Digital Commons Network^™

Knowledge And Practices On The Prevention And Management Of Diarrhea In Children Under-2 Years Among Women Dwelling In Urban Slums Of Karachi, Pakistan, Asif Khaliq, Amreen 1, Nazia Jameel, Stefanie J. Krauth

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death especially among children. The age-proportionate mortality of diarrheal disease in infants under 2 years is 72%, among children under 5 years of age. Children living in urban slums are more prone to develop diarrhea. Although the disease can be prevented by many simple cost-effective interventions, i.e. proper sanitation and hygiene, appropriate feeding, and timely vaccination, poverty and lack of basic life amenities often potentiate diarrhea mortality. Gadap town is the largest town of Karachi with a deprived health system. This study aims to assess pediatric diarrhea prevalence and related knowledge-practice gaps …

The Forgotten Epidemic: Identification Of Mtbc In The Neolithic Trypillia Of Verteba Cave, Ukraine, Tre Blohm

UM Graduate Student Research Conference (GradCon)

Microorganisms have plagued humankind for millennia and frequently participate in an evolutionary arms race against their hosts. Diseases from various microorganisms have crippled entire countries or led to massive population declines in recent history. However, much is unknown about epidemiology in ancient times. My project will be the first comprehensive paleoepidemiological approach to understand disease across populations in Europe during the Neolithic era (7000-1700BC). The Neolithic was one of the most profound transformations in human history, both culturally and biologically. Massive migrations, formations of the earliest settlements in Europe, and introduction of agriculture and pastoralism led to new environments for …

2022-03-04_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …

Fungal Endophytes Vary By Species, Tissue Type, And Life Cycle Stage In Intertidal Macroalgae, Guido Bonthond, Anastasiia Barilo, Ro J. Allen, Michael Cunliffe, Sa Krueger‐Hadfield

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Antimicrobial And Cytotoxic Activities Of Ascidian Species Collected From Egyptian Coasts, Amany Metwally, Sarah Ali Shalaby, Tarek Ahmed Temraz, Mohammed Ismail Ahmed

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

Discovering novel drugs for curing cancer and infectious diseases is the prime interest of several research areas now. Marine sessile invertebrates have produced secondary metabolites, a lot of which are utilized as novel pharmaceutical agents with diverse effects whether anti-cancer or anti-microbial. Ascidians are marine sessile animals (phylum: Chordata, class: Ascidiacea). Various anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial components are obtained from different bioactive compounds belonging to ascidian species and are in different stages of clinical trials. In this study, five ascidian species which are Polyclinum constellatum, Botryllus eilatensis, Didemnum sp., Symplegma rubra, and Styela canopus were collected from two coastal sites …

Association Of Anti-Contagion Policies With The Spread Of Covid-19 In United States, Ali Faghani, M. Courtney Hughes, Mahdi Vaezi

NIU Bibliography

Background: The outbreak of a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, raised worldwide concern. The present study investigates the association between anti-contagion policies and the spread of COVID-19 across the United States. Design and methods: We selected the most frequently implemented COVID-19 anti-contagion policies in all the U.S. states issued from 29 February 2020. Accordingly, we modified an epidemiological model and combined it with a comprehensive statistical analysis to evaluate the policies’ individual and overall likely impact. Results: For the first time, a novel index, evaluates the associations between policy implementation and COVID-19 …

Covid-19 In Cns And Pns: Basic And Clinical Focus On The Mechanisms Of Infection And New Tools For The Therapeutic Approach, Jorge Matias-Guiu, Jordi A. Matias-Guiu, Carmen Garrido, Genaro Pimienta, Patricio F. Reyes, Abdul Mannan Baig, Ulises Gomez-Pinedo

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Study Protocol For The Innovative Support For Patients With Sars-Cov-2 Infections Registry (Inspire): A Longitudinal Study Of The Medium And Long-Term Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Kelli N O'Laughlin, Matthew Thompson, Bala Hota, Michael Gottlieb, Ian D Plumb, Anna Marie Chang, Lauren E Wisk, Aron J Hall, Ralph C Wang, Erica S Spatz, Kari A Stephens, Ryan M Huebinger, Samuel A Mcdonald, Arjun Venkatesh, Nikki Gentile, B. H. Slovis, Mandy Hill, Sharon Saydah, Ahamed H Idris, Robert Rodriguez, Harlan M Krumholz, Joann G Elmore, Robert A Weinstein, Graham Nichol

