Applying Third-Generation Sequencing To Pathogen Surveillance And Mixed Infection Detection, Jeremy B. Buttler

Biological Sciences

One Health is the concept of interconnected health between plants, animals, humans, microorganisms and the environments they live in. One Health issues surround many important viral pathogens, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and Ebola, that have likely come from zoonotic spillovers. Genomic epidemiology combines pathogen genomes with metadata to forecast, track, and prepare for future pathogens and pathogen variants that may cause epidemics. Genomic epidemiology has been used to detect and track viral variants that have the potential to escape vaccines for viruses like porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). PCV2 causes porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD), which results in weight loss and …

Sars-Cov-2 Productively Infects Primary Human Immune System Cells In Vitro And In Covid-19 Patients, Marjorie C Pontelli, Sean P J Whelan, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a hyperinflammatory state and lymphocytopenia, a hallmark that appears as both signature and prognosis of disease severity outcome. Although cytokine storm and a sustained inflammatory state are commonly associated with immune cell depletion, it is still unclear whether direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of immune cells could also play a role in this scenario by harboring viral replication. We found that monocytes, as well as both B and T lymphocytes, were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, accumulating double-stranded RNA consistent with viral RNA replication and ultimately leading to expressive …

Long-Term Effect Of A Gnrh-Based Immunocontraceptive On Feral Cattle In Hong Kong, Rebecca Pinkham, Ka-Kei Koon, Jason To, Jason Chan, Flavie Vial, Matt Gomm, Douglas C. Eckery, Giovanna Massei

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Increasing human-wildlife conflicts worldwide are driving the need for multiple solutions to reducing “problem” wildlife and their impacts. Fertility control is advocated as a non-lethal tool to manage free-living wildlife and in particular to control iconic species. Injectable immunocontraceptives, such as GonaCon, stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn affects the release of reproductive hormones in mammals. Feral cattle (Bos indicus or Bos taurus) in Hong Kong are an iconic species whose numbers and impacts on human activities have increased over the last decade. Previous studies have proven that a …

Ronald E. Mcnair Scholars Program Profiles And Abstracts 2022, Motutama Sipelii

McNair Symposium

This is the complete event program and provides presentation abstracts and biographies of McNair scholars and their mentors.

A Case Report Of Methemoglobinemia And Hemolytic Anemia In The Setting Of Covid-19 Pneumonia And G6pd Deficiency, Grant W. Jirka, Md, Travis Hunt, Md, Sushil Ghimire, Md, Rakhshanda Akram, Md, Urvashi Vaid, Md, Ms

The Medicine Forum

It is well known that hereditary or acquired methemoglobinemia can cause hypoxia due to the oxidation of heme, which impairs its ability to offload oxygen (Figures 1 & 2), and that acquired methemoglobinemia is most often caused by exposure to drugs and toxins that oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin, directly or indirectly1. Recently, a few case reports have highlighted methemoglobinemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Some of these reports were due to treatment with hydroxychloroquine and others from unidentifiable causes2-4. We present a case in which a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia was diagnosed with methemoglobinemia and acute hemolysis from G6PD deficiency …

2022-08-16_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/coronavirus-symptoms. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …

Improving Donor Bank Milk Administration Workflow In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Davelyn M. Moffit

Master's Projects and Capstones

_Abstract

Problem: Improvement in the donor bank milk (DBM) administration workflows is required to reduce documentation errors and discrepancies. Increased awareness of errors and their impact on quality, safety, and risk management is imperative to optimize clinical, operational, and financial outcomes, as well as a hospital’s reputation.

Context: Research shows human milk is beneficial to the growth of premature and medically-diagnosed term infants. Regulatory agencies recommend standards and guidelines to handle human milk and to monitor compliance and safety practices of healthcare organizations.

Intervention: An audit tool and process map were created to internally monitor the current process for DBM …

A One Health Approach: Addressing The Overuse Of Antibiotics In Agriculture, Abby Erin Anderson

Master's Projects and Capstones

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the leading public health threats of the 21^st century (Naghavi, 2022). AMR occurs due to an evolution of bacteria, making treatments of bacterial infections less effective (Naghavi, 2022). In recent years, several publications began identifying a linkage between antibiotic use in agriculture to humans. Roughly 70% of all antibiotics in the United States are being used in animal feed (Cable, 2018). More than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistance infections occur in the United States every year- which results in roughly 35,000 deaths (CDC, 2019). A comprehensive analysis estimated nearly 1.27 million deaths globally …

Ms 066 Guide To The Howard B. Hamilton, Md Papers (1945-1997), Howard B. Hamilton M.D.

