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2022

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Articles 241 - 270 of 370

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Feminism And Intersectionality: Black Feminist Studies And The Perspectives Of Jennifer C. Nash, Goutam Karmakar Feb 2022

Feminism And Intersectionality: Black Feminist Studies And The Perspectives Of Jennifer C. Nash, Goutam Karmakar

Journal of International Women's Studies

This in-depth conversation with Jennifer Christine Nash, the Jean Fox O’Barr Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies at Duke University, USA, aims to illuminate the complexities of intersectionality in feminist discourse. This interview focuses on Nash’s work and perspectives on intersectionality in relation to gender, class, race, sexuality, and hierarchies of power and privilege. This interview discusses precarity, vulnerability, and intersectionality in black feminist discourse, as well as the marginalisation of black women’s heterogeneity, the politics of reading associated with intersectionality, and the relationship between temporality and intersectionality. Additionally, this conversation discusses Nash’s monograph, Black Feminism Reimagined (2019), post-intersectionality …

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Health Issues Of Mothers In Assam:An Analytical Assessment Of National Family Health Surveys, Abdur Rashid Ahmed Feb 2022

Health Issues Of Mothers In Assam:An Analytical Assessment Of National Family Health Surveys, Abdur Rashid Ahmed

Journal of International Women's Studies

Maternal mortality is one of the most serious public health concerns around the globe especially in developing countries like India. WHO estimated that almost 40% of pregnant women and 42% of children less than 5 years of age are anaemic globally and one-third of all women of reproductive age is also anaemic, and around half of maternal deaths in the world occur due only to anaemia. But the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in India has marginally declined as reported by the latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Using secondary data provided by NFHS, the study reveals that the …

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Overview Of The Mosaic Expedition: Snow And Sea Ice, Marcel Nicolaus, Donald K. Perovich, Gunnar Spreen, Mats A. Granskog, Luisa Von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, Philipp Anhaus, Stefanie Arndt, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Gerit Birnbaum, Jörg Brauchle, Radiance Calmer, Estel Cardellach, Bin Cheng, David Clemens-Sewall, Ruzica Dadic, Ellen Damm, Gijs De Boer, Oguz Demir, Klaus Dethloff, Dmitry V. Divine, Allison A. Fong, Steven Fons, Markus M. Frey, Niels Fuchs, Carolina Gabarró, Sebastian Gerland, Helge F. Goessling, Rolf Gradinger, Jari Haapala, Christian Haas, Jonathan Hamilton, Henna Reetta Hannula, Stefan Hendricks, Andreas Herber Feb 2022

Overview Of The Mosaic Expedition: Snow And Sea Ice, Marcel Nicolaus, Donald K. Perovich, Gunnar Spreen, Mats A. Granskog, Luisa Von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, Philipp Anhaus, Stefanie Arndt, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Gerit Birnbaum, Jörg Brauchle, Radiance Calmer, Estel Cardellach, Bin Cheng, David Clemens-Sewall, Ruzica Dadic, Ellen Damm, Gijs De Boer, Oguz Demir, Klaus Dethloff, Dmitry V. Divine, Allison A. Fong, Steven Fons, Markus M. Frey, Niels Fuchs, Carolina Gabarró, Sebastian Gerland, Helge F. Goessling, Rolf Gradinger, Jari Haapala, Christian Haas, Jonathan Hamilton, Henna Reetta Hannula, Stefan Hendricks, Andreas Herber

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into the interdisciplinary design of the 5 MOSAiC teams, studying the atmosphere, the sea ice, the ocean, the ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes. The overall aim of the snow and sea ice observations during MOSAiC was to characterize the physical properties …

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Overview Of The Mosaic Expedition: Snow And Sea Ice, Marcel Nicolaus, Donald K. Perovich, Gunnar Spreen, Mats A. Granskog, Luisa Von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, Philipp Anhaus, Stefanie Arndt, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Gerit Birnbaum, Jörg Brauchle, Radiance Calmer, Estel Cardellach, Bin Cheng, David Clemens-Sewall, Ruzica Dadic, Ellen Damm, Gijs De Boer, Oguz Demir, Klaus Dethloff, Dmitry V. Divine, Tim Stanton, For Full Author List, See Comments Below Feb 2022

