Digital Commons Network^™

Indigenisation Of Nigerian Librarianship Through Indigenous Knowledge: Exploring Its Possibilities, Abdulakeem Sodeeq Sulyman,, Basirat Omolara Amzat, Muritadho Abiodun Taiwo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Knowledge cannot be separated from the people holding it and the best way to make it appreciated is to present it in a way that represents the beliefs, customs and norms of its origin. This submission makes this paper attempts to find the perfect word between indigenisation and decolonisation as a way of developing Indigenous Librarianship in Nigeria. It settles for indigenisation because indigenisation focuses on the exploitation of the native, local resources to create, share, transform and retain knowledge. It ponders on the historical antecedents of Librarianship in Nigeria to proof that the Nigerian library practices were purely nurtured …

School Library Resources For Inclusive Online English Language Learning: Teachers’ Perspectives About Differentiating Instruction In The Context Of English As Second Language, Angela Eze, Charity N. Onyishi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

In an inclusive education setting, learners with and without disabilities are guided to study in the same classrooms with adaptable facilities and equipments. With this arrangement in place, assistive technology becomes an absolute requirement, and the school library is a medium for providing and using inclusive resources. In the current education system where online learning is speedily overtaking face-to-face learning modalities, school Library resources are indispensable for the effective inclusion of all learners through differentiated instruction. Such is critically essential for English language learning, especially in Nigeria, where English is learned as a Second Language. However, little is known …

Preliminary Damages, Gideon Parchomovsky, Alex Stein

Vanderbilt Law Review

Historically, the law helped impecunious plaintiffs overcome their inherent disadvantage in civil litigation. Unfortunately, this is no longer the case: modern law has largely abandoned the mission of assisting the least well-off. In this Essay, we propose a new remedy that can dramatically improve the fortunes of poor plaintiffs and thereby change the errant path of the law: preliminary damages. The unavailability of preliminary damages has dire implications for poor plaintiffs, especially those wronged by affluent individuals and corporations. Resource-constrained plaintiffs cannot afford prolonged litigation on account of their limited financial means. Consequently, they are forced to either forego suing …

The Role Of Word Knowledge In Error Detection: A Challenge To The Broken-Error-Monitor Account Of Dyslexia, Lindsay N. Harris, Benjamin Creed, Charles A. Perfetti, Benjamin Rickles

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Dyslexic children often fail to correct errors while reading aloud, and dyslexic adolescents and adults exhibit lower amplitudes of the error-related negativity (ERN)—the neural response to errors—than typical readers during silent reading. Past researchers therefore suggested that dyslexia may arise from a faulty error-detection mechanism that interferes with orthographic learning and text comprehension. An alternative possibility is that comprehension difficulty in dyslexics is primarily a downstream effect of low-quality lexical representations—that is, poor word knowledge. On this view the attenuated ERN in dyslexics is a byproduct, rather than a source, of underdeveloped orthographic knowledge. Because the second view implies a …

How Does Exposure To An Authentic English-Speaking Environment Contribute To Chinese International Students’ Academic Reading Comprehension?, Na Liu

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

Chinese international students comprise the largest group of international students in U.S. universities. To better support international students to be successful in international higher education, Chinese students’ reading comprehension in English deserves attention. Using a qualitative research design, this study analyzed Chinese international students’ perceptions about their English reading comprehension in academic literacy, and how exposure to an English-speaking environment contributed to their reading comprehension development. There were 8 participants involved who have different genders (males and females), education levels (undergraduates and graduates), exposure time (less than one year and more than one year), and majors (chemistry, engineering, arts, etc.). …

Benefits Of The Modern Classroom Project In High School Mathematics, Micah Josiah Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

Previous research has shown that mathematical self-efficacy is positively correlated with mathematical achievement. However, in a high school classroom setting, teachers’ effectiveness varies based on experience, education, and how they incorporate certain pedagogical practices. The Modern Classroom Project was designed to have teachers integrate self-paced learning, mastery-based learning, metacognition, and blended instructions all within one classroom; with an emphasis placed on allowing students the opportunity to understand a particular skill before attempting the next skill. Discovering what components of the Modern Classroom Project enhances student’s self-efficacy score, and mathematical achievement was the focus of the study.

