Digital Commons Network^™

Standardized Health Data And Research Exchange (Share): Promoting A Learning Health System., Sierra Davis, Louis Ehwerhemuepha, William Feaster, Jeffrey Hackman, Hiroki Morizono, Saravanan Kanakasabai, Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa, Jerry Parker, Gary Iwamoto, Nisha Patel, Gary Gasparino, Natalie Kane, Mark A. Hoffman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Aggregate de-identified data from electronic health records (EHRs) provide a valuable resource for research. The Standardized Health data and Research Exchange (SHaRE) is a diverse group of US healthcare organizations contributing to the Cerner Health Facts (HF) and Cerner Real-World Data (CRWD) initiatives. The 51 facilities at the 7 founding organizations have provided data about more than 4.8 million patients with 63 million encounters to HF and 7.4 million patients and 119 million encounters to CRWD. SHaRE organizations unmask their organization IDs and provide 3-digit zip code (zip3) data to support epidemiology and disparity research. SHaRE enables communication between members, …

Dean's Research Newsletter, April 2022, Jerry L. Nadler

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Cyp2d6 Gene Resequencing In The Malagasy, A Population At The Crossroads Between Asia And Africa: A Pilot Study, E Ricky Chan, Rajeev K. Mehlotra, Karim A Pirani, Arsene C. Ratsimbasoa, Scott M. Williams, Andrea Gaedigk, Peter A. Zimmerman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic in Madagascar, where populations have genetic inheritance from Southeast Asia and East Africa. Primaquine, a drug of choice for vivax malaria, is metabolized principally via CYP2D6. CYP2D6 variation was characterized by locus-specific gene sequencing and was compared with TaqMan™ genotype data. Materials & methods: Long-range PCR amplicons were generated from 96 Malagasy samples and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Results: The authors observed high concordance between TaqMan™-based CYP2D6 genotype calls and the base calls from sequencing. In addition, there are new variants and haplotypes present in the Malagasy. Conclusion: Sequencing unique admixed populations provides more …

European Starling Use Of Nest Boxes Relative To Human Disturbance, Bradley Blackwell, Bruce N. Buckingham, Morgan B. Pfeiffer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

gars and to engine and flight surfaces of moored aircraft. We questioned whether consistent removal of nest material would negatively affect use of a nest site, measured by a reduction in material accumulation. We conducted our study on a 2,200-ha site in Erie County, Ohio, USA (41° 22’ N, 82° 41’ W), from April 15 through June 2, 2020. We used 120 wooden nest boxes on utility poles, protected by an aluminum predator guard below the box. Our treatments included (1) twice weekly, repeated nest material removal (RMR; n = 40 nest boxes); (2) complete nest removal, but only after …

Understanding Continent-Wide Variation In Vulture Ranging Behavior To Assess Feasibility Of Vulture Safe Zones In Africa: Challenges And Possibilities, Adam Kane, Ara Monadjem, H. K.Ortwin Aschenborn, Keith Bildstein, André Botha, Claire Bracebridge, Evan R. Buechley, Ralph Buij, John P. Davies, Maria Diekmann, Colleen T. Downs, Nina Farwig, Toby Galligan, Gregory Kaltenecker, Chris Kelly, Ryno Kemp, Holger Kolberg, Monique L. Mackenzie, John Mendelsohn, Msafiri Mgumba, Ran Nathan, Aaron Nicholas, Darcy Ogada, Morgan Pfeiffer, W. Louis Phipps, Matteuns D. Pretorius, Sascha Rösner, Dana G. Schabo, Gabriel Lita Shatumbu, Orr Spiegel, Lindy J. Thompson, Jan A. Venter, Munir Virani, Kerri Wolter, Corinne J. Kendall

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Protected areas are intended as tools in reducing threats to wildlife and preserving habitat for their long-term population persistence. Studies on ranging behavior provide insight into the utility of protected areas. Vultures are one of the fastest declining groups of birds globally and are popular subjects for telemetry studies, but continent-wide studies are lacking. To address how vultures use space and identify the areas and location of possible vulture safe zones, we assess home range size and their overlap with protected areas by species, age, breeding status, season, and region using a large continent-wide telemetry datasets that includes 163 individuals …

Economic Consequences Of The Wolf Comeback In The Western United States, Dana Hoag, Stewart W. Breck, Kevin Crooks, Becky Niemiec