Overview Of The Mosaic Expedition: Snow And Sea Ice, Marcel Nicolaus, Donald K. Perovich, Gunnar Spreen, Mats A. Granskog, Luisa Von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, Philipp Anhaus, Stefanie Arndt, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Gerit Birnbaum, Jörg Brauchle, Radiance Calmer, Estel Cardellach, Bin Cheng, David Clemens-Sewall, Ruzica Dadic, Ellen Damm, Gijs De Boer, Oguz Demir, Klaus Dethloff, Dmitry V. Divine, Tim Stanton, For Full Author List, See Comments Below

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into the interdisciplinary design of the 5 MOSAiC teams, studying the atmosphere, the sea ice, the ocean, the ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes. The overall aim of the snow and sea ice observations during MOSAiC was to characterize the physical properties …

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Optimizing Management Of Invasions In An Uncertain World Using Dynamic Spatial Models, Kim M. Pepin, Amy J. Davis, Rebecca S. Epanchin-Niell, Andrew M. Gormley, Joslin L. Moore, Timothy J. Smyser, H. Bradley Shaffer, William L. Kendall, Katriona Shea, Michael C. Runge, Sophie Mckee Feb 2022

Optimizing Management Of Invasions In An Uncertain World Using Dynamic Spatial Models, Kim M. Pepin, Amy J. Davis, Rebecca S. Epanchin-Niell, Andrew M. Gormley, Joslin L. Moore, Timothy J. Smyser, H. Bradley Shaffer, William L. Kendall, Katriona Shea, Michael C. Runge, Sophie Mckee

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Dispersal drives invasion dynamics of nonnative species and pathogens. Applying knowledge of dispersal to optimize the management of invasions can mean the difference between a failed and a successful control program and dramatically improve the return on investment of control efforts. A common approach to identifying optimal management solutions for invasions is to optimize dynamic spatial models that incorporate dispersal. Optimizing these spatial models can be very challenging because the interaction of time, space, and uncertainty rapidly amplifies the number of dimensions being considered. Addressing such problems requires advances in and the integration of techniques from multiple fields, including ecology, …

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Ranking The Biases: The Choice Of Otus Vs. Asvs In 16s Rrna Amplicon Data Analysis Has Stronger Effects On Diversity Measures Than Rarefaction And Otu Identity Threshold, Marlène Chiarello, Mark Mccauley, Sébastien Villéger, Colin R. Jackson Feb 2022

Ranking The Biases: The Choice Of Otus Vs. Asvs In 16s Rrna Amplicon Data Analysis Has Stronger Effects On Diversity Measures Than Rarefaction And Otu Identity Threshold, Marlène Chiarello, Mark Mccauley, Sébastien Villéger, Colin R. Jackson

Faculty and Student Publications

Advances in the analysis of amplicon sequence datasets have introduced a methodological shift in how research teams investigate microbial biodiversity, away from sequence identity-based clustering (producing Operational Taxonomic Units, OTUs) to denoising methods (producing amplicon sequence variants, ASVs). While denoising methods have several inherent properties that make them desirable compared to clustering-based methods, questions remain as to the influence that these pipelines have on the ecological patterns being assessed, especially when compared to other methodological choices made when processing data (e.g. rarefaction) and computing diversity indices. We compared the respective influences of two widely used methods, namely DADA2 (a denoising …

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Spatiotemporal Patterns In The Biomass Of Drift Macroalgae In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, United States, Lauren M. Hall, Lori J. Morris, Robert H. Chamberlain, M. Dennis Hanisak, Robert W. Virnstein, Richard Paperno, Bernhard Riegl, L. Rex Ellis, Ali Simpson, Charles A. Jacoby Feb 2022

