Digital Commons Network^™

Eaters, Powerless By Design, Margot J. Pollans

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Food law, including traditional food safety regulation, antihunger programs, and food system worker protections, has received increased attention in recent years as a distinct field of study. Bringing together these disparate areas of law under a single lens provides an opportunity to understand the role of law in shaping what we eat (what food is produced and where it is distributed), how much we eat, and how we think about food. The food system is rife with problems--endemic hunger, worker exploitation, massive environmental externalities, and diet-related disease. Looked at in a piecemeal fashion, elements of food law appear responsive to …

Association Of State Social And Environmental Factors With Rates Of Self-Injury Mortality And Suicide In The United States, Ian R H Rockett, Haomiao Jia, Bina Ali, Aniruddha Banerjee, Hilary S. Connery, Kurt B. Nolte, Ted Miller, Franklin M M White, Bernard D. Digregorio, G Luke Larkin, Steven Stack, Kairi Kõlves, R Kathryn Mchugh, Vijay O. Lulla, Jeralynn Cossman, Diego De Leo, Brian Hendricks, Paul S. Nestadt, James H. Berry, Gail D'Onofrio, Eric D. Caine

Pathology Research and Scholarship

IMPORTANCE: Self-injury mortality (SIM) combines suicides and the preponderance of drug misuse-related overdose fatalities. Identifying social and environmental factors associated with SIM and suicide may inform etiologic understanding and intervention design.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with interstate SIM and suicide rate variation and to assess potential for differential suicide misclassification.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used a partial panel time series with underlying cause-of-death data from 50 US states and the District of Columbia for 1999-2000, 2007-2008, 2013-2014 and 2018-2019. Applying data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, SIM includes all suicides and the preponderance …

Regulatory T Cells Control Effector T Cell Inflammation In Human Prediabetes, Rui Liu, Gabriella H. Pugh, Erin Tevonian, Katherine Thompson, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Philip A. Kern, Barbara S. Nikolajczyk

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

A disparate array of plasma/serum markers provides evidence for chronic inflammation in human prediabetes, a condition that is most closely replicated by standard mouse models of obesity and metaflammation. These remain largely nonactionable and contrast with our rich understanding of inflammation in human type 2 diabetes. New data show that inflammatory profiles produced by CD4+ T cells define human prediabetes as a unique inflammatory state. Regulatory T cells (Treg) control mitochondrial function and cytokine production by CD4+ effector T cells (Teff) in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes by supporting T helper (Th)17 or Th1 cytokine production, respectively. These data suggest …

Childhood Depression: Identifying Depression In The Pediatric Population, Riley Alvaro

PCOM Capstone Projects

Internalizing disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), are characterized by processes within the self since the primary symptoms tend to involve thoughts and feelings (APA, 2015). MDD is a mood disorder characterized by a persistently sad or irritable mood that affects one’s thinking and behavior and interferes with daily life (APA, 2015). In 2018, 3.2% of the pediatric population ages 3-17 in the United States were diagnosed with depression. (CDC, 2021). Depression and anxiety are comorbid disorders occurring concurrently; 73.8% of children diagnosed with MDD also have anxiety (CDC, 2021).

Internalizing disorders that are quiet and cause internal distress …

Effects Of Tasting And Ingredient Information Statement On Acceptability, Elicited Emotions, And Willingness To Purchase: A Case Of Pita Chips Containing Edible Cricket Protein, Cristhiam E. Gurdian, Damir D. Torrico, Bin Li, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

Sustainable and nutritious alternatives are needed to feed the ever-increasing world population. The successful incorporation of edible-cricket protein (ECP) into foods needs deeper consumer insights. Treatments (plain, Italian, and Cajun pita chips containing 6.9% w/w ECP) were evaluated by subjects for overall liking (OL), emotions, and purchase intent (PI) in three different moments: (1) before tasting, (2) after tasting/before ECP statement, and (3) after tasting/after ECP statement. Attributes’ liking scores were evaluated only after tasting/before ECP statement. Liking scores (mixed-effects ANOVA), emotions, and PI across moments within treatments/across treatments within moments were evaluated. Emotion-based penalty-lift analyses for OL within moments …