This explanatory sequential mixed-methods …

Investigating Discussion Forum Impact On Students’ Social Justice Beliefs In Online Undergraduate Mathematics Courses: A Mixed Methods Study, Ashlee Lynn Akin Matney

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

While teaching math for social justice and equity has become a heavily researched topic in recent decades with Jo Boaler (2008, 2015, 2016), Rochelle Gutiérrez (2009, 2013), and Eric (Rico) Gutstein (2003, 2006, 2007, 2013) emerging as recent leaders in the charge, the focus has consistently remained on traditional classroom teaching (e.g. Boaler, 2008; Gutiérrez, 2009; Gutstein, 2003). This convergent design mixed methods study investigated the impact of teaching math for social justice in the online learning environment, specifically, the impact of discussion forums on students’ social justice beliefs in fully online undergraduate math courses.

Quantitatively, 56 students completed pre- …

“Don't Downvote A$$$$$$S!!”: An Exploration Of Reddit's Advice Communities, Emily Cannon, Bianca Crouse, Souvick Ghosh, Nicholas Rihn, Kristen Chua

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Advice forums are a crowdsourced way to reinforce cultural norms and moral behavior. Sites like Reddit contain massive amounts of natural language human interaction, with rules and norms unique to each individual subreddit community. To explore this data, we created a dataset with top 1000 posts from each of two such forums, r/AmItheAsshole and r/relationships, and extracted natural language features including sentiment, similarity, word frequency, and demographics using both algorithmic and manual methods. Further, we developed a method to extract demographic information from the subreddits, examined how the post authors' self-disclosures reflect the unique communities in which their posts are …

Benchmarking Compositionality With Formal Languages, Josef Valvoda, Naomi Saphra, Jonathan Rawski, Adina Williams, Ryan Cotterell

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Recombining known primitive concepts into larger novel combinations is a quintessentially human cognitive capability. Whether large neural models in NLP can acquire this ability while learning from data is an open question. In this paper, we investigate this problem from the perspective of formal languages. We use deterministic finite-state transducers to make an unbounded number of datasets with controllable properties governing compositionality. By randomly sampling over many transducers, we explore which of their properties contribute to learnability of a compositional relation by a neural network. We find that the models either learn the relations completely or not at all. The …

Culture Is Not Destiny, For Reading: Highlighting Variable Routes To Literacy Within Writing Systems, Lindsay N. Harris, Elizabeth Hirshorn

CISLL Publications

Cross–writing system research in psychology and cognitive neuroscience has yielded important findings regarding how a writing system’s structure can influence the cognitive challenges of learning to read and the neural under-pinnings of literacy. The current paper reviews these differences and extends the findings to demonstrate diversity in how skilled reading is accomplished within a single writing system, English. We argue that broad clusters of behavioral and neural patterns found across writing systems can also be found within subpopulations who display atypical routes to skilled English reading, subpopulations including Chinese–English bilinguals, deaf native signers, compensated readers, and distortion-sensitive readers. The patterns …

Linguistic Awareness And Dyslexia Beliefs Among Teachers Of Students Who Are Blind Or Visually Impaired., Nosheen Gul, Lindsay N. Harris, Alicia Larouech, Gracie Strohm

CISLL Publications

US students who are blind or have visual impairments do not read at the level of a third-grader with typical sight until, on average, halfway through the seventh grade. As a first step toward narrowing that gap, we investigated levels of linguistic awareness among teachers of students who are blind or visually impaired (TSBVIs) because research with general education teachers has demonstrated a link between teacher linguistic awareness and student literacy outcomes. We also examined the accuracy of dyslexia beliefs among TSBVIs and whether TSBVI linguistic aware- ness and dyslexia beliefs are associated with training and experience variables. A survey …

Competition And Congestion In Trademark Law, Christopher Buccafusco, Jonathan S. Masur, Mark P. Mckenna

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Trademark law exists to promote competition. If consumers know which companies make which products, they can more easily find the products they actually want to purchase. Trademark law has long treated “source significance”—the fact that a particular trademark is identified with a particular producer—as both necessary and sufficient for establishing a valid trademark. That is, trademark law has traditionally viewed source significance as the only necessary precondition for a trademark being pro-competitive. In this paper, we argue that this equation of source significance and pro-competitiveness is misguided. Some marks use words that are so closely connected with the product being …

Trust In Science: The Crisis Of Expertise As An Ideological, And Not Only A Scientific Controversy, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

Within the so-called "culture wars" dividing our nation politically, there is a law-related division over the trustworthiness of consensus science-the so-called "crisis of expertise." When the science concerning climate change, mask-wearing, or vaccinations becomes politicized, it loses its mooring in scientific evidence and impacts the effectiveness of regulatory law. Perhaps counter-intuitively, however, the solution is likely not to wear "Because Science" t-shirts while insisting on "cold, hard facts" and diagnosing as stupid those who believe the scientific theories of marginalized, minority-view scientists. Indeed, a certain level of modesty-regarding the uncertainties and tentativeness of even the best science-is necessary for the …