Spatiotemporal Patterns In The Biomass Of Drift Macroalgae In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, United States, Lauren M. Hall, Lori J. Morris, Robert H. Chamberlain, M. Dennis Hanisak, Robert W. Virnstein, Richard Paperno, Bernhard Riegl, L. Rex Ellis, Ali Simpson, Charles A. Jacoby

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Drift macroalgae plays key roles in the ecology of many coastal systems, including the Indian River Lagoon. In the lagoon, changes in the biomass of drift macroalgae may have interacted with an unprecedented bloom of phytoplankton in 2011. Patterns in the biomass of drift macroalgae were identified using new and original analyses of data from several sampling programs collected between 1997 and 2019. All available data show a relatively low biomass of drift macroalgae in 2010–2012, and surveys of fixed transects and seining as part of a fisheries independent monitoring program also recorded low biomass in 2016. Low light availability …

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A Narrative Review Of The Evidence For Variations In Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Thresholds For Optimal Health, William B. Grant, Fatme Al Anouti, Barbara J. Boucher, Erdinç Dursun, Duygu Gezen-Ak, Edward B. Jude, Tatiana Karonova, Pawel Pludowski Feb 2022

A Narrative Review Of The Evidence For Variations In Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Thresholds For Optimal Health, William B. Grant, Fatme Al Anouti, Barbara J. Boucher, Erdinç Dursun, Duygu Gezen-Ak, Edward B. Jude, Tatiana Karonova, Pawel Pludowski

All Works

Vitamin D3 has many important health benefits. Unfortunately, these benefits are not widely known among health care personnel and the general public. As a result, most of the world’s population has serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations far below optimal values. This narrative review examines the evidence for the major causes of death including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19 with regard to sub-optimal 25(OH)D concentrations. Evidence for the beneficial effects comes from a variety of approaches including ecological and observational studies, studies of mechanisms, and Mendelian randomization studies. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generally considered …

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Emphasizing The Link Between Blood Types In Multi-Ethnic Disparities And Covid-19 Infection In Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. Noureldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah, Mohammad A. Althubiti Feb 2022

Emphasizing The Link Between Blood Types In Multi-Ethnic Disparities And Covid-19 Infection In Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. Noureldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah, Mohammad A. Althubiti

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To analyze the impact and distribution of blood groups in different ethnicities and the extent of susceptibility to infection with COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of different blood types and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out between November 2020 and June 2021 in the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Blood group (A, B, and O) distributions in 2,617 COVID-19 patients with local …

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Lianas Significantly Reduce Aboveground And Belowground Carbon Storage: A Virtual Removal Experiment, Sergio Estrada-Villegas, Sara Sofia Pedraza Navaez, Adriana Sanchez, Stefan A. Schnitzer Feb 2022

Lianas Significantly Reduce Aboveground And Belowground Carbon Storage: A Virtual Removal Experiment, Sergio Estrada-Villegas, Sara Sofia Pedraza Navaez, Adriana Sanchez, Stefan A. Schnitzer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Lianas are a quintessential tropical plant growth-form; they are speciose and abundant in tropical forests worldwide. Lianas compete intensely with trees, reducing nearly all aspects of tree performance. However, the negative effects of lianas on trees have never been combined and quantified for multiple tropical forests. Here, we present the first comprehensive standardized quantification of the effect of lianas on trees across tropical forests worldwide. We used data from 50 liana removal experiments and quantified the effect size of lianas on tree growth, biomass accretion, reproduction, mortality, leaf water potential, sap flow velocity, and leaf area index (LAI) across different …

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Research Agenda For Healthcare Epidemiology, Lona Mody, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al Feb 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Research Agenda For Healthcare Epidemiology, Lona Mody, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al

Open Access Publications

This SHEA white paper identifies knowledge gaps and challenges in healthcare epidemiology research related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on core principles of healthcare epidemiology. These gaps, revealed during the worst phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, are described in 10 sections: epidemiology, outbreak investigation, surveillance, isolation precaution practices, personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental contamination and disinfection, drug and supply shortages, antimicrobial stewardship, healthcare personnel (HCP) occupational safety, and return to work policies. Each section highlights three critical healthcare epidemiology research questions with detailed description provided in supplementary materials. This research agenda calls for translational studies from laboratory-based …