Misleading Or Factually Incorrect Statements In The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition Perspectives Article By Ludwig Et Al, Adam Drewnowski, Rudolph L. Leibel, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Michael W. Schwartz, Randy J. Seeley, Lori M. Zeltser

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Intermittent Fasting On Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective, Manuel Dote-Montero, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Eric Ravussin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

This review summarizes the effects of different types of intermittent fasting (IF) on human cardiometabolic health, with a focus on energy metabolism. First, we discuss the coordinated metabolic adaptations (energy expenditure, hormonal changes and macronutrient oxidation) occurring during a 72 h fast. We then discuss studies investigating the effects of IF on cardiometabolic health, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Finally, we discuss how IF may be optimized by combining it with exercise. In general, IF regimens improve body composition, ectopic fat, and classic cardiometabolic risk factors, as compared to unrestricted eating, especially in metabolically unhealthy participants. However, it is still …

Critical Issues In Consumer Horticulture: Gaps In Research And Public Gardens’ Involvement In Consumer Horticulture, Sarada Krishnan, Heather Kirk-Ballard, Esther Mcginnis, Lauren Garcia Chance

Faculty Publications

The retail gardening industry in the United States is expected to reach $50 billion by 2023, and it is a significant driver of the agricultural economy. To meet the corresponding demand for information, consumer horticulture (CH) professionals will need to develop innovative digital outreach, research-based solutions, a concerted recruitment of youth, and enhanced collaborations. To understand the current gaps in CH research and the extent of the involvement of public gardens in CH, surveys were conducted among the two groups, CH/ extension researchers and staff of public gardens. The results of the surveys were presented at the virtual conference of …

A Food-Based Intervention In A Military Dining Facility Improves Blood Fatty Acid Profile, Asma S. Bukhari, Laura J. Lutz, Tracey J. Smith, Adrienne Hatch-Mcchesney, Kristie L. O’Connor, Christopher T. Carrigan, Michael R. Hawes, Susan M. Mcgraw, Kathryn M. Taylor, Catherine M. Champagne, Scott J. Montain

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Enhancing dietary omega-3 high unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) intake may confer neuroprotection, brain resiliency, improve wound healing and promote cardiovascular health. This study determined the efficacy of substituting a few common foods (chicken meat, chicken sausage, eggs, salad dressings, pasta sauces, cooking oil, mayonnaise, and peanut butter) lower in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and higher in n-3 HUFA in a dining facility on blood fatty acid profile. An eight-week prospective, between-subjects (n = 77), repeated measures, parallel-arm trial was conducted. Participants self-selected foods consumed from conventionally produced foods (control), or those lower n-6 PUFA and higher n-3 …

Exercise/Physical Activity In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement From The American College Of Sports Medicine, Jill A. Kanaley, Sheri R. Colberg, Matthew H. Corcoran, Steven K. Malin, Nancy R. Rodriguez, Carlos J. Crespo, John P. Kirwan, Juleen R. Zierath

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary time. Various types of physical …

Assessment Of Eating Behaviors And Perceptions Of Time-Restricted Eating During Pregnancy, Emily W. Flanagan, Maryam Kebbe, Joshua R. Sparks, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: The maternal metabolic milieu is challenged during pregnancy and may result in unwarranted metabolic complications. A time-restricted eating (TRE) pattern may optimize the metabolic response to pregnancy by improving glucose metabolism and reducing circulating glucose concentrations, as it does in nonpregnant individuals. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to 1) assess eating timing in pregnant women; 2) understand the perceptions of adopting a TRE pattern; 3) determine the barriers and support mechanisms for incorporating a TRE pattern; and 4) identify those most willing to adopt a TRE pattern during pregnancy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative and quasi-qualitative …

Emotion And Wellness Profiles Of Herbal Drinks Measured Using Different Questionnaire Designs, Pannapa Hanmontree, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Amporn Sae-Eaw