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Reports on medium and long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections largely lack quantification of incidence and relative risk. We describe the rationale and methods of the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Registry (INSPIRE) that combines patient-reported outcomes with data from digital health records to understand predictors and impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: INSPIRE is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study of individuals with symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in eight regions across the US. Adults are eligible for enrollment if they are fluent in English or Spanish, reported symptoms suggestive of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and if they are within 42 days …

Conventional Therapies Deplete Brain-Infiltrating Adaptive Immune Cells In A Mouse Model Of Group 3 Medulloblastoma Implicating Myeloid Cells As Favorable Immunotherapy Targets, Zahra Abbas, Courtney George, Mathew Ancliffe, Meegan Howlett, Anya C. Jones, Mani Kuchibhotla, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya, Nicholas G. Gottardo, Raelene Endersby

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood brain cancer. Mainstay treatments of radiation and chemotherapy have not changed in decades and new treatment approaches are crucial for the improvement of clinical outcomes. To date, immunotherapies for medulloblastoma have been unsuccessful, and studies investigating the immune microenvironment of the disease and the impact of current therapies are limited. Preclinical models that recapitulate both the disease and immune environment are essential for understanding immune-tumor interactions and to aid the identification of new and effective immunotherapies. Using an immune-competent mouse model of aggressive Myc-driven medulloblastoma, we characterized the brain immune microenvironment and changes induced …

Abo Blood Groups And Covid-19 Transmission Among Family Members Living In The Same Household, Muaamr Shaheen, Manar Al Junaidi

Hebron University Research Journal-A (Natural Sciences) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- أ (العلوم الطبيعيه

Background: ABO blood groups may play a major role in the way COVID-19 spreads among same family members.

Objective: To determine the trends in the spread of COVID-19 in families according to their ABO blood groups. Explore the interrelationships between the main symptoms of COVID-19 infection.

Results: Two hundred forty-four subjects exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus participated in this study, 52 % males, age 29.64 ± 18.78 years. Forty-four percent of subjects have blood group A, 9 % were B, 7 % were AB and 32 % were O. Thirty-eight percent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive subjects have …

Spartan Daily, March 2, 2022, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2022

Volume 158, Issue 15

Preliminary Research On A Covid-19 Test Strategy To Guide Quarantine Interval In University Students, Jill M. Kolesar, Tyler Gayheart, Lance Poston, Eric Monday, Derek Forster, Elizabeth Belcher, Rani Jaiswal, J. Kirsten Turner, Donna K. Arnett, Eric B. Durbin, Joseph Monroe, Frank Romanelli, Susanne M. Arnold, C. Darrell Jennings, Heidi Weiss, Robert Dipaola

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Following COVID-19 exposure, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends a 10–14-day quarantine for asymptomatic individuals and more recently a 7-day quarantine with a negative PCR test. A university-based prospective cohort study to determine if early polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negativity predicts day 14 negativity was performed. A total of 741 asymptomatic students in quarantine was screened and 101 enrolled. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested on days 3 or 4, 5, 7, 10, and 14, and the proportion of concordant negative results for each day versus day 14 with a two-sided 95% exact binomial confidence interval was determined. Rates of concordant …

No Recourse To Public Funds: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis, A Jolly, J Singh, S Lobo

School of Health Professions

Purpose This study aims to outlines the findings of the first qualitative evidence synthesis of empirical research on the impact of the No Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) rule which prevents most temporary migrants from accessing social security benefits in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The review used the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol guidelines. Data were analysed by using Thomas and Harden’s (2008) thematic synthesis methodology. An initial 321 articles were identified from 13 databases, of which 38 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings The key insights were that NRPF causes destitution and extreme poverty and …

Cetacean Strandings In The Us Pacific Northwest 2000–2019 Reveal Potential Linkages To Oceanographic Variability, Amanda J. Warlick, Jessica L. Huggins, Dyanna M. Lambourn, Deborah A. Duffield, Dalin Nichole D'Alessandro, James M. Rice, John Calambokidis, M. Bradley Hanson, Joseph K. Gaydos, Multiple Additional Authors