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Challenges And Opportunities In The Care Of Chronic Subdural Haematoma: Perspectives From A Multi-Disciplinary Working Group On The Need For Change, Dj Stubbs, B Davies, P Hutchinson, Dk Menon, Th Bashford, E Edlmann, A Bateman, P Braude, R Burnstein, S Camp, G Carr, Pj Clarkson, J Coles, J Dhesi, J Dinsmore, M Dixon-Woods, A Ercole, N Evans, A Figaji, S Griffin, P Grundy, P Hartley, A Joannides, A Kolias, F Lecky, P May, I Moppett, S Morris, M Nathanson, J Outtrim, N Owen, N Phillips, T Quinn, S Ralhan, D Sapsford, Djh Shipway, C Skitterall, M Smith, M Swart, W Thomas, K Walton, N Wareham, P Whitfield, Sr Wilson, M Vindlacheruvu Jan 2022

Challenges And Opportunities In The Care Of Chronic Subdural Haematoma: Perspectives From A Multi-Disciplinary Working Group On The Need For Change, Dj Stubbs, B Davies, P Hutchinson, Dk Menon, Th Bashford, E Edlmann, A Bateman, P Braude, R Burnstein, S Camp, G Carr, Pj Clarkson, J Coles, J Dhesi, J Dinsmore, M Dixon-Woods, A Ercole, N Evans, A Figaji, S Griffin, P Grundy, P Hartley, A Joannides, A Kolias, F Lecky, P May, I Moppett, S Morris, M Nathanson, J Outtrim, N Owen, N Phillips, T Quinn, S Ralhan, D Sapsford, Djh Shipway, C Skitterall, M Smith, M Swart, W Thomas, K Walton, N Wareham, P Whitfield, Sr Wilson, M Vindlacheruvu

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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The Emergence Of Covid-19 Associated Mucormycosis: A Review Of Cases From 18 Countries, Martin Hoenigl, Danila Seidel, Agostinho Carvalho, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Amir Arastehfar, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Nosheen Nasir, Alexandro Bonifaz, Javier Araiza, Nikolai Klimko Jan 2022

The Emergence Of Covid-19 Associated Mucormycosis: A Review Of Cases From 18 Countries, Martin Hoenigl, Danila Seidel, Agostinho Carvalho, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Amir Arastehfar, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Nosheen Nasir, Alexandro Bonifaz, Javier Araiza, Nikolai Klimko

Department of Medicine

Reports of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis have been increasing in frequency since early 2021, particularly among patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Patients with diabetes and hyperglycaemia often have an inflammatory state that could be potentiated by the activation of antiviral immunity to SARS-CoV2, which might favour secondary infections. In this Review, we analysed 80 published and unpublished cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Uncontrolled diabetes, as well as systemic corticosteroid treatment, were present in most patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, and rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis was the most frequent disease. Mortality was high at 49%, which was particularly due to patients with pulmonary or disseminated mucormycosis or …

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Macromolecular Composition And Substrate Range Of Three Marine Fungi Across Major Cell Types, Seth Thomas, Sabine K. Lengger, Kimberley E. Bird, Ro Allen, Michael Cunliffe Jan 2022

Macromolecular Composition And Substrate Range Of Three Marine Fungi Across Major Cell Types, Seth Thomas, Sabine K. Lengger, Kimberley E. Bird, Ro Allen, Michael Cunliffe

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Abstract Marine fungi exist as three major cell types: unicellular yeasts, filamentous hyphae and zoosporic early-diverging forms, such as the Chytridiomycota (chytrids). To begin to understand the ecological and biogeochemical influence of these cell types within the wider context of other plankton groups, cell size and macromolecular composition must be assessed across all three cell types. Using a mass–balance approach to culture, we describe quantitative differences in substrate uptake and subsequent macromolecular distribution in three model marine fungi: the yeast Metschnikowia zobellii, the filamentous Epicoccum nigrum and chytrid Rhizophydium littoreum. We compared these model cell types with select oleaginous phytoplankton …

