Digital Commons Network^™

Nursing Education For Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections In Intensive Care Units, Carren Sandra Mullings

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) are the most acquired hospital infection in the United States. CLABSI is caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream through a central line. In the United States, CLABSI has a mortality rate of 18%, and every year 250,000 people are infected. Of these, 30,000 patients die due to CLABSI infections, hospital stays are prolonged, and hospital costs are increased. Patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) are more exposed to CLABSI because of procedures that break tissues and skin, such as the insertion of a central line. A gap in practice was identified …

Health Department Prevention/Education Plans And Perceived Risks Of Zika Infection, Lacey Jacques

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractZika virus is an infectious disease caused by the bite of an infected mosquito that has been linked to increased rates of microcephaly and other devastating birth defects. The existing body of knowledge has focused on the individual-level factors that influence a person’s decisions about prevention activities and risk perceptions related to Zika virus. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between state-level plans for prevention and education and individual-level risk perceptions. Rosenstock’s health belief model lays a foundation for why individuals make the health decisions they do and helps explain how these can be influenced for …

Oral Health Behaviors, Attitudes, And Dental Diseases In Native American/Alaskan Native School-Age Children, Tawanda Martin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Dental disease is a highly preventable pediatric disease, and 70% of Native American/Alaskan Native (NA/AN) preschool children have a history of dental caries, which is 3.5 times higher than in the general population. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis examining the impact of oral health behaviors and attitudes of NA/AN parents and guardians on dental disease in NA/AN school-age children. The impact of frequency of flossing and brushing, consumption of sugary foods, dental visits, dental attendance reason, sealants, fluoride treatment, and oral health education by NA/AN parents and guardians on children’s caries and periodontal diseases status was explored. Additionally, …

Staff Nurse Education On Best Practices For Preventing Blood-Borne Pathogen Exposures, Moriohunmubo Grace Omonayin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) are an occupational risk confronted by many health care workers. Nurses are routinely exposed to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus. A literature review, which included retrieval of peer-reviewed quantitative articles, systematic reviews, and mixed-methods studies published between 2014 and 2021 supported the need for nurses to be knowledgeable about prevention of BBP exposures and the processes to follow after an incident. The project aimed to educate staff nurses on the best practices for preventing the risk for and transmission of BBPs. A pretest–education–posttest format was used to assess knowledge before and after the presentation …

Comprehensive Sex Education, Religious Affiliated Organizations, And Std Knowledge Among Young Adults, Leslie Marie Shaffer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractEvery year there are approximately 20 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States, and half of these are among young adults. Stark County, Ohio recently experienced an increase in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis cases among 18- to 24-year-old individuals. Public health practitioners have since called for research regarding factors that affect STD knowledge and perceptions in this population. This cross-sectional study was guided by the social-ecological model and assessed the association between attendance at a religious-affiliated institution, access to comprehensive sex education, and STD knowledge. One hundred thirty-eight (n=138) participants, aged 18 to 24 years, …

Brazil’S Violence Against Indigenous Peoples, Andre Taylor

Human Rights Brief

Centuries of violence and displacement define the relationship between indigenous peoples and the successive governments of Brazil. As Brazil embarks on a massive expansion of its agribusiness and mining operations, the systemic denial of land rights and illegal economic activity on protected lands has threatened traditional ways of life practiced by indigenous peoples. The most aggressive policy taken by the Brazilian government has involved legitimizing land claims on unregistered ancestral indigenous lands for development, putting 37,800 square miles of territory at risk for exploitation by loggers, ranchers, and farmers.

A Serotonin-Mediated Aversive Mechanism Influences Individually Variable Resilience Toacquire And Relapse To Cocaine-Seeking, Ying S. Chao

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Although cocaine and other psychostimulants are highly rewarding, they also produce aversive effects that influence drug-seeking, and that are stronger in some individuals than others for poorly understood reasons. We now find in rats that cocaine depolarizes neurons of the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), a major GABAergic afferent to midbrain dopamine neurons, and a driver of punishment learning. This activation is mediated by post-synaptic serotonin 2C receptors, and is particularly strong in subsets of animals having heightened aversive responses to cocaine, among whom it slows the initial acquisition of cocaine self-administration and reduced cue-induced relapse for cocaine after extinction. These …

Performance Of The Universal Vital Assessment (Uva) Mortality Risk Score In Hospitalized Adults With Infection In Rwanda: A Retrospective External Validation Study, Riley Hazard, Danstan Bagenda, Andrew J. Patterson, Julie T. Hoffman, Steven J. Lisco, Olivier Urayeneza, Polyphile Ntihinyurwa, Christopher C. Moore

Journal Articles: Anesthesiology

BACKGROUND: We previously derived a Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score to better risk-stratify hospitalized patients in sub-Saharan Africa, including those with infection. Here, we aimed to externally validate the performance of the UVA score using previously collected data from patients hospitalized with acute infection in Rwanda.

METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from adults ≥18 years with acute infection admitted to Gitwe District Hospital in Rwanda from 2016 until 2017. We calculated the UVA score from the time of admission and at 72 hours after admission. We also calculated quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and modified …

Fielding Vaccines-Challenges And Opportunities In Outbreaks, Complex Emergencies, And Mass Gatherings, Laura J. Fischer, Robert C. Rains, Sherry M. Brett-Major, Mikiko Senga, Debra Holden, David Brett-Major

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of vaccine development, distribution, and uptake has come to the forefront of the public eye. Effectively fielding vaccines during an emergency-whether that emergency is a result of an infectious disease or not-requires an understanding of usual vaccine-related processes; the impact of outbreak, complex emergencies, mass gatherings, and other events on patients, communities, and health systems; and ways in which diverse resources can be applied to successfully achieve needed vaccine uptake. In this review, both the emergency setting and briefly vaccine product design are discussed in these contexts in order to provide a concise …

Emotional Distress Recovery For Mishandling Of Human Remains: A Fifty State Survey, Christopher Ogolla

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Psychological Impacts Of Covid-19 On Older Adults, Maria Coletta Angiolillo

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Medicine@Yale May/June 2022 Volume 17, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Covid-19

Virginia Journal of Public Health

PTSD in children post COVID-19 lockdowns in Norfolk, VA

Ali Alshayhan

Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Raihan Khan, Tony Jehi, & Andrew Peachey

A Dashboard for Optimizing the Placement of Mobile COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics

Alex Telionis, Justin Crow, Zakaria Mehrab, Mandy L. Wilson, Brian D. Klahn, Serina Chang, Galen Harrison, Bryan Lewis, Dennis Kim, Scott Spillmann, Kate Peters, Jure Leskovec, & Madhav V. Marathe

Returning to a New Normal: Examining Student’s Perceptions and Experiences of

Campus Reopening during COVID-19

Cara Tonn, Anne Dumadag, Hira Nadeem, Brenda Berumen-Flucker, Priyanka Patel, & Hadiza Galadima

Characterization Of A Novel Sensing Mechanism Governing Antigenic Variation In P. Falciparum, Victoria M. Schneider

Student Theses and Dissertations

Plasmodium falciparum expresses a multi-copy gene family called var in the intraerythroyctic stages of its life cycle in a mutually exclusive manner. var genes encode the chief antigenic and virulence determinant of P. falciparum, PfEMP1, and switching between active genes results in antigenic variation, allowing the parasite to evade the human immune system and cause chronic infections. The molecular mechanisms that control activation and silencing of individual var genes, as well as coordination of the switching process, presently remain incompletely defined. P. falciparum contains only ~60 var gene family members in its genome. Consequently, the question remains as to how …

When Not To Ask: A Defense Of Choice-Masking Nudges In Medical Research, Susanna Mcgrew, Sarah Raskoff, Benjamin E. Berkman

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Navigating Legalities In Crisis Standards Of Care, James G. Hodge Jr., Jennifer L. Piatt, Rebecca Freed

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Atkins V. Parker: Maximizing Treatments In A "Cruel World" Of Limited Resources Or Minimizing Constitutional Rights, Emily Mcgowan

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Medication Use Evaluation Of Vancomycin And Clindamycin For Group B Streptococcus Prophylaxis In Labor And Delivery Patients, Michelle Gronski Pharmd, Katelin Kimler Pharmd, Bcpps

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Supporting Environmental Justice: Transformative Leadership Dynamics Of Residents In Informal Subdivisions, Jose Perez Vela

2022 Fall Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

Residents in low-income informal subdivisions are commonly abandoned by neoliberal municipalities that avoid the financial costs of providing access to essential services, exposing them to environmental and climate injustices. Community leadership is critical for communities of color living in low-income informal subdivisions to develop resiliency against environmental injustices that absent governments have intensified. Fieldwork in Floral Farms and a Freedmen Settlement in Southeast Dallas County were used to document the leadership of each community. Historical accuracy was strengthened through interviews with residents in tandem with participatory mapping techniques and historical archives collected from county data. Community relationships developed through the …

Decapod Sentience: Broadening The Framework, Cecilia De Souza Valente

Animal Sentience

A framework for studying sentience in decapods is of great value, but how high a cost (in suffering) to each individual decapod (or any animal) is warranted for collecting scientific evidence of sentience? The lack of evidence for some of the target article’s proposed criteria surely results from the fact that research is focused mainly on biomedical studies, ecotoxicology, and commercial production, with decapod sentience and welfare seen as only a secondary research topic. I draw attention also to the possibility of a wider framework that includes all felt experiences, from suffering to pleasure.

Risk Factors Contributing To Urinary Tract Infections (Uti) In Neonates, Jennifer V. Harshman

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Urinary tract infections (UTI) in neonates are caused by many types of risk factors such as increased length of maternal labor, physiologic maternal conditions, prematurity, and decreased birth weight. Identification of potential risk factors for UTI in neonates can lead to rapid assessment and early interventions to treat urinary infection in the neonate before it transitions to a severe or life-threatening condition, such as a kidney infection or septicemia.