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Gray wolves were eradicated from most of the United States in the 1940’s but have made a comeback in parts of their historic range over the last two decades. First reintroduced into the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and central Idaho in the mid-1990’s, wolves have subsequently dispersed into at least 7 western states. Coloradoans became the latest state to take interest in bolstering wolf populations, as residents passed a ballot initiative in November 2020 to reintroduce a self-sustaining population of gray wolves by the end of 2023. Conflicts between people in rural areas that might incur costs (such as livestock loss) …

Facilitators To Becoming And Remaining Open Defecation Free In Uganda: Implications For Community-Led Total Sanitation Programming, Danette Lee Cagnet

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Poor sanitation behaviors, including open defecation, present risks for diarrhea, which is credited with 600,000 deaths a year in children under age five. Although CLTS is a solution to ending open defecation, more than half of the investment in producing open defecation free (ODF) communities is lost during the maintenance phase. The purpose of this qualitative, case study was to understand stakeholder perceptions of the facilitators and hindrances to becoming ODF certified and maintaining ODF status and sanitary behaviors in a small village community located in Uganda, East Africa. The researcher held individual interviews and in-person focus group discussions to …

Notch-Induced Mdsc Recruitment After Ohsv Virotherapy In Cns Cancer Models Modulates Antitumor Immunotherapy, Yoshihiro Otani, Ji Young Yoo, Cole T Lewis, Samantha Chao, Jessica Swanner, Toshihiko Shimizu, Jin Muk Kang, Sara A Murphy, Kimberly Rivera-Caraballo, Bangxing Hong, Joseph C Glorioso, Hiroshi Nakashima, Sean E Lawler, Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda, John D Heiss, Yuanqing Yan, Guangsheng Pei, Michael A Caligiuri, Zhongming Zhao, E Antonio Chiocca, Jianhua Yu, Balveen Kaur

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV) infection of brain tumors activates NOTCH, however the consequences of NOTCH on oHSV-induced immunotherapy is largely unknown. Here we evaluated the impact of NOTCH blockade on virus-induced immunotherapy.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), TCGA data analysis, flow cytometry, Luminex- and ELISA-based assays, brain tumor animal models, and serum analysis of patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) treated with oHSV was used to evaluate the effect of NOTCH signaling on virus-induced immunotherapy.

RESULTS: TCGA data analysis of patients with grade IV glioma and oHSV treatment of experimental brain tumors in mice showed that NOTCH signaling significantly …

Popular Information: An Analysis Of Foi Use And Behavior, A.Jay Wagner

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

A substantial amount of freedom of information research exists, though a majority is focused on U.S. laws' outcomes and FOI's shortcomings. But little is known about who makes requests and why requests are made in the United States. The exploratory study addresses these gaps via a nationally representative survey across key demographic variables of 1116 U.S. residents. Analysis found advanced education to be a strong, positive predictor of FOI familiarity and request submission. Malegender and a belief that FOI improves government accountability were also found to be significant predictors of FOI knowledge and use. The survey sampled U.S. residents, but …

Medical Factors Associated With Caregiver Intention To Vaccinate Their Children Against Covid-19, Thao-Ly Phan, Paul T Enlow, Michael King, Amanda M Lewis, Anne E Kazak, Jonathan M Miller

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Objective: To describe medical factors that are associated with caregiver intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of families receiving primary care in a mid-Atlantic pediatric healthcare system, linking caregiver-reported data from a survey completed March 19 to April 16, 2021 to comprehensive data from the child's EHR.

Results: 513 families were included (28% Black, 16% Hispanic, 44% public insurance, 21% rural, child age range 0-21 years). 44% of caregivers intended to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, while 41% were not sure and 15% would not. After adjusting for socio-demographics, the only medical factors …

Fluvoxamine For Outpatient Management Of Covid-19 To Prevent Hospitalization: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Todd C Lee, Simone Vigod, Émilie Bortolussi-Courval, Ryan Hanula, David R Boulware, Eric J Lenze, Angela M Reiersen, Emily G Mcdonald

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Widely available and affordable options for the outpatient management of COVID-19 are needed, particularly for therapies that prevent hospitalization.

Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of the available randomized clinical trial evidence for fluvoxamine in the outpatient management of COVID-19.