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Studying patterns in marine mammal stranding cases can provide insight into changes in population health, abundance, and distribution. Cetaceans along the United States West coast strand for a wide variety of reasons, including disease, injury, and poor nutritional status, all of which may be caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Examining the potential drivers of these stranding cases can reveal how populations respond to changes in their habitat, notably oceanographic variability and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we aim to synthesize recent patterns in 1,819 cetacean strandings across 26 species in the Pacific Northwest from 2000 to 2019 to …

Daam2 Regulates Myelin Structure And The Oligodendrocyte Actin Cytoskeleton Through Rac1 And Gelsolin, Carlo D Cristobal, Chih-Yen Wang, Zhongyuan Zuo, Joshua A Smith, Aaron Lindeke-Myers, Hugo J Bellen, Hyun Kyoung Lee

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Myelin is essential to neuronal health and CNS function, and oligodendrocytes (OLs) undergo a complex process of cytoskeletal remodeling to form compact myelin sheaths. We previously discovered that a formin protein, Dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (Daam2), suppresses OL differentiation through Wnt signaling; however, its role in cytoskeletal control remains unknown. To investigate this, we used OL-specific Daam2 conditional knockout (Daam2 cKO) mice of either sex and found myelin decompaction during an active period of myelination in postnatal development and motor coordination deficits in adulthood. Using primary OL cultures, we found Daam2-depleted OLs showed morphologic dysregulation during differentiation, suggesting …

Thermal And Hormonal Effects On Gene Expression And Development In The Red-Eared Slider Turtle, Rosario A. Marroquin-Flores

Theses and Dissertations

Sex determination refers to the process by which cues from genes (genotypic sex determination) or environmental conditions (environmental sex determination) trigger bipotential gonads to develop into either ovaries or testes. Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is a well-studied form of environmental sex determination in reptiles. The red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) exhibits a form of TSD where cool incubation temperatures produce males and warm incubation temperatures produce females. In species with TSD, gonadal differentiation is regulated by network of genes and hormones that induce male or female development. TSD is most frequently studied in the laboratory using constant male and …

Fulminant Giant Cell Myocarditis Requiring Bridge With Mechanical Circulatory Support To Heart Transplantation, Yevgeniy Brailovsky Do, Msc, Amirali Masoumi Md, Rachel Bijou Md, Estefania Oliveros Md, Ms, Gabriel Sayer Md, Koji Takeda Md, Phd, Nir Uriel Md, Msc

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare cause of cardiogenic shock requiring a high index of suspicion, rapid immunosuppressive therapy, and mechanical circulatory support. We present the case of a patient with giant cell myocarditis who underwent a successful bridge with four different types of mechanical circulatory support devices to heart transplantation. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)

Human Development And The Hiv/Aids Epidemic In Sub-Saharan Africa, Manfred Wogugu

Great Plains Sociologist

The adoption of both the biomedical and socio-behavioral approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in a significant drop in mortality. However, there is a need to take into account and address the structural inequalities of limited access to employment, education, and affordable health care; gender disparity, poverty and the disease environment in order to accelerate the tempo of this decline. Applying the social inequality framework, and using the various Inequality-adjusted Human Development indices (IHDI) by the Atkinson index, a descriptive analysis of data from the statistical annex to the 2011 UNDP Development Report was undertaken to factor …

Overcoming The Imposter Phenomenon: Exploring The Strategies Secondary Educators Used To Cope During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Barbra J.C. Bedwell

Dissertations

Purpose. The purpose of this descriptive mixed-method study was to explore and describe the coping skills used by secondary teachers who identified as experiencing the impostor phenomenon (IP) by the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) (Clance, 1985) to overcome the nine behavioral characteristics of IP during the transition to distance learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology. This descriptive mixed-methods research design used both quantitative and qualitative techniques to identify teachers with IP and explore the coping techniques they used during distance learning. First, a quantitative 20-question diagnostic survey, the CIPS, was used to identify teachers with IP. …