Faculty Publications

The emotion and wellness profiles of herbal drinks were assessed using six different questionnaire designs. The questionnaire designs were constructed from two formats of questionnaire items, including words and sentences, and three types of measuring scales, including a rating scale (5-point intensity; 1 = ‘not at all’, 5 = ‘extremely’), a checklist scale (check-all-that-apply, CATA), and a combination of CATA and rating scales (rate-all-that-apply, RATA; 5-point intensity; 1 = ‘slightly’, 5 = ‘extremely’). The 39 emotional terms of the EsSense Profile® and the 45 wellness terms of the WellSense Profile™ were translated into Thai, then screened for relevance to herbal …

Effects Of Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) Bone Powder On Consumers’ Liking, Emotions, And Purchase Intent Of Fried Catfish Strips, Silvia Murillo, Ryan Ardoin, Evelyn Watts, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

Catfish are the predominant U.S. aquacultural product. However, byproducts from filleting, including bones that are high in calcium, typically go to waste or are sold as a low-valued feed. This research evaluated the potential use of catfish bone powder (CBP; 21.07% calcium) as a food ingredient. Catfish fillet strips were dredged with a breading mix (CBPM) containing 0% (0CBPM), 10% (10CBPM), and 20% (20CBPM) CBP before frying. Consumers (N = 211) evaluated sensory liking (nine-point hedonic scale) and attribute intensity (JAR scale), emotions (check-all-that-apply), and purchase intent (PI, yes/no) of samples. Color and texture were measured instrumentally. CBP did not …

Donna Martin - Covid 19 Oral History Project, Donna Martin, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

During 2022 the Child Nutrition Archives conducted multiple interviews investigating how child nutrition professionals dealt with the Covid 19 pandemic and its effects on the operations of school feeding programs. This interview examines the experience of Donna Martin, nutrition director for Burke County (Georgia) Public Schools.

Measurement Characteristics And Correlates Of Hiv-Related Stigma Among Adults Living With Hiv: A Cross-Sectional Study From Coastal Kenya, Stanley W. Wanjala, Moses Nyongesa, Paul Mwangi, Agnes M. Mutua, Stanley Luchters, Charles R J C Newton, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Objective We studied the psychometric properties of the 12-item short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale and assessed the correlates of HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV on the Kenyan coast.

Design Cross-sectional study.

Setting Comprehensive Care and Research Centre in the Kilifi County Hospital.

Participants Adults living with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy were recruited and interviewed between February and April 2018 (n=450).

Main outcome measures HIV-related stigma.

Results 450 participants with a median age of 43 years (IQR=36–50) took part in the study. Of these, 356 (79.1%) were female. Scale reliability and validity were high (alpha=0.80, …

A Distinctive Pattern Of Diversity For The Tas2r38 Gene In North Africa, Soufia Mourali-Chebil, Sarra Elkamel, Sami Boussetta, Andrew J. Pakstis, Kenneth K. Kidd, Amel Benammar-Elgaaied, Lofti Cherni

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

The TAS2R38 gene is involved in bitter taste perception. This study documents the distinctive diversity patterns in Northern Africa of functional SNPs rs713598 and rs1726866 at the TAS2R38 locus and places those patterns in the context of global TAS2R38 diversity. We analyzed data previously genotyped with Taqman Applied Biosystem for rs713598 and rs1726866 for 375 unrelated subjects (305 Tunisians from seven locations: Mahdia, Sousse, Kesra, Nebeur, Kairouan, Smar and Kerkennah plus 70 Libyans). Data were analyzed to present haplotypes and genotypes and were compared to the data from worldwide populations. We provide information about TAS2R38 diversity in a part of …

Macrophage Global Metabolomics Identifies Cholestenone As Host/Pathogen Cometabolite Present In Human Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection, Pallavi Chandra, Héloise Coullon, Mansi Agarwal, Charles W Goss, Jennifer A Philips

Open Access Publications

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. As a central aspect of its pathogenesis, M. tuberculosis grows in macrophages, and host and microbe influence each other's metabolism. To define the metabolic impact of M. tuberculosis infection, we performed global metabolic profiling of M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. M. tuberculosis induced metabolic hallmarks of inflammatory macrophages and a prominent signature of cholesterol metabolism. We found that infected macrophages accumulate cholestenone, a mycobacterial-derived, oxidized derivative of cholesterol. We demonstrated that the accumulation of cholestenone in infected macrophages depended on the M. tuberculosis enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-Hsd) and correlated with pathogen …