Data Sources: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Study Selection: Studies with completed outpatient trials with available results that compared fluvoxamine with placebo were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis: The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed and study details in terms of inclusion criteria, trial demographics, and the prespecified outcome of all-cause hospitalization were extracted. Risk of …

Differences In Covid-19-Related Testing And Healthcare Utilization By Race And Ethnicity In The Veterans Health Administration, Javad Razjouyan, Drew A Helmer, Ang Li, Aanand D Naik, Christopher I Amos, Venkata Bandi, Amir Sharafkhaneh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Recent reports indicate differences in COVID-19-related care and outcomes between Black and White Americans.

OBJECTIVE: We examine the COVID-19-related healthcare utilization and mortality by race and ethnicity of patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: We used the VHA COVID-19 shared data resources between February 1 and June 30, 2020.

PARTICIPANTS: Veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2 virus by VHA.

EXPOSURE(S): Three racial-ethnicity groups of Black, Hispanic, and White (as reference) veterans.

MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S): Main outcomes are testing rate, positivity rate, hospitalization rate, ICU admission rate, and in-hospital mortality. Controlling …

Clinical Presentation, Treatment, And Genetic And Histopathological Analysis Of Juvenile Cataracts And Secondary Glaucoma In A Rhesus Macaque (Macaca Mulatta), M Isabel Casanova, Rui Chen, Laura M Garzel, Katherine J Olstad, Soohyun Kim, Ronald Alan Harris, Yumei Li, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Qingnan Liang, Jun Wang, Glenn Yiu, John Timothy Stout, Jeffrey A Roberts, Jeffrey Rogers, Ala Moshiri, Sara M Thomasy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This report describes the clinical and histological findings, genetic study, and treatment in a 1.3-year-old rhesus macaque with bilateral cataracts and unilateral secondary glaucoma. Intravitreal injection of gentamicin decreased the intraocular pressure from 56 to <2 mm Hg. A putative genetic cause of the cataracts was not identified.

Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling Of Murine Conjunctival Immune Cells Reveals Distinct Populations Expressing Homeostatic And Regulatory Genes, Jehan Alam, Ghasem Yazdanpanah, Rinki Ratnapriya, Nicholas Borcherding, Cintia S De Paiva, Dequan Li, Stephen C Pflugfelder

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Immune cells in the exposed conjunctiva mucosa defend against environmental and microbial stresses. Expression profiling by single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to identify conjunctival immune cell populations expressing homeostatic and regulatory genes. Fourteen distinct clusters were identified, including myeloid cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages), dendritic cells (DC), and lymphoid cells (B, T, γδT, ILC2, and NK) lineages. Novel neutrophil [lipocalin (Lcn2) high and low), and MHCIIlo macrophage (MP) clusters were identified. More than half of the cells map to myeloid and dendritic cell populations with differential expression profiles that include genes with homeostatic and regulatory functions: Serpinb2 (MHCIIlo macrophage), …

Suppressing Fatty Acid Synthase By Type I Interferon And Chemical Inhibitors As A Broad Spectrum Anti-Viral Strategy Against Sars-Cov-2, Saba R. Aliyari, Xiaochao Wei, Clay F. Semenkovich, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen and a major global public health challenge since December of 2019, with limited effective treatments throughout the pandemic. As part of the innate immune response to viral infection, type I interferons (IFN-I) trigger a signaling cascade that culminates in the activation of hundreds of genes, known as interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), that collectively foster an antiviral state. We report here the identification of a group of type I interferon suppressed genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), which are involved in lipid metabolism. Overexpression of FASN or the addition of its downstream product, palmitate, increased …

Rocscholar Annual Report 2021, Lisa M. Buda, Elizabeth Mamo

Rochester Regional Health authored publications and proceedings

RocScholar is the institutional repository (IR) for Rochester Regional Health (RRH) and is managed by the Libraries at RRH. It provides storage and access for RRH’s research and scholarly activity. This report highlights the repository’s first year of implementation.