Rapid Assessment Of Opisthorchis Viverrini Igg Antibody In Serum: A Potential Diagnostic Biomarker To Predict Risk Of Cholangiocarcinoma In Regions Endemic For Opisthorchiasis., Rutchanee Rodpai, Vor Luvira, Lakkhana Sadaow, Wattana Sukeepaisarnjaroen, Amnat Kitkhuandee, Krisada Paonariang, Oranuch Sanpool, Wannaporn Ittiprasert, Victoria H. Mann, Pewpan M Intapan, Paul J. Brindley, Wanchai Maleewong

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Opisthorchiasis is caused by an infection with fish-borne liver flukes of the genus Opisthorchis. Opisthorchiasis frequently leads to chronic inflammation in the biliary tract and is classified as a group 1 biological carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer: a definitive risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

METHODS: We used the rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) to detect anti-Opisthorchis viverrini IgG and IgG4 subclass antibodies in sera of patients with CCA. The ICT kits were developed based on soluble antigens excreted and secreted by O. viverrini adult worms.

RESULTS: ICT indicated sera was positive for IgG and IgG4 antibodies, respectively, …

In Silico Tools For Analysis Of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms In The Bovine Transferrin Gene, Aarif Ali, Muneeb U. Rehman, Syed Mudasir Ahmad, Tabish Mehraj

Faculty and Student Publications

Dairy cattle with a high milk yield are susceptible to many infectious diseases, such as mastitis. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is the most prevalent form of mastitis that predominantly affects animal health, and causes adverse effects on the quality and quantity of milk. In dairy animals, subclinical mastitis often remains undetected, as no gross changes in udder characteristics are visible. In the present study, 135 Holstein Friesian dairy animals were selected and screened as healthy (n = 25) and mastitic (n = 110) based on diagnostic tests such as the California mastitis test, pH, electrical conductivity, and somatic cell count. In …

Teacher Enactment Of The Geospatial Inquiry Cycle In Classrooms Following Scaled Up Professional Learning And Development, Brooke A. Whitworth, Lori Rubino-Hare, Francis Boateng, Anne Hamlin, Nena E. Bloom, Eric Nolan

Publications

The current study examined the effects of a nationally scaled up Professional Learning and Development (PLD) model on teachers’ classroom implementation of the Geospatial Inquiry instructional framework. Geospatial Inquiry is defined as: asking and answering a research question through the analysis and communication of data that is linked to a geographic location on, above, or near Earth. These data are often represented visually via maps and explored with geospatial technologies. It also examined the relationships between Geospatial Inquiry Teacher Workshop (GITW) implementation and teacher implementation of the Geospatial Inquiry Cycle. Situated cognition provided a theoretical framework for the design, development, …

Salicylic Acid And N-Hydroxypipecolic Acid At The Fulcrum Of The Plant Immunity-Growth Equilibrium, Alyssa Shields, Vanessa Shivnauth, Christian Danve M. Castroverde

Biology Faculty Publications

Salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) are two central plant immune signals involved in both resistance at local sites of pathogen infection (basal resistance) and at distal uninfected sites after primary infection (systemic acquired resistance). Major discoveries and advances have led to deeper understanding of their biosynthesis and signaling during plant defense responses. In addition to their well-defined roles in immunity, recent research is emerging on their direct mechanistic impacts on plant growth and development. In this review, we will first provide an overview of how SA and NHP regulate local and systemic immune responses in plants. We …

The Impact Of Early Goal Directed Sepsis Bundle Sets In The Emergency Department And The Impact Of Sep-1 Compliance Rates, Christie L. Ferrari

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Sepsis is a medical emergency that is prevalent throughout hospitals everywhere. Due to the growing crisis, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in collaboration with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) adopted core measures for sepsis (SEP-1) which aim at improving overall compliance of evidence-based treatment standards for sepsis. The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to determine if incorporating early goal directed sepsis bundles in a rural Midwestern ED was effective in increasing compliance with SEP-1 rates. The secondary purpose evaluated how nursing knowledge, awareness, and compliance with sepsis bundles affects SEP-1 compliance rates. …