The primary purpose of this literature review was to examine risk factors predisposing neonates to UTI. The secondary purpose was to identify if length of time to drug therapy used to …

The Effects Of Delayed Initial Bathing In Newborns, Danielle Nitzachon

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Delayed bathing of the newborn infant for twenty-four hours after birth can decrease potential newborn complications such as hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and improve the infants skin integrity and breastfeeding rates. The primary purpose of this literature review was to examine the health benefits of delaying initial bathing in newborns for twenty-four hours. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using peer-reviewed, research articles from multiple databases focusing on delayed infant bathing after birth and health benefits. 15 articles met the inclusion criteria and answered the research questions. Two studies showed the effects of vernix caseosa on improved skin integrity and …

Former Female Sex Workers’ Perceptions Of Spirituality In Exiting Sex Work, Lisa Diane Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Exiting sex work is extremely difficult. Women trying to exit sex work experience cycles of exit and reentry until they finally succeed. Spirituality has been identified as one of the factors that contribute to the exiting process or that help in the decision of not returning to sex work. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis was to explore former female sex workers’ perceptions of spirituality during the process of exiting sex work. The integrated model for exiting sex work constituted the theoretical basis for this study. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 15 adult former female sex workers …

The Risk Factors For Hiv In African American Transgender Women In Connecticut, Oliver Kunda

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rate is 70 times higher for African American transgender women than in the general population. Despite decades of outreach and intervention effort to reduce HIV incidence in the transgender community by the lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transexual, queer, plus (LGBTQ+) community and public health organizations, the HIV prevalence rate for transgender women remains high at 38%. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to gain insights into how attitude, subjective social norms, and perceived behavioral control influence HIV risk behaviors of African American transgender women in Connecticut. Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior provided …

Experiences Of African American Female Offenders On Parole And Under Community Supervision, Shirley Lawson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American female offenders on parole under community supervision reenter communities as convicted felons and face the challenges of intersectionality and collateral consequences. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was to explore the experiences of African American female offenders active on parole and under community supervision. General strain theory was used to explore the experiences of African American female offenders on parole and under community supervision. Data were collected through semi-structured telephone interviews with a purposive sample of 10 African American female offenders, ages 18 and above who were on parole and under community supervision. Colaizzi’s seven-step method …

Experiences Of Nurses Who Provide Advance Care Planning In The Dialysis Setting, Sheree Mullen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractPatients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving dialysis experience increased symptom burden and multiple hospitalizations as the disease progresses. Dialysis nurses are charged with involving ESRD patients in decisions regarding their care and advance care planning for end-of- life; however, discussions about end-of-life care do not consistently occur. Providing advance care planning is important to involve the patient in their end-of-life care needs. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study guided by the theory of planned behavior was to explore the experiences of nurses who provide advance care planning to patients receiving dialysis therapy. Eight participants volunteered to participate …

Spirituality, Hiv And Black/African American Women, Shawanna D. Brun

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the surmounting prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among Black women, few studies have been conducted to examine culturally appropriate prevention methods to reduce the occurrence of the disease. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore how religion/spirituality affects the attitudes, beliefs, and self-perceptions of HIV/AIDS among 151 Black/African women, ages 25-44, in Florida, and to investigate the impact of HIV-related stigma on the attitudes, beliefs, and self-perceptions of HIV/AIDS within this population. Social cognitive theory was the framework of the study. Multiple linear regression and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the survey data. Results revealed …

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Emotional Health Of Military Police, Murat M. Elahi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In recent years, reports of police stress during the COVID-19 pandemic have proliferated across the United States. The extent and nature of the pandemic on the morale and emotional health of law enforcement and the communities they serve have received significant attention from scholars and researchers. In addition, a growing body of literature examining the impact on work performance and overall mental health of first responders serving selflessly during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic also exists. However, there was gap in the research of the impacts on the emotional health of military police members that have worked during the …

Barriers To Blood Availability Within The New Orleans Area, Tishawn Michelle Francis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An adequate and reliable supply of blood and blood components is becoming an increasing public health concern. Over the past decade, researchers have indicated a continued decline in the collection of blood products. An insufficient blood supply may present a risk to both patients and reserves for emergencies and disasters. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to determine whether gender, age group, ethnicity, year, serological tests, and discard factors were associated with the availability of the donated blood supply throughout the New Orleans region. The donated blood supply chain model guided this study. Secondary data were retrieved from …

Help-Seeking Behaviors For Depression Among Native Hawaiian Women In The Western Region Of The United States Mainland, Marlana Glover

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Help-seeking for depression, as with other mental illnesses is contingent upon stigmas that one perceives. Although causes for depression differ among indigenous populations, native Hawaiians suffer from the Western acculturation and colonization of their homeland. With lack of trust in the U.S. healthcare system, many native Hawaiians are reluctant to seek help for depression. Furthermore, research has shown that most studies on native Hawaiians are conducted in their native environment when many Hawaiians relocate to the U.S. mainland. Because of the current depression crisis, it is critical to explore depression among native Hawaiians, particularly women on the mainland to see …