Identification Of Novel Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibitors By Homology Modeling And Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening, Lamees Hegazy, Lauren Gill, Kelly Pyles, Christopher Kaiho, Sophia Kchouk, Brian Finck, Kyle Mccommis, Bahaa Elgendy

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Comment Utiliser Une Théorie Du Changement Pour Assurer Le Suivi Des Programmes De Changement Social Et Comportemental Et Les Évaluer, Breakthrough Research

Reproductive Health

Breakthrough RESEARCH a développé ce guide sur la façon d'utiliser une théorie du changement pour surveiller et évaluer les programmes de changement social et comportemental (CSC). Ce guide aidera les responsables à soutenir le personnel de recherche, suivi et évaluation et contribuera à ce qu'ils disposent des données programmatiques requises pour assurer le suivi des résultats, et il garantira que le programme est guidé par des preuves théoriques solides avec des résultats suivis au fil du temps et à l’issue du programme. Ce guide fait partie d'une série de guides pratiques Compass SBC qui fournissent des instructions étape par étape …

Inheritance: A Memoir, Jennifer Skoog

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

I was born and raised on a small farm in central Minnesota, the youngest of nine. Our lives centered around a dogmatic faith that banned sex education and birth control in any form. The consequences of these teachings put my life on a tragic course, and I paid dearly for my ignorance. With the help of a therapist and a deep commitment to myself, I left the faith. After I earned a college degree in my early 40s, I began to critically examine my upbringing. Through my educational journey in Black studies, I saw deeply troubling ways in which my …

The College Experience Podcast: Connecting Student Services For College Success, Lucila Sanchez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

What do we know about orienting college students on how to successfully manage the college experience? With this podcast, I aim to answer that question. The podcast aims to serve two purposes. The first purpose is to transmit the information to the students. The secondary purpose is to support student development by increasing knowledge about a wide range of topics as well as available services and resources. The goal is for students to become more aware of how they can access and use these services most effectively and how to manage their time to access essential services that support their …

Making Sense Of Pre-Symbolic Trauma: A Qualitative Study On The Lived Experiences Of Adults Who Were Born Extremely Prematurely, Noia Efrat

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The psychological experiences of adults (n=5) who were born at or before the threshold for extreme prematurity (weeks) was examined using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009). Subjects were interviewed to learn about how their extreme prematurity has become organized and integrated on the levels of fantasy, identity and personality. Results showed that dysregulation and the propensity to self-contain on both somatic and affective levels were common themes across cases, supporting current research connecting the ongoing impacts of prematurity to the context of overstimulation and fundamental absence in the first months of life in the NICU. Despite …

Staging The Ocean: The Emergence Of The Aquarium In Victorian England, Alaina Claire Feldman

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis is a cultural history and analysis of the constructions and representations of nature through the apparatus of the saltwater aquarium, which I argue is historically embedded in forms of biocapitalist control that produce knowledge, difference and enclosure, and mediates a form of pedagogy used to extend empire into the ocean. I look to the origins of hobby and public aquariums in Victorian England to comprehend how imperial management of pristine environments gave rise to the aquariums that we know today. The marine aquarium examined here is a Western entity that reduces the world to dichotomies and oversimplifies vast …

Peru's Fishmeal Industry: Its Societal And Environmental Impact, Angel Vizurraga

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Peru is the biggest fishmeal-producing country in the world. It has exported millions of tons of fishmeal to various parts of the world since the 1960s. However, this industry has created many problems for the Peruvian people and their environment. Past research done on this topic has failed to include the negative impacts of the fishmeal industry. My project aims to exhibit the main issues that are affected or created by the fishmeal industry. I will talk about its impact on socioeconomic matters such as malnutrition and employment, as well as its impact on the environment and the wildlife population …

Role Of Metals In Human Immune System: Study Of Metal-Dependent Structural Changes Of S100a12 Protein, Aleksey Aleshintsev