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Factors Associated With Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Cesarean Delivery Among Women With Low-Risk Pregnancies At New York City Hospitals, 2012-2017, Ellen Brazier Jan 2022

Factors Associated With Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Cesarean Delivery Among Women With Low-Risk Pregnancies At New York City Hospitals, 2012-2017, Ellen Brazier

Dissertations and Theses

BACKGROUND: While Cesarean delivery is a life-saving procedure when certain complications arise, it is associated with increased risks of maternal mortality and morbidity, as well as neonatal and childhood morbidities, and increased risks for women during subsequent pregnancies. Stark and persistent racial/ethnic disparities in Cesarean delivery that are not explained by clinical risks raise concerns about overuse of the procedure, as well as the contribution of potentially avoidable Cesareans to disparities in maternal mortality and morbidity. Understanding the extent to which disparities in Cesarean delivery may be attributable to differences in care during labor is critical for addressing these disparities. …

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Spatial Personalities: A Meta-Analysis Of Consistent Individual Differences In Spatial Behavior, Erica F. Stuber, Ben S. Carlson, Brett R. Jesmer Jan 2022

Spatial Personalities: A Meta-Analysis Of Consistent Individual Differences In Spatial Behavior, Erica F. Stuber, Ben S. Carlson, Brett R. Jesmer

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Individual variation in behavior, particularly consistent among-individual differences (i.e., personality), has important ecological and evolutionary implications for population and community dynamics, trait divergence, and patterns of speciation. Nevertheless, individual variation in spatial behaviors, such as home range behavior, movement characteristics, or habitat use has yet to be incorporated into the concepts or methodologies of ecology and evolutionary biology. To evaluate evidence for the existence of consistent among-individual differences in spatial behavior – which we refer to as “spatial personality” – we performed a meta-analysis of 200 repeatability estimates of home range size, movement metrics, and habitat use. We found that …

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Non‐Lethal Sampling For The Stable Isotope Analysis Of The Critically Endangered European Eel Anguilla Anguilla : How Fin And Mucus Compare To Dorsal Muscle, Rm Boardman, Ac Pinder, At Piper, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Rm Wright, Jr Britton Jan 2022

Non‐Lethal Sampling For The Stable Isotope Analysis Of The Critically Endangered European Eel Anguilla Anguilla : How Fin And Mucus Compare To Dorsal Muscle, Rm Boardman, Ac Pinder, At Piper, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Rm Wright, Jr Britton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Ecological studies on the critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla often incorporate stable isotope analysis that typically uses dorsal muscle sampled from euthanised eels. To minimise the lethal sampling of imperilled populations, fin tissue and/or epidermal mucus can provide non-lethal alternatives to muscle. The results here indicate that δ13 C and δ15 N values of both eel fin and mucus are not significantly different from those of muscle and can be applied directly in comparative SI studies.

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Forb Counts In Grassland Are Sensitive To Analytical Method, Gene A. Fults Jan 2022

Forb Counts In Grassland Are Sensitive To Analytical Method, Gene A. Fults

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An analysis of forbs from 9 years of Plant Census protocol (NRI 2019) is compared to data from the Line Point Intercept (LPI) protocol. Both protocols were conducted on the same geospatially separate macroplots (N=1230). The macroplots locations were stratified by NRI based on a land hierarchy which has had long-term use in the United States (Salley etal 2015). This ties vegetation and land together in the data. The analysis showed that the 15-minute plant census method increased forb species data by 29 percent over the LPI method which takes 40-60 minutes. Both methods captured similar total ratios and rank …