Contemporary Clinical And Molecular Epidemiology Of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Bacteremia: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study (Venous I), German A. Contreras, Jose M. Munita, Shelby Simar, Courtney Luterbach, An Q. Dinh, Kirsten Rydell, Pranoti V. Sahasrabhojane, Rafael Rios, Lorena Diaz, Kate Reyes, Marcus J. Zervos, Helina Misikir, Gabriela Sanchez-Petitto, Catherine Liu, Yohei Doi, Lilian M. Abbo, Luis Shimose, Harald Seifert, Carlota Gudiol, Fernanda Barberis, Claudia Pedroza, Samuel L. Aitken, Samuel A. Shelburne, David Van Duin, Truc T. Tran, Blake M. Hanson, Cesar A. Arias

Infectious Diseases Articles

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are major therapeutic challenges. Prospective contemporary data characterizing the clinical and molecular epidemiology of VRE bloodstream infections (BSIs) are lacking.

METHODS: The Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal BSI Outcomes Study (VENOUS I) is a prospective observational cohort of adult patients with enterococcal BSI in 11 US hospitals. We included patients with Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium BSI with ≥1 follow-up blood culture(s) within 7 days and availability of isolate(s) for further characterization. The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were mortality at days 4, 7, 10, 12, and 15 after index blood culture. A desirability of outcome …

The Cater-Davis Connection, Steve Malone, Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Genealogical Records

No abstract provided.

The Mutant Mouse Resource And Research Center (Mmrrc): The Nih-Supported National Public Repository And Distribution Archive Of Mutant Mouse Models In The Usa., James Amos-Landgraf, Craig Franklin, Virginia Godfrey, Franziska Grieder, Kristin Grimsrud, Ian Korf, Cathleen Lutz, Terry Magnuson, Oleg Mirochnitchenko, Samit Patel, Laura G Reinholdt, K C Kent Lloyd

Faculty Research 2022

The Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MMRRC) Program is the pre-eminent public national mutant mouse repository and distribution archive in the USA, serving as a national resource of mutant mice available to the global scientific community for biomedical research. Established more than two decades ago with grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the MMRRC Program supports a Consortium of regionally distributed and dedicated vivaria, laboratories, and offices (Centers) and an Informatics Coordination and Service Center (ICSC) at three academic teaching and research universities and one non-profit genetic research institution. The MMRRC Program accepts the submission of unique, …

Magic Wavelengths For 1s–Ns And 2s–Ns Transitions In Hydrogenlike Systems, Chandra M. Adhikari, Jonathan C. Canales, Thusitha P.W. Arthanayaka, Ulrich D. Jentschura

College of Health, Science, and Technology

We study the magic wavelength for two-photon 1S–nS transitions in a hydrogen and deuterium atom, as well as 2S–nS transitions, where the lower level is the metastable 2S state. At the magic wavelength, the dynamic Stark shifts of the ground and the excited state of the transition coincide, so that the transition frequency is independent of the intensity of the trapping laser field. Experimentally feasible magic wavelengths of transitions with small slopes in the atomic polarizabilities are determined; these are the most stable magic wavelengths against variations of the laser frequency. We provide data for the magic wavelengths for the …

Fatal Neurodissemination And Sars-Cov-2 Tropism In K18-Hace2 Mice Is Only Partially Dependent On Hace2 Expression, Mariano Carossino, Devin Kenney, Aoife K. O’Connell, Paige Montanaro, Anna E. Tseng, Hans P. Gertje, Kyle A. Grosz, Maria Ericsson, Bertrand R. Huber, Susanna A. Kurnick, Saravanan Subramaniam, Thomas Kirkland, Joel R. Walker, Kevin P. Francis, Alexander D. Klose, Neal Paragas, Markus Bosmann, Mohsan Saeed, Udeni Balasuriya, Florian Douam, Nicholas Crossland

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Options In The Treatment Of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Implications For Low Resource Areas, Pauline Samia, Katherine Oyieke, Dorcas Tunje, Anaita Udwadia-Hegde, Kristen Feemster, Ibrahim Oncel, Banu Anlar

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Purpose of the review Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, slowly progressive, and frequently fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by measles virus. The risk of SSPE remains signifcant globally, with fuctuating incidence noted in in tandem with measles vaccine uptake. This review aims to explore the current global status of SSPE, its treatment, and preventive measures.

Recent findings An increase in measles cases have been reported in various parts of the world for different reasons related to the regional context of the outbreak. With reduction in measles vaccine doses since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the future risk of …