Manuscript Finding Aids

The Howard B. Hamilton, MD, papers, MS 66, includes material from 1945-1997 related to the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). Hamilton was the Chief of Clinical Laboratories for the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission from 1956 until its dissolution in 1975. He served in the same capacity for the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, which succeeded the ABCC, until 1984. This collection encompasses this period of time in Dr. Hamilton's career, as well as his related scholarly work after his retirement from RERF. See more at MS 066.

Exploring New Jersey Public And Public Charter School Nurses' Knowledge Levels And Perceptions Of Food Allergies In Schools: A Mixed Methods Study, Lorelei Lorissa Cheli-Voorhees

Theses and Dissertations

The number of children affected by food allergies in the United States is large and increasing. The potential for life-threatening food-induced allergic reactions presents significant risks for students and schools. In the state of New Jersey, nurses are responsible for managing the risks associated with food allergies in elementary and secondary schools. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore and understand the knowledge, perceptions, policies, and practices of New Jersey public school nurses towards food allergies in schools. The participants were certified school nurses who currently work in public and public charter elementary and secondary schools in …

From Start To Finish: Examining Factors Associated With Higher Likelihood Of Publication Among Abstracts Presented At An International Infectious Diseases Scientific Meeting, Asia J. Johnson, Christopher M. Bland, Chengwen Teng, Lily Zheng, J Colin Hungerpiller, Morgan Easterling, Sarah Arnold, Madeline Dean, Carrington Royals, P. Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

Background The landscape of infectious diseases research by interprofessional teams continues to change in both scope and engagement. Limited information exists regarding publication metrics and factors associated with publication of abstracts presented at professional infectious diseases meetings.

Methods This was a retrospective, observational study evaluating abstracts presented at IDWeek in 2017 and 2018. The primary endpoint was the proportion of abstracts that were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals. Factors associated with publication were evaluated, and a description of publication metrics was reported.

Results Of the 887 abstracts analyzed from the IDWeek meetings, 236 (26.6%) were published. Significantly more abstracts were …

From The Headlines: A Textual Analysis Of Social Polarization And Discord In Times Of Pandemic Across A Century In The United States, Alexa Demarco

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Within the past century, three major pandemics have affected the United States – the Spanish Flu, AIDS, and COVID-19. Each of these pandemics has tested the capabilities of the public health sector and the social resilience of the population. Scientists have studied the viruses and implemented public health measures to limit viral transmission, but the social responses to these preventative measures proved to be difficult to predict and control. The dissonance and polarization between the public health initiatives and the response of the general public in the most recent pandemic was apparent. Was this a pattern in other pandemics? Was …

Cross-Sector Decision Landscape In Response To Covid-19: A Qualitative Network Mapping Analysis Of North Carolina Decision-Makers, Caitlin B Biddell, Karl T Johnson, Mehul D Patel, Raymond L Smith, Hillary K Hecht, Julie L Swann, Maria E Mayorga, Kristen Hassmiller Lich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic response has demonstrated the interconnectedness of individuals, organizations, and other entities jointly contributing to the production of community health. This response has involved stakeholders from numerous sectors who have been faced with new decisions, objectives, and constraints. We examined the cross-sector organizational decision landscape that formed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina.

METHODS: We conducted virtual semi-structured interviews with 44 organizational decision-makers representing nine sectors in North Carolina between October 2020 and January 2021 to understand the decision-making landscape within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with a complexity/systems thinking …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 132), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Science And Technology Resources On The Internet Maps For Health Metrics: An Epidemiology Resource Webliography, Rachel Deboer, Susan Ward Aber

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Maps have a long history of being used as sources to track disease outbreaks, link causes and effects of disease, combat misinformation, present ideas and improve patient care. This webliography is a compendium of thematic maps, including health metrics, risk factors, infectious diseases, cancers, chronic diseases, and psychiatric disorders. Maps were gathered after evaluating data for reliability and currency. These selective epidemiology resources may aid public health professionals, medical practitioners, researchers, and librarians, who serve an information-seeking clientele interested in health-related quality of life.