Derivation And Validation Of A Novel Risk Assessment Tool To Identify Children Aged 2–59 Months At Risk Of Hospitalised Pneumonia-Related Mortality In 20 Countries, Chris A Rees, Tim Colbourn, Shubhada Hooli, Carina King, Norman Lufesi, Eric D Mccollum, Charles Mwansambo, Clare Cutland, Shabir Ahmed Madhi, Marta Nunes, Joseph L Matthew, Emmanuel Addo-Yobo, Noel Chisaka, Mumtaz Hassan, Patricia L Hibberd, Prakash M Jeena, Juan M Lozano, William B Macleod, Archana Patel, Donald M Thea, Ngoc Tuong Vy Nguyen, Cissy B Kartasasmita, Marilla Lucero, Shally Awasthi, Ashish Bavdekar, Monidarin Chou, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Jean-William Pape, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccala, Valentina S Picot, Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Vanessa Rouzier, Graciela Russomando, Mariam Sylla, Philippe Vanhems, Jianwei Wang, Rai Asghar, Salem Banajeh, Imran Iqbal, Irene Maulen-Radovan, Greta Mino-Leon, Samir K Saha, Mathuram Santosham, Sunit Singhi, Sudha Basnet, Tor A Strand, Shinjini Bhatnagar, Nitya Wadhwa, Rakesh Lodha, Satinder Aneja, Alexey W Clara, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair, Jennifer Falconer, Shamim A Qazi, Yasir B Nisar, Mark I Neuman, World Health Organization Prepare Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings.

METHODS: We used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, including children evaluated for pneumonia in 20 low-income and middle-income countries. Patients with complete data were included in a logistic regression model to assess the association of candidate variables with the outcome hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality. Adjusted log coefficients were calculated for …

Vestibular Rehabilitation For Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: An Updated Clinical Practice Guideline From The Academy Of Neurologic Physical Therapy Of The American Physical Therapy Association, Courtney D Hall, Susan J Herdman, Susan L Whitney, Eric R Anson, Wendy J Carender, Carrie W Hoppes, Stephen P Cass, Jennifer B Christy, Helen S Cohen, Terry D Fife, Joseph M Furman, Neil T Shepard, Richard A Clendaniel, J Donald Dishman, Joel A Goebel, Dara Meldrum, Cynthia Ryan, Richard L Wallace, Nakia J Woodward

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Uncompensated vestibular hypofunction can result in symptoms of dizziness, imbalance, and/or oscillopsia, gaze and gait instability, and impaired navigation and spatial orientation; thus, may negatively impact an individual's quality of life, ability to perform activities of daily living, drive, and work. It is estimated that one-third of adults in the United States have vestibular dysfunction and the incidence increases with age. There is strong evidence supporting vestibular physical therapy for reducing symptoms, improving gaze and postural stability, and improving function in individuals with vestibular hypofunction. The purpose of this revised clinical practice guideline is to improve quality of care …

The Limits Of Law And Ai, Ryan Mccarl

University of Cincinnati Law Review

For thirty years, scholars in the field of law and artificial intelligence (AI) have explored the extent to which lawyers and judges can be assisted by computers. This Article describes the medium-term outlook for AI technologies and explains the obstacles to making legal work computable. I argue that while AI-based software is likely to improve legal research and support human decision making, it is unlikely to replace traditional legal work or otherwise transform the practice of law.

Hawks' Herald -- Mar. 31, 2022, Roger Williams University

Hawk's Herald

No abstract provided.

Life Stage And Proximity To Roads Shape The Skin Microbiota Of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus Viridescens), Vanessa P. Wuerthner, Jessica Hua, Obed Hernandez-Gomez

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

Host-associated microbiomes play an essential role in the health of organisms, including immune system activation, metabolism, and energy uptake. It is well established that microbial communities differ depending on the life stage and natural history of the organism. However, the effects of life stage and natural history on microbial communities may also be influenced by human activities. We investigated the effects of amphibian life stage (terrestrial eft vs. aquatic adult) and proximity to roadways on newt skin bacterial communities. We found that the eft and adult life stages differed in bacterial community composition; however, the effects of roads on community …

Informal Governance Of The United States, Edward Lee

Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Clinical Update 3/31/2022, George Washington University

GW Infectious Disease Updates

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Patients With Non-Malignant Pleural Effusion In Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh In 2019, Teuku Romi Imansyah Putra, Price Maya, Maryatun Hasan, Agung Pranata, Safira Salsabila, Hesti Ariandani Sariningrum

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Pleural effusion occurs when there is a pathological process causing fluid to accumulate in the pleural cavity. Pleural effusion is still the main cause of respiratory distress and can also be caused by many diseases either from pleural, lungs, or even extrapulmonary problems. The morbidity and mortality of this condition are directly associated with the underlying causes. The aim of this study is to investigate the profile of the patients, etiology, location, fluid characteristics, comorbidities, and also the bacteria pattern of non-malignant pleural effusion. Methods. This is a retrospective descriptive study thatused patient’s medical records from January to December …

