancer V4.51 and Dialectic Thematic Analysis. The findings demonstrate artificial intelligence (AI) was incapable of insight beyond metric-driven content analysis. While fully deduced by human analysis the metamodel was …