Using Heidisongs Music As An Instructional Tool In The Elementary School Classroom: A Case Study, Leia Denise Jobe

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study is to understand how teachers use HeidiSongs music as an instructional tool in the elementary school classroom. HeidiSongs uses multisensory structured language education to teach by engaging multiple senses simultaneously to increase retention. The theories guiding this study include Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, which involves kinesthetic intelligences among other types of intelligences, and Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition. HeidiSongs uses both musical and kinesthetic activities to enhance literacy. The central research question focused on how teachers use HeidiSongs music as an instructional tool in the elementary school classroom. The sub-questions …

Automated Video Interviewing As The New Phrenology, Ifeoma Ajunwa

Faculty Publications

This Article deploys the new business practice of automated video interviewing as a case study to illuminate the limitations of traditional employment antidiscrimination laws. Employment antidiscrimination laws are inadequate to address the unlawful discrimination attributable to emerging workplace technologies which gatekeep employment opportunities. The Article maintains that the practice of automated video interviewing is based on shaky or unproven social scientific principles that disproportionately impact racial minorities. In this way, the practice of automated video interviewing is analogous to the pseudoscience of phrenology, which enabled societal and economic exclusion through the legitimization of eugenicist and racist attitudes. After parsing the …

Constraining Criminal Laws, F. Andrew Hessick, Carissa Byrne Hessick

Faculty Publications

This Article challenges the modern statutory interpretation of criminal laws. In doing so, it makes two distinct, but related contributions. First, it demonstrates that courts historically played a significantly more active role in interpreting criminal laws than they currently play. In particular, courts routinely interpreted statutes to reach no further than the text or the purpose, and they treated broadly written laws as ambiguous and in need of narrowing constructions. Put simply, courts used their interpretive powers to deliberately favor criminal defendants and constrain the criminal law. Second, it explains how a more active judiciary would combat some of the …

Vernacular Print, Johann Prüss, And The Fasciculus Temporum, Julia Hines

Fasciculus Temporum

This research discusses biographical information on Strasbourg printer Johann Prüss and his vernacular German work, and offers a statistical and categorical comparison to other contemporary Strasbourg printers and their vernacular German works.

Using the British Library's Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) and other sources, I created a table in the appendix that lists all the known vernacular works of each printer and their date of publication. Lastly, this paper discusses the similarities and differences between the 1490 Latin edition of the Fasciculus Temporum and the following German edition printed by Prüss in 1492.

Turning Data Into Better Mental Health: Past, Present, And Future, Nidal Moukaddam, Akane Sano, Ramiro Salas, Zakia Hammal, Ashutosh Sabharwal

Staff and Researcher Publications

In this mini-review, we discuss the fundamentals of using technology in mental health diagnosis and tracking. We highlight those principles using two clinical concepts: (1) cravings and relapse in the context of addictive disorders and (2) anhedonia in the context of depression. This manuscript is useful for both clinicians wanting to understand the scope of technology use in psychiatry and for computer scientists and engineers wishing to assess psychiatric frameworks useful for diagnosis and treatment. The increase in smartphone ownership and internet connectivity, as well as the accelerated development of wearable devices, have made the observation and analysis of human …

Artificial Intelligence In The Pediatric Echocardiography Laboratory: Automation, Physiology, And Outcomes, Minh B Nguyen, Olivier Villemain, Mark K Friedberg, Lasse Lovstakken, Craig G Rusin, Luc Mertens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is frequently used in non-medical fields to assist with automation and decision-making. The potential for AI in pediatric cardiology, especially in the echocardiography laboratory, is very high. There are multiple tasks AI is designed to do that could improve the quality, interpretation, and clinical application of echocardiographic data at the level of the sonographer, echocardiographer, and clinician. In this state-of-the-art review, we highlight the pertinent literature on machine learning in echocardiography and discuss its applications in the pediatric echocardiography lab with a focus on automation of the pediatric echocardiogram and the use of echo data to better …

For Critical Language Awareness And Against The “Exclusive-Use-Of-The-Target-Language” Myth: The Effects Of Sociolinguistic Content In English In An Elementary Spanish Classroom, Beatriz Lado, José Del Valle

