Digital Commons Network^™

Incremental Improvements: Examining Instructional Changes And Rationales Of K-12 Online Teachers Using The Picrat And 4e Frameworks, Jered Borup, Rocio Quiroga Velasquez, Charles R. Graham, Leanna Archambault, Royce Kimmons

Faculty Publications

Teacher preparation programs have been slow to prepare teachers for the online environment, leaving many online teachers needing to learn on the job. However, little research has examined how online teachers grow as educators. One way to better understand this growth is to examine the changes online teachers make in their instruction and their rationales for making them. In this qualitative case study, we surveyed online teachers three times during an academic year regarding their instructional changes. Participants described these changes and categorized them on a modified PICRAT matrix to indicate if the changes made student learning more passive, interactive, …

Providing Institutional Support For Academic Engagement In Online And Blended Learning Programs, Sara Tuiloma, Charles R. Graham, Adriana María Martinez Arias, Diana Maria Parra Caicedo

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we examine how universities can evaluate the level of support they provide to help their students with affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement in their online and blended learning experiences. Additionally, it identifies what types of supports help students engage academically and what barriers hinder their online engagement. Using a survey instrument sent to university students (n = 1295), we conducted a mixed-methods analysis to understand better how students feel the institution supports their online engagement and what barriers they experience. To accomplish this, we addressed the following research questions: (1) How do students feel the institution supports …

Fairness And Luck: Contract Away Or Come What May?, H. Scott Asay, Jace Garrett, William B. Tayler

Faculty Publications

In practice, managers and employees often enter into risky, uncertain contracts. Prior works shows that managers use ex post discretion to reduce the effect of uncontrollable “bad luck” on employees’ performance-based compensation, but do not use ex post discretion to reduce the effect of uncontrollable “good luck,” due to fairness concerns. We investigate whether ex ante, objective compensation plans can help address the fairness concerns that lead to this asymmetric treatment of uncontrollable events. We provide evidence that compensation plans that account for uncontrollable factors can reduce differences between individuals’ fairness perceptions in good and bad luck settings. However, controlling …

An Fmri Investigation Of The Neurocognitive Processing Of Measures And Strategic Objectives, Paul Black, C. Brock Kirwan, Thomas Meservy, William B. Tayler, Jeffrey O. Williams

Faculty Publications

A central feature of most organizations is the use of measures to represent key elements of performance across multiple strategic objectives. Prior research has demonstrated a tendency for individuals to treat these measures as though they are the higher-order strategic objectives the measures were intended to represent, as opposed to imperfect representations of those strategic objectives—a phenomenon labeled surrogation. We employ an experiment to further understand this phenomenon. In this study, we capture neural activation when processing measures and when processing strategic objectives. We find that differences in brain activity when processing measures and strategic objectives are similar to the …

Evidence On Internal Audit Quality From Transitioning To Remote Audits Because Of Covid-19, Marc Eulerich, Martin Wagener, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

As in-person audits were banned by governments and by company policies due to the COVID-19 pandemic, internal auditors had to transition to remote audits to perform their work. Based on survey responses of internal auditors who have conducted both remote and in-person audits, we find that internal auditors perceive no difference in the efficiency and effectiveness of and stakeholders’ reliance on results from remote and in-person audits when considering all responses. However, we also find that perceived efficiency and effectiveness increase the more experience internal auditors have with remote audits. Supplemental analyses show that support from the auditee, but not …

Supporting Educators Towards More Inclusive Design Of Entrepreneurship Courses, Sylvia Gavigan, Iulia Clitan, Antonio Juan Briones Penalver, Deirdre Mcquillan, Ovidiu Stan, Antonia Christou

Papers

This paper explores inclusive entrepreneurship course design across European universities. Drawing a sample of six cases across five universities the paper adopts a multiple case study research design to explore how educators are supporting the Missing Entrepreneurs according to the OECD definition (women, people with disability, refugees and migrants, young people and seniors). The findings show interesting and innovative pedagogical approaches to emerge by analogy and replication. The paper provides empirical and practical contribution for educators in terms of developing entrepreneurship courses according to the principles of universal design for learning drawing on needs of the Missing Entrepreneurs. The Paper …

Re-Imagining Andragogy For Innovative And Inclusive Leadership Training For Minority Women In Higher Education, Sylvia Gavigan, Nicholas Kiruma, Liz Murphy, Kingsley Author

Papers

The purpose of this case study undertaken in 2021 was to explore the different ways educators in higher education might implement innovative andragogical practices for inclusive leadership training for minority women. There is need for minority women to develop abilities to make personal adjustments as well as receive support from external structures if they are to benefit from leadership training programs and to be successful leaders (Flower, 2021). The potential for innovation to shift towards a more engaged form of teaching and learning is very important in the 21st Century especially for the inclusion of minority women in leadership in …