Oropouche Orthobunyavirus Infection Is Mediated By The Cellular Host Factor Lrp1, Madeline M Schwarz, David A Price, Safder S Ganaie, Annie Feng, Nawneet Mishra, Ryan M Hoehl, Farheen Fatma, Sarah H Stubbs, Sean P J Whelan, Xiaoxia Cui, Takeshi Egawa, Daisy W Leung, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Amy L Hartman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV;

The Prep Act And The Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program: Past, Present, And Future, Allison M. Whelan

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Tort Law’S New Quarantinism: Race And Coercion In The Age Of A Novel Coronavirus, Sierra Stubbs, John Fabian Witt

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Responsive Analysis: Public Health Federalism And Tort Reform In The U.S. Response To Covid-19, Timothy D. Lytton

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Regulating Health Care: Perspectives From Government Failure During The Covid-19 Pandemic, David A. Hyman, Charles Silver

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

An Ecological And Physiological Assessment Of Feather Mite-Bird Symbioses, Kevin James Krajcir

Student Theses and Dissertations

Feather mites are ectosymbiotic arthropods that reside primarily on the wing and tail feathers of most birds. Despite our growing understanding of feather mite biology, previous studies of the nature of the feather mite-avian host relationship report mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. Such inconsistencies are likely due to narrow study designs that fail to capture the possibility of context dependency in this interaction. To provide some clarity surrounding the nature of this symbiotic system, we explored how geographical, climatic, and ecological contexts relate to variation in feather mite abundance and how that abundance, consequently, associates with multiple metrics of host condition …

Plasmonic Nanomaterials-Based Point-Of-Care Biosensors, Rohit Gupta

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Point-of-care (POC) biosensors, although rapid and easy-to-use, are orders magnitude less sensitive than laboratory-based tests. Further they are plagued by poor stability of recognition element thus limiting its widespread applicability in resource-limited settings. Therefore, there is a critical need for realizing stable POC biosensors with sensitivity comparable to gold-standard laboratory-based tests. This challenge constitutes the fundamental basis of this dissertation work– to expand access to quality and accurate biodiagnostic tools. At the heart of these solutions lies plasmonic nanoparticles which exhibit unique optical properties which are attractive for label-free and labelled biosensors.Firstly, we improve the stability and applicability of label-free …

Vascular Implications Of Covid-19: Role Of Radiological Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, And Tissue Characterization: A Special Report., Narendra N Khanna, Mahesh Maindarkar, Anudeep Puvvula, Sudip Paul, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Puneet Ahluwalia, Zoltan Ruzsa, Aditya Sharma, Smiksha Munjral, Raghu Kolluri, Padukone R Krishnan, Inder M Singh, John R Laird, Mostafa Fatemi, Azra Alizad, Surinder K Dhanjil, Luca Saba, Antonella Balestrieri, Gavino Faa, Kosmas I Paraskevas, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, Aman Sharma, Jagjit Teji, Mustafa Al-Maini, Andrew Nicolaides, Vijay Rathore, Subbaram Naidu, Kiera Liblik, Amer M Johri, Monika Turk, David W Sobel, Gyan Pareek, Martin Miner, Klaudija Viskovic, George Tsoulfas, Athanasios D Protogerou, Sophie Mavrogeni, George D Kitas, Mostafa M Fouda, Manudeep K Kalra, Jasjit S Suri

Heart and Vascular Articles

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a pandemic, infecting nearly 80 million people worldwide, with mortality exceeding six million. The average survival span is just 14 days from the time the symptoms become aggressive. The present study delineates the deep-driven vascular damage in the pulmonary, renal, coronary, and carotid vessels due to SARS-CoV-2. This special report addresses an important gap in the literature in understanding (i) the pathophysiology of vascular damage and the role of medical imaging in the visualization of the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, and (ii) further understanding the severity of COVID-19 using artificial intelligence (AI)-based tissue characterization (TC). …

Intrinsic Cardiac Effects Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 In Coronavirus Disease 2019, Brittany Danielle Brumback

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Cardiac arrhythmias, particularly ventricular arrhythmias, can be life-threatening and caused by both congenital genetic mutations and acquired cardiac injury. My thesis work was originally focused on delineating the effects of genetic mutation-driven dysregulation of a protein called Hey2 in Brugada Syndrome, a complex disease characterized by a predisposition to dangerous arrhythmias originating in the right ventricular outflow tract. In response to the pandemic, my thesis work shifted toward understanding the mechanisms of cardiovascular injury in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with serious cardiovascular complications, including ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death as well as endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathies. …