Restrictions Of Human Rights On The Basis Of Public Welfare, Thomas Makoto Naruse

Japanese Society and Culture

One of the basic principles of Japanese Constitution is respect for human rights. However, the Constitution stipulates “public welfare” in 4 Articles, and recognizes restrictions on human rights. From its text, it appears that human rights restrictions are widely recognized. The debate over public welfare has gone through several stages, and understanding has changed. The aim of this article is to introduce the meaning of “public welfare” in Japanese Constitution, and how it works. After introducing the flow of the theory, this article will examine how it functions as a basis for restrictions on human rights.

Pandemics And The Protection Of Privacy And Personal Information: Issues With Regard To The Use And Protection Of Information On The Basis Of Improving Public Health In The Fight Against Infectious Diseases, Fumio Shimpo

Japanese Society and Culture

In order to make use of the response to the new the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for pandemic countermeasures due to infectious diseases that may have a serious impact on the lives and health of the people, which may occur in the future, the handling of personal information and the protection of privacy necessary to ensure the effectiveness of countermeasures against infectious diseases will be examined. This paper intends to establish to comprehensively understand the systems for the collection and publication of information related to infectious diseases based on the Infectious Diseases Control Law, and to clarify the structure and issues …

Leadership Matters: Supporting The Mental Health Needs Of Black And Latina/O Students In A Post Covid-19 World, Larry Walker, Michelle Sullivan, Nicola Stewart-Walker

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

Communities throughout the United States were devastated by the COVID-19 virus. For instance, the mortality rates are higher within Black and Latina/o communities compared to the overall United States population. The pandemic represents another problem that will contribute to anxiety disorders and depression among Black and Latina/o students. How we combat these issues is important. During the 2020-2021 school year millions of students returned to schools and some struggled to adjust because of the traumatic experiences associated with COVID-19. Students will need the support of administrators, teachers, and mental health practitioners. For this reason, this review of literature examined the …

The Relation Between Rainfall And Larval Density Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever With Spatial Modeling, Luthfiyah Maretha, Rahmatillah Razak, Achmad Fickry Faisya

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. This study aims to determine the relationship between rainfall and larval density which consist of House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI), and Larval Free Rate (LFR) on the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever using GIS modeling. The research method is quantitative with a spatial approach and Univariate and Bivariate analysis. The study population was all cases of DHF in all working areas of Lahat District Health Center, Lahat Regency in 2016-2019. The results of the statistical correlation test showed that there was a correlation …

Chloroquine-Susceptible And -Resistant Plasmodium Falciparum Strains Survive High Chloroquine Concentrations By Becoming Dormant But Are Eliminated By Prolonged Exposure, Johan Ursing, Rasmus Johns, Berit Aydin-Schmidt, Carla Calçada, Poul-Erik Kofoed, Najia Karim Ghanchi, Maria Isabel Veiga, Lars Rombo

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Plasmodium falciparum strains that are resistant to standard-dose chloroquine can be treated by higher chloroquine concentrations maintained for a longer time in vivo.
Objectives: To determine the relative importance of chloroquine concentrations versus exposure time for elimination of chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant P. falciparum in vitro.
Methods: Chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and -resistant (FCR3) strains were exposed in vitro to 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 times their respective 90% inhibitory chloroquine concentrations for 3, 5, 7 or 14 days and then followed until recrudescence, or not, by 42 days after the end of exposure.
Results: Exposure to chloroquine appeared to …

Future Anxiety And Immune Status In Nursing Students During The Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic, Agus Purnama, Isti Anindya

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a frightening global disease, especially because of its high contagiousness. This study aimed to identify the future anxiety regarding immunity status in nursing students who work in hospitals, especially those caring for patients with COVID-19. This study design was cross-sectional with standard translated instruments of the Future Anxiety Scale and Immune Status Questionnaire administered using a Google Form to 102 respondents. Results revealed that among the respondents, 87 experienced severe psychological anxiety (85.3%), 46 experienced moderate social anxiety (45.1%), 42 experienced moderate economic anxiety (41.2%), 38 experienced mild media anxiety (37.3%), 53 experienced mild religious anxiety …