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines On The Management Of Pain In Older People – A Summary Report, Patricia Schofield, Margaret Dunham, Denis Martin, Gary Bellamy, Sally Anne Francis, Dave Sookhoo, Antonio Bonacaro, Eshtar Hamid, Rebecca Chandler, Aza Abdulla, Mike Cumberbatch, Roger Knaggs

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop an update of the evidence-based guidelines for the management of pain in older people. Design: Review of evidence since 2010 using a systematic and consensus approach is performed. Results: Recognition of the type of pain and routine assessment of pain should inform the use of specific environmental, behavioural and pharmacological interventions. Individualised care plans and analgesic protocols for specific clinical situations, patients and health care settings can be developed from these guidelines. Conclusion: Management of pain must be considered as an important component of the health care provided to all people, …

Mothers’ Understanding Of Brain Development In Early Childhood: A Qualitative Study In Brazil, Marina Sayuri Yakuwa, Letícia Pancieri, Sarah Neill, Mello Df De

School of Nursing and Midwifery

To analyze mothers’ understanding of child brain development and their stimulus practices with children in the first months of life. Qualitative research, with 18 Brazilian mothers, over 18 years of age, used semi-structured interviews to identify their perspectives on important healthcare outcomes, based on reflexive thematic analysis. Mother’s accounts displayed little understanding of child brain development, focusing on the development of neuropsychomotor skills. There was relative uncertainty about the daily care practices that would provide appropriate child stimuli, through which to provide promotion and protection of child development. Maternal knowledge about child brain development indicates a need to strengthen parenting …

Loot Boxes And Problem Gambling: Investigating The “Gateway Hypothesis”, Stuart Gordon Spicer, Chris Fullwood, James Close, Laura Louise Nicklin, J Lloyd, H Lloyd

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Brief Opportunistic Interventions By General Practitioners To Promote Smoking Cessation: A Conversation Analytic Study, H. Wheat, R. K. Barnes, P. Aveyard, F. Stevenson, R. Begh

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Covid Lockdowns In The Uk: Estimating Their Effects On Transmission, Emily Prestige, Julian Stander, Yinghui Wei

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Depth And Latitudinal Gradients Of Diversity In Seamount Benthic Communities, Amelia E.H. Bridges, David K.A. Barnes, James B. Bell, Rebecca E. Ross, Kerry L. Howell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AimLatitudinal and bathymetric species diversity gradients in the deep sea have been identified, but studies have rarely considered these gradients across hard substratum habitats, such as seamount and oceanic island margins. This study aimed to identify whether the current understanding of latitudinal and bathymetric gradients in α-diversity (species richness) apply to seamount ecosystems, as well as ascertaining whether identifiable trends were present in seamount β-diversity along a bathymetric gradient.LocationExclusive Economic Zones of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha, spanning 8–40°S in the South Atlantic.TaxonSeamount megabenthic communities.MethodsImages from 39 transects, collected between 250 and 950 m, were used to …

Real-World Smartphone-Based Gait Recognition, Hind Alobaidi, Nathan Clarke, Fudong Li, Abdulrahmanalruban

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Nursing Students' Attitudes Towards Climate Change And Sustainability: A Cross-Sectional Multisite Study, Carmen Álvarez-Nieto, Janet Richardson, M. Ángeles Navarro-Perán, Naomi Tutticci, Norma Huss, Marie Elf, Anna Anåker, Jennie Aronsson, Heather Baid, Isabel M. López-Medina

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Opicapone In Uk Clinical Practice: Effectiveness, Safety And Cost Analysis In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Christine Schofield, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Camille Carroll, Jagdish C. Sharma, Nicola Pavese, Jonathan Evans, Thomas Foltynie, Heinz Reichmann, Laura Zurowska, Patrício Soares-Da-Silva, Andrew Lees

Peninsula Medical School

Aim: This subanalysis of the OPTIPARK study aimed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of opicapone in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations in clinical practice specifically in the UK and to assess the impact of opicapone on treatment costs. Methods: Patients received opicapone added to levodopa for 6 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months and treatment costs at 6 months. Results: Most patients' general condition improved at 3 months, with sustained improvements reported at 6 months. Opicapone improved motor and non-motor symptoms at both timepoints, was generally well tolerated and reduced total treatment costs …

What Matters Most To Adults With A Tracheostomy In Icu And The Implications For Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Systematic Review And Metasynthesis, Helen Newman, Gemma Clunie, Sarah Wallace, Christina Smith, Daniel Martin, Natalie Pattison