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Current Methods And Future Directions In Avian Diet Analysis, Brandon D. Hoenig, Allison M. Snider, Anna M. Forsman, Keith A. Hobson, Steven C. Latta, Eliot T. Miller, Michael J. Polito, Luke L. Powell, Samantha L. Rogers, Thomas W. Sherry, David P.L. Toews, Andreanna J. Welch, Sabrina S. Taylor, Brady A. Porter Jan 2022

Current Methods And Future Directions In Avian Diet Analysis, Brandon D. Hoenig, Allison M. Snider, Anna M. Forsman, Keith A. Hobson, Steven C. Latta, Eliot T. Miller, Michael J. Polito, Luke L. Powell, Samantha L. Rogers, Thomas W. Sherry, David P.L. Toews, Andreanna J. Welch, Sabrina S. Taylor, Brady A. Porter

Faculty Publications

Identifying the composition of avian diets is a critical step in characterizing the roles of birds within ecosystems. However, because birds are a diverse taxonomic group with equally diverse dietary habits, gaining an accurate and thorough understanding of avian diet can be difficult. In addition to overcoming the inherent difficulties of studying birds, the field is advancing rapidly, and researchers are challenged with a myriad of methods to study avian diet, a task that has only become more difficult with the introduction of laboratory techniques to dietary studies. Because methodology drives inference, it is important that researchers are aware of …

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Characterizing Invasiveness Through A Descriptive Study Of Guinea Grass (Megathyrsus Maximus) Growing In Three Habitat Types And Differing Herbivore Assemblages In Both Kenya And Texas, A. C. Rhodes, R. M. Plowes, D. J. Martins, I. Ng'iru, L. E. Gilbert Jan 2022

Characterizing Invasiveness Through A Descriptive Study Of Guinea Grass (Megathyrsus Maximus) Growing In Three Habitat Types And Differing Herbivore Assemblages In Both Kenya And Texas, A. C. Rhodes, R. M. Plowes, D. J. Martins, I. Ng'iru, L. E. Gilbert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum) is an important pasture grass that has been introduced pantropically, yet in many cases has escaped cultivation and is invading native rangelands – threatening biodiversity at multiple trophic levels. An increasing challenge of rangeland management is balancing the importance of pasture grasses with their negative impact on ecosystem processes. Given this challenge, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that underlie grass invasion. In this descriptive study, our objective was to assess the ecological stress release hypothesis by comparing the relative abundance and functional traits of Guinea grass in Kenya's home …

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An Integrated Framework To Study Ecological Tipping Points In Social-Ecological Systems, F. A. Männer, L.-M. Schwarz, D. A. Menestrey-Schwieger, V. Amputu, M. C. Bilton, K. Brinkmann, G. Dressler, N. Hamunyela, H. Heita, S. Heshmati, S. Liehr, M. Mbidzo, F. Munyebvu-Chambara, W. C. Nesongano, M. Rauchecker, A. Sandhage-Hofmann, K. Tielbörger, K. Zimmer, A. Linstädter Jan 2022

An Integrated Framework To Study Ecological Tipping Points In Social-Ecological Systems, F. A. Männer, L.-M. Schwarz, D. A. Menestrey-Schwieger, V. Amputu, M. C. Bilton, K. Brinkmann, G. Dressler, N. Hamunyela, H. Heita, S. Heshmati, S. Liehr, M. Mbidzo, F. Munyebvu-Chambara, W. C. Nesongano, M. Rauchecker, A. Sandhage-Hofmann, K. Tielbörger, K. Zimmer, A. Linstädter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sudden regime shifts or tipping points pose a major threat to various ecosystems and people's livelihoods worldwide. However, tipping points are still hard to predict and often occur without warning. To avoid dramatic social-ecological consequences, it is crucial to understand tipping point behaviour and to identify early warning indicators. Previous studies have hardly implemented an integrated social-ecological approach, which has led to a fragmented understanding and oversimplification of tipping point phenomena. Against this background, we present a systemic research framework that harmonizes ecological and social perspectives to gain a mechanistic understanding of tipping point behaviour. We utilize a social-ecological systems …