Rotavirus Strain Trends In United States, 2009-2016: Results From The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (Nrsss)., Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Jose Jaimes, Charity Perkins, M Leanne Ward, Mathew D. Esona, Rashi Gautam, Jamie Lewis, Michele Sturgeon, Junaid Panjwani, Gail A. Bloom, Steve Miller, Erik Reisdorf, Ann Marie Riley, Morgan A. Pence, James Dunn, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Robert C. Jerris, Dona Degroat, Umesh D. Parashar, Margaret M. Cortese, Michael D. Bowen

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009-2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009-2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and …

Relevance Of Medullary Vein Sign In Neurosarcoidosis, Richard Liberio, Emily Kramer, Anza B. Memon, Ryan Reinbeau, Parissa Feizi, Joe Joseph, Janet Wu, Shitiz Sriwastava

Neurology Articles

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system involvement is uncommon in patients with sarcoidosis. It remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, as there is a broad differential diagnosis that matches the presenting neurological signs. Often, the imaging findings also overlap with other disease entities. One understudied finding in patients with neurosarcoidosis is the presence of medullary vein engorgement on SWI imaging, termed the "medullary vein sign", which has been postulated to be a specific sign for neurosarcoidosis. This study aims to provide an understanding of the diagnostic potential of the medullary vein sign.

METHODS: Thirty-two patients who presented with neurologic signs concerning for …

Relevance Of Medullary Vein Sign In Neurosarcoidosis, Richard Liberio, Emily Kramer, Anza B Memon, Ryan Reinbeau, Parissa Feizi, Joe Joseph, Janet Wu, Shitiz Sriwastava

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system involvement is uncommon in patients with sarcoidosis. It remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, as there is a broad differential diagnosis that matches the presenting neurological signs. Often, the imaging findings also overlap with other disease entities. One understudied finding in patients with neurosarcoidosis is the presence of medullary vein engorgement on SWI imaging, termed the "medullary vein sign", which has been postulated to be a specific sign for neurosarcoidosis. This study aims to provide an understanding of the diagnostic potential of the medullary vein sign.

METHODS: Thirty-two patients who presented with neurologic signs concerning for …

Covad Survey 2 Long-Term Outcomes: Unmet Need And Protocol, Zoha Zahid Fazal, Parikshit Sen, Mrudula Joshi, Naveen Ravichandran, James B. Lilleker, Vishwesh Agarwal, Sinan Kardes, Minchul Kim, Jessica Day, Ashima Makol

Medical College Documents

Vaccine hesitancy is considered a major barrier to achieving herd immunity against COVID-19. While multiple alternative and synergistic approaches including heterologous vaccination, booster doses, and antiviral drugs have been developed, equitable vaccine uptake remains the foremost strategy to manage pandemic. Although none of the currently approved vaccines are live-attenuated, several reports of disease flares, waning protection, and acute-onset syndromes have emerged as short-term adverse events after vaccination. Hence, scientific literature falls short when discussing potential long-term effects in vulnerable cohorts. The COVAD-2 survey follows on from the baseline COVAD-1 survey with the aim to collect patient-reported data on the long-term …

Prevalence Of Mortality Among Covid-19 Patients In Kurdistan Region And Various Parts Of The World And The Role Of Ecological And Environmental Factors In Shaping Sars-Cov-2 Virulence, Muayad A. Mahmud

Polytechnic Journal

Evolutionary theories predict that virulence (host death due to a pathogen) positively associates with the pathogen transmission rates to new susceptible hosts. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, like other RNA viruses, has quite variable genetic content due to its unique nucleus enzymes thus mutations can continuously occur during viral replications. Phenotype variations among new viral progeny can include individuals with different replication rates, infectivity, stability in the abiotic environment, and transmission rate. Here, the rate of transmission to new susceptible hosts may be affected by the pathogen’s vitality …

Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity Of Pistacia Atlantica Subsp. Kurdica Oil Gum Extract From Halabja Province/ Kurdistan Region Of Iraq, Hassan H. Hama Amin, Peshawa Y. Aziz, Shokhan H. Azeez

Polytechnic Journal

The Pistica atlantica subsp. kurdica, or Ghazwan in Kurdish, which is widely distributed in Kurdistan region, Northern Iraq, is a native plant of this region and the major source of a Kurdish gum. This study investigates the antibacterial and antifungal effect of essential oil extracted from the gum. The gum was collected in June-July 2019 from the region of Halabja, a city in the north of Iraq. Essential oil was extracted by using hydro distillation method; the antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion test and the inhibition zone (in mm) was determined against six selected bacterial strains which …