Peninsula Medical School

Purpose Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure in ICU. Whilst often life-saving, it can have important impacts on patients. Much of the literature on tracheostomy focuses on timing and technique of insertion, risk factors and complications. More knowledge of patient experience of tracheostomy in ICU is needed to support person-centred care. Materials and methods Qualitative systematic review and metasynthesis of the literature on adult experience of tracheostomy in ICU. Comprehensive search of four bibliographic databases and grey literature. Title and abstract screening and full text eligibility was completed independently by two reviewers. Metasynthesis was achieved using thematic synthesis, supported by …

Opportunities And Barriers Faced By Early-Career Civil Engineers Enacting Global Responsibility, Shannon Chance, Inês Direito, John Mitchell

Articles

The term ‘global responsibility’ projects a holistic sense of ethics, sustainability, and obligation. To achieve the long-term viability of human life on Earth, civil engineering must be conducted in increasingly responsible ways, and civil engineers must value and enact global responsibility in their work. Interviews conducted with nine civil engineers in London provide insight regarding engineers’ familiarity with the term, how they learned about it, what opportunities and barriers they face, and what might be done by professional and educational institutions to help them practice more responsibly. Results indicate: the term itself is novel but underlying concepts are not; continuing …

Theory Protection: Do Humans Protect Existing Associative Links?, Stuart G. Spicer, Chris J. Mitchell, Andy J. Wills, Katie L. Blake, Peter M. Jones

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Cost-Effectiveness Of Mirtazapine For Agitated Behaviors In Dementia: Findings From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Catherine Henderson, Martin Knapp, Susan Stirling, Lee Shepstone, Juliet High, Clive Ballard, Peter Bentham, Alistair Burns, Nicolas Farina, Chris Fox, Julia Fountain, Paul Francis, Robert Howard, Iracema Leroi, Gill Livingston, Ramin Nilforooshan, Shirley Nurock, Jt O’Brien, Annabel Price, Ann Marie Swart, Naji Tabet, Tanya Telling, Alan J. Thomas, Sube Banerjee

Peninsula Medical School

Objectives: To examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine compared to placebo over 12-week follow-up. Design: Economic evaluation in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of mirtazapine vs. placebo. Setting: Community settings and care homes in 26 UK centers. Participants: People with probable or possible Alzheimer’s disease and agitation. Measurements: Primary outcome included incremental cost of participants’ health and social care per 6-point difference in CMAI score at 12 weeks. Secondary cost-utility analyses examined participants’ and unpaid carers’ gain in quality-adjusted life years (derived from EQ-5D-5L, DEMQOL-Proxy-U, and DEMQOL-U) from the health and social care and societal perspectives. Results: One hundred …

Adaptation Of The Stride Dementia Survey Into The Indonesian Context In North Sumatra, Fasihah Irfani Fitri, Ika Mariana Gultom, Eka Mahendrayana, Engki Irawan, Aldy S. Rambe, Tara Puspitarini Sani, Yuda Turana, Imelda Theresia, Nicolas Farina, Sube Banerjee

Peninsula Medical School

Background: North Sumatra is one of two provinces in Indonesia in which the prevalence and costs of care of dementia has been completed as part of the STrengthening Responses to dementia In Developing countries (STRiDE) program. The toolkit used in the study was developed in English and thus needed to be cross-culturally adapted into Bahasa Indonesia. Part of this process involved pre-testing as a way to maximize the cultural appropriateness of the toolkit, especially in a multi- ethnic province like North Sumatra. Here we report the adaptation process. Methods: The translated toolkit consisted of measures needed within the prevalence survey …

Labouring Together: Women's Experiences Of “Getting The Care That I Want And Need” In Maternity Care, Vanessa Watkins, Cate Nagle, Bridie Kent, Maryann Street, Alison M. Hutchinson

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Poor interprofessional collaboration and lack of decision-making with women have been identified as being detrimental to the quality, safety, and experience of maternity care. The aim of the Labouring Together study was to explore childbearing women's preferences for and experiences of collaboration and control over decision-making in maternity care. Design A sequential, mixed-method, multi-site case study approach was used to explore the perceptions and experiences of childbearing women regarding collaboration and decision-making. Women's preferred role for decision-making compared to the actual experiences, and the influences upon their preferences and experiences of collaboration were explored using semi-structured interviews. An inductive approach …

The Importance Of The Job Role In Social Media Cybersecurity Training, Salamah F Ben, Ma Palomino, M Papadaki, S Furnell

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

An Exploration Of The Contribution Of Embodied, Situated Research Strategies To Cultural Ecosystem Services And Landscape Assessment Frameworks: An Environmental Empathy Case Study, K Łucznik, Jv Serrano, J Martin