Publications and Research

Scholars have advocated for critical approaches to language education (e.g., Del Valle, 2014; Leeman & Serafini, 2016), including those that promote the development of Critical Language Awareness, CLA (e.g., Alim, 2010; Leeman, 2018). The goal is to develop students’ critical knowledge of the cultural, political, and social dimensions of language. To this end, Del Valle (2014) suggests the inclusion of language-related content units taught in the first or shared language from the early stages of language learning. This proposal entails revising strong beliefs such as the use of the non-target language in the new language classroom. The purpose of our …

Introduction To Issue Twenty-One: Open Educational Resources, Inés Vañó García, Jojo Karlin, Krystyna Michael

Publications and Research

This article is work is the introduction to the 21st issue of the Journal of Interactive Technology and Pedagogy, which is available in full at https://cuny.manifoldapp.org/projects/journal-of-interactive-technology-and-pedagogy-no-21.

As instructors in different contexts—an English program in a public two-year college, a language and linguistics department in a small liberal arts college, and digital scholarship services in a library at a major research university—we the co-editors of this special issue on Open Educational Resources (OER) have seen the attitudes toward and practices of OER shift over the last several years. Embraced by college and university administrators and funded by national and state …

«Lenguaje Inclusivo Y Exclusión De Clase» De Brigitte Vasallo, Silvia Rivera Alfaro

Publications and Research

Lenguaje inclusivo y exclusión de clase, de Brigitte Vasallo, se centra en la cuestión de género con una mirada interseccional que trae al centro de la conversación sobre el lenguaje el tema de clase. Esta reseña se centra en su primera edición (Larousse Editorial, 2021) para resumir algunos de sus principales aportes para el estudio de lenguaje y género considerando una mirada glotopolítica.

Una Lengua En Un Cuerpo, Silvia Rivera Alfaro

Publications and Research

Texto autoetnográfico sobre el trabajo lingüístico.

Blueprint For Success In College And Career: Oregon Edition, Dave Dillon, Linnea Angelica Spitzer, Norma Cárdenas

PDXOpen: Open Educational Resources

Blueprint for Success in College and Career, Oregon Edition is a students' guide for classroom and career success. This text, designed to show how to be successful in college and in career preparation, focuses on study skills, time management, career exploration, health, and financial literacy.

Design And Development Of An Automatic Steering System For Agricultural Towed Implements, Nadia Delavarpour

Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering

While an auto steered tractor can improve the overall accuracy and efficiency of an operation, for operations that involve towing an implement, a significant portion of the efficiency reduction comes from uncontrolled motions of the towed implement. Therefore, there is a crucial need to study auto steering system for towed implement as well. In this study different requirements of an auto steering system for a towed implement were developed and studied. In this study the guiding performance of two local positioning sensors (Tactile and Ultrasonic sensors) under similar conditions were studied for reading different trajectories at different traveling speed. Furthermore, …

Escaping Circularity: The Fourth Amendment And Property Law, João Marinotti

Articles by Maurer Faculty

The Supreme Court’s “reasonable expectation of privacy” test under the Fourth Amendment has often been criticized as circular, and hence subjective and unpredictable. The Court is presumed to base its decisions on society’s expectations of privacy, while society’s expectations of privacy are themselves presumed to be based on the Court’s judgements. As a solution to this problem, property law has been repeatedly propounded as an allegedly independent, autonomous area of law from which the Supreme Court can glean reasonable expectations of privacy without falling back into tautological reasoning.

Such an approach presupposes that property law is not itself circular. If …

Synthesizing And Disseminating Research Findings Digitally, 21cleo Research Team

21CLEO Research Project Blog Posts

No abstract provided.

Approaching An Untamed Poetry: Arab North American Poetry In The Classroom, Rachel Norman

Faculty Publications

This essay by Rachel Norman originally appeared in the edited volume, Teaching Asian North American Texts.

Making Sense Of Counseling And Counselor Training In The Chinese Context: Two Ipa Studies On U.S.-Trained Chinese Counselors’ Experiences Practicing In China, Yun Shi

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Music: Modernist Remediation And Technologies Of Listening, Josh Epstein

English Faculty Publications and Presentations

Excerpt:
Ludwig van Beethoven, if not exactly a modernist, offers ample fodder for modern artists looking to defend – or expand – their turf. While producing City Lights (1928), Charlie Chaplin responded to the newly popular ‘talkies’ by proclaiming that ‘Moving pictures need sound as much as Beethoven symphonies need lyrics’ (qtd. in Crafton 1999: 296).