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Allometric Relationships Of Ecologically Important Antarctic And Arctic Zooplankton And Fish Species, Fokje L. Schaafsma, Carmen L. David, Doreen Kohlbach, Julia Ehrlich, Giulia Castellani, Benjamin A. Lange, Martina Vortkamp, André Meijboom, Anna Fortuna-Wünsch, Antonia Immerz, Hannelore Cantzler, Apasiri Klasmeier, Nadezhda Zakharova, Katrin Schmidt, Anton P. Van De Putte, Jan Andries Van Franeker, Hauke Flores Jan 2022

Allometric Relationships Of Ecologically Important Antarctic And Arctic Zooplankton And Fish Species, Fokje L. Schaafsma, Carmen L. David, Doreen Kohlbach, Julia Ehrlich, Giulia Castellani, Benjamin A. Lange, Martina Vortkamp, André Meijboom, Anna Fortuna-Wünsch, Antonia Immerz, Hannelore Cantzler, Apasiri Klasmeier, Nadezhda Zakharova, Katrin Schmidt, Anton P. Van De Putte, Jan Andries Van Franeker, Hauke Flores

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Allometric relationships between body properties of animals are useful for a wide variety of purposes, such as estimation of biomass, growth, population structure, bioenergetic modelling and carbon flux studies. This study summarizes allometric relationships of zooplankton and nekton species that play major roles in polar marine food webs. Measurements were performed on 639 individuals of 15 species sampled during three expeditions in the Southern Ocean (winter and summer) and 2374 individuals of 14 species sampled during three expeditions in the Arctic Ocean (spring and summer). The information provided by this study fills current knowledge gaps on relationships between length and …

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Chronic Background Radiation Correlates With Sperm Swimming Endurance In Bank Voles From Chernobyl, Kati Kivisaari, Sara Calhim, Zbyszek Boratyríski, Timothy Mousseau, Anders P. Møller, Tapio Mappes Jan 2022

Chronic Background Radiation Correlates With Sperm Swimming Endurance In Bank Voles From Chernobyl, Kati Kivisaari, Sara Calhim, Zbyszek Boratyríski, Timothy Mousseau, Anders P. Møller, Tapio Mappes

Faculty Publications

Sperm quantity and quality are key features explaining intra- and interspecific variation in male reproductive success. Spermatogenesis is sensitive to ionizing radiation and laboratory studies investigating acute effects of ionizing radiation have indeed found negative effects of radiation on sperm quantity and quality. In nature, levels of natural background radiation vary dramatically, and chronic effects of low-level background radiation exposure on spermatogenesis are poorly understood. The Chernobyl region offers a unique research opportunity for investigating effects of chronic low-level ionizing radiation on reproductive properties of wild organisms. We captured male bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from 24 locations in the Chernobyl …

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Volume 4, Chapter 1-20: Aquatic And Wet Marchantiophyta, Class Marchantiopsida: Conocephalaceae, Part 1, Janice M. Glime Jan 2022

Volume 4, Chapter 1-20: Aquatic And Wet Marchantiophyta, Class Marchantiopsida: Conocephalaceae, Part 1, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

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Volume 4, Chapter 18-5: Caves - Caverns, Janice M. Glime Jan 2022

Volume 4, Chapter 18-5: Caves - Caverns, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

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An Investigation In The Mobilization Of Syringe Exchange Programs, Gina K. Carter, Emma Kroll, Gina Rae Mcclanahan, Rachel E. Rolf Jan 2022

An Investigation In The Mobilization Of Syringe Exchange Programs, Gina K. Carter, Emma Kroll, Gina Rae Mcclanahan, Rachel E. Rolf

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Injection drug use along with the opioid epidemic have contributed to many problems facing communities locally and nationally. Preventative and harm reduction measures are important for individual and public health due to the adverse outcomes of injection drug use such as increased transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus, as well as increased rates of opioid overdose (CDC, 2019; Strain, 2021). One preventative approach, syringe exchange programs (SEPs), have been shown to reduce the amount of contaminated needles and rate of infections while increasing access to additional resources and likelihood to attend a treatment program (Hagan et …