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005, interest has increased in cultural ecosystem services (CESs) research to understand the complexity of the non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. The intangible and interactive characteris-tics of CESs present many challenges regarding how to approach, quantify and even de-fine CESs. In this paper, we suggest looking at CESs through the lens of embodied and situated cognition theories. We advocate that such an approach should be applied to the development stage of CES research projects, as the embodied and situated experience of the site aids the development of research questions and future interventions. …

Toolkit Of Methods For Feminist Participatory Action Research: Empowering Women, Transforming Systems, Trimita Chakma, Naomi Joy Godden, Kavita Naidu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This Toolkit was developed following a series of training workshops on Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) concepts and methods with Oxfam Cambodia’s Inclusion Project 2 (IP2) partners from Lao, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. The training provided targeted capacity support and technical assistance to the IP2 partners to develop gender-responsive advocacy activities on water governance in the Mekong region.

This Toolkit was developed to provide guidance to IP2 partners on how to use FPAR methods in their ongoing activities and advocacy. However, FPAR is a process and is not issue-specific. As such, the Toolkit can also be used by communities, …

Design Processes For User Engagement With Mobile Health: A Systematic Review, Tochukwu Ikwunne, Lucy Hederman, P. J. Wall

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Despite the importance of user engagement in mHealth system efficacy, many such interventions fail to engage their users effectively. This paper provides a systematic review of 10 years of research (32 articles) on mHealth design interventions conducted between 2011 and 2020. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) model was used for this review with the IEEE, Medline EBSCO Host, ACM, and Springer databases searched for English language papers with the published range. The goal of this review was to find out which design process improves user engagement with mHealth in order to guide the development of …

Flexible Goal-Directed Manipulation Of Representations: Computational Models Of Healthy And Pathological Human Cognition, Giovanni Granato

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The brain is able to manipulate itself, adapting its internal world in a changing environment. In particular it continuously manipulates its representations to achieve goals. This competence is supported by many neurocognitive high-order processes that interact during the performance of a goal-directed behaviour (e.g. attention processes, executive functions, motivational systems). Overall, adult humans often face a new problem trough a change of the `perceptual point of view' (i.e. a representational change), rather then an extended research of the correct action to perform. On the other hand, infants and children contemporary develop motor competence and task-directed perceptual representations (e.g. categorical perception). …

Consumer Reactions To Alcohol Advertising Health Warnings In Ireland: An Experimental Research Study, Vania Filipova

Doctoral

Introduction and Aims As part of several measures to inform consumers about the health risks of alcohol and reduce alcohol consumption, the Irish Government signed into law the Public Health (Alcohol) Act 2018, with Section 13 requiring the implementation of multiple health warnings in all alcohol ads. While health warnings on product labels have been subject to intensive political discussion and academic research, health warnings in alcohol ads have received little attention and empirical support. This doctoral dissertation investigates whether health warnings in alcohol ads can promote cognitive and affective reactions in consumers. Furthermore, this thesis also examines whether the …

Heritage Requires Citizens’ Knowledge: The Cost Place-Making Action And Responsible Research, Heike Oevermann, Ayse Erek, Carola Hein, Conor Horan, Kata Krasznahorkai, Ida Sofie Gøtzsche Lange, Edmond Manahasa, Marijke Martin, Marluci Menezes, Matej Nikšič, Paulina Polko, Juli Székely, Simone Tappert, Pekka Tuominen

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This chapter reflects on responsible science with an eye toward concrete research practice. To this end, we briefly introduce the RRI paradigm (Responsible Research and Innovation) and then highlight seven EU research projects in the context of a transnational COST Action project. This COST Action will investigate how placemaking activities, like public art, civil urban design, and local knowledge production, reshape and reinvent public space, and improve citizens’ involvement in urban planning and urban design, especially in the context of heritage sites. The chapter introduces heritage case studies that either contrast, differentiate, and add to existing knowledge and practices in …

An Exploratory Case Study Into Understanding Teaching Practice And Towards Enhancing Transformative Learning And Graduate Employability At Tu Dublin, Ellen Kampinga

Masters

This research focuses on understanding and enhancing the educational practice towards using pedagogies like transformative learning to enhance graduate employability at a new technological university, TU Dublin, during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It was found that teaching practice depends significantly on the lecturer, the discipline area, the graduate skills that are sought after in each module and discipline, and the context of the delivery. The PAGE (Pedagogy Assisting Graduate Employability) framework developed from this research, aims to visualise the connection between the teaching process, pedagogy, and graduate employability. Application of the framework will offer insight into how each unique lecturer …