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

S100A12 protein belongs to the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins and participates in the innate immune system. Antimicrobial proteins from the S100 family of the proteins (S100A12, S100A8/A9, etc.) are secreted and expressed by neutrophils during microbial infection and perform their antimicrobial activity through metal sequestration. While most S100 proteins function intracellularly, S100A12 is highly expressed and secreted into the extracellular space by neutrophils during infection. Sequestration of Zn²⁺ by S100A12 is aided by the nanomolar zinc binding affinity of the protein at neutral pH conditions, which is further enhanced upon calcium-binding. The Zn²⁺ binding scaffold in S100A12 …

Indigenous Mexicans In New York City: Immigrant Integration, Language Use, And Identity Formation, Leslie A. Martino-Velez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

As indigenous Mexican immigrants migrate, settle, and raise families in the United States, parents, particularly women, and their children increasingly have contact with community institutions, such as schools. Despite their growing numbers in U.S. schools, indigenous children, youth, and their parents are often invisible due to their ethnolinguistic identities and undocumented status. Understanding what parents do to help their children is essential to understanding the first generation's integration and their children, the second generation.

To better understand this, I conducted an ethnographic research study at a bilingual Head Start program in New York City, in East Harlem, where many undocumented …

Weaponizing Culture To Undermine International Women’S Rights, Lan Cao

UC Law Journal

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (“UDHR”) remains an emblem of hope and change in a world filled with continuing human rights violations. Its promise, enshrined in 1948, is as relevant then as it is now—that the international community would no longer allow a state’s brutal treatment of its own citizens to go unchallenged under the mantle of “sovereignty.”

But the UDHR is being challenged by authoritarians and dictators who rightly see the UDHR as an international check on their tyranny. It is also being questioned by Western communitarians who ironically see the UDHR’s enshrinement of international human rights as …

Mule Deer Do More With Less: Comparing Their Nutritional Requirements And Tolerances With White-Tailed Deer, Anna R. Staudenmaier, Lisa A. Shipley, Meghan J. Camp, Jennifer S. Forbey, Ann E. Hagerman, Abigail E. Brandt, Daniel H. Thornton

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Congeneric species often share ecological niche space resulting in competitive interactions that either limit co-occurrence or lead to niche partitioning. Differences in fundamental nutritional niches mediated through character displacement or isolation during evolution are potential mechanisms that could explain overlapping distribution patterns of congenerics. We directly compared nutritional requirements and tolerances that influence the fundamental niche of mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), which occur in allopatry and sympatry in similar realized ecological niches across their ranges in North America. Digestible energy and protein requirements and tolerances for plant fiber and plant secondary …

Probiotic Interventions To Reduce Antepartum Group B Streptococcus Colonization: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Lisa Hanson, Leona Vandevusse, Emily Malloy, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Lauren Watson, Alissa V. Fial, Marie Forgie, Katrina Nardini, Nasia Safdar

Library Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To systematically review and meta-analyse studies of the efficacy of probiotics to reduce antenatal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonisation.

Participants

Antenatal participants with known positive GBS colonisation or unknown GBS status.

Intervention

Probiotic interventions containing species of Lactobacillus or Streptococcus.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Measurements and findings

The systematic review included 10 studies. Five articles contained in vitro studies of probiotic interventions to determine antagonistic activity against GBS. Six clinical trials of probiotics to reduce antenatal GBS were systematically reviewed and meta-analysed. The meta-analysis revealed that the use of an antenatal probiotic decreased the probability of a …

A Severe Case Of Odontogenic Infection And Necrotizing Fasciitis Of The Anterior Chest Wall And Neck., Mallorie L Huff, Kyle S Wilson Md, Kathleen E. Kane Md, Kathryn L Wheel Md, Joseph J. Stirparo Md

Department of Surgery

Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening infection that can be rapidly fatal. Early identification and emergent surgical management are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. This case report describes a 25-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with a three-day history of worsening left lower dental infection and new-onset neck pain and swelling. He received broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous fluid resuscitation and underwent computed tomography of the neck and chest. Following intensive care unit admission, he underwent tooth extraction where intraoperative evaluation revealed subcutaneous crepitus. Immediate debridement was performed, revealing copious foul-smelling purulent discharge and necrotic tissue extending over the …