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Remotely Detected Aboveground Plant Function Predicts Belowground Processes In Two Prairie Diversity Experiments, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Anna K. Schweiger, John Gamon, Hamed Gholizadeh, Kimberly Helzer, Cathleen Lapadat, Michael D. Madritch, Philip A. Townsend, Zhihui Wang, Sarah E. Hobbie Jan 2022

Remotely Detected Aboveground Plant Function Predicts Belowground Processes In Two Prairie Diversity Experiments, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Anna K. Schweiger, John Gamon, Hamed Gholizadeh, Kimberly Helzer, Cathleen Lapadat, Michael D. Madritch, Philip A. Townsend, Zhihui Wang, Sarah E. Hobbie

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Imaging spectroscopy provides the opportunity to incorporate leaf and canopy optical data into ecological studies, but the extent to which remote sensing of vegetation can enhance the study of belowground processes is not well understood. In terrestrial systems, aboveground and belowground vegetation quantity and quality are coupled, and both influence belowground microbial processes and nutrient cycling. We hypothesized that ecosystem productivity, and the chemical, structural and phylogenetic-functional composition of plant communities would be detectable with remote sensing and could be used to predict belowground plant and soil processes in two grassland biodiversity experiments: the BioDIV experiment at Cedar Creek Ecosystem …

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The Role Of Rare Avian Species For Spatial Resilience Of Shifting Biomes In The Great Plains Of North America, D. Angeler, C. Roberts, D. Twidwell Jr., C. Allen Jan 2022

The Role Of Rare Avian Species For Spatial Resilience Of Shifting Biomes In The Great Plains Of North America, D. Angeler, C. Roberts, D. Twidwell Jr., C. Allen

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Ontogenetic Diet Shifts On Sagittal Otolith Shape Of European Perch, Perca Fluviatilis (Actinopterygii: Percidae) From Lake Ladik, Turkey, Oğuz Çöl, Savaş Yilmaz Jan 2022

The Effect Of Ontogenetic Diet Shifts On Sagittal Otolith Shape Of European Perch, Perca Fluviatilis (Actinopterygii: Percidae) From Lake Ladik, Turkey, Oğuz Çöl, Savaş Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

European perch undergoes several ontogenetic dietary shifts during its lifetime. The present study focused on the variability in otolith shape caused by ontogenetic dietary changes in this species. A total of 172 specimens (7.5 to 27.5 cm TL) were caught by local fishermen in Lake Ladik from April to November 2019. Shape indices (SIs) and elliptic Fourier coefficients (EFCs) were calculated for each otolith. To detect ontogenetic changes in otolith shape, SIs and EFCs were compared among the three defined size classes (I, II, and III). Size-related groups were distinguished by both SIs and EFCs. Otolith shape analysis was more …

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Conceptual And Methodological Advances In Habitat-Selection Modeling: Guidelines For Ecology And Evolution, Joseph M. Northrup, Eric Vander Wal, Maegwin Bonar, John Fieberg, Michel P. Laforge, Martin Leclerc, Christina M. Prokopenko, Brian Gerber Jan 2022

Conceptual And Methodological Advances In Habitat-Selection Modeling: Guidelines For Ecology And Evolution, Joseph M. Northrup, Eric Vander Wal, Maegwin Bonar, John Fieberg, Michel P. Laforge, Martin Leclerc, Christina M. Prokopenko, Brian Gerber

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Habitat selection is a fundamental animal behavior that shapes a wide range of ecological processes, including animal movement, nutrient transfer, trophic dynamics and population distribution. Although habitat selection has been a focus of ecological studies for decades, technological, conceptual and methodological advances over the last 20 yr have led to a surge in studies addressing this process. Despite the substantial literature focused on quantifying the habitat-selection patterns of animals, there is a marked lack of guidance on best analytical practices. The conceptual foundations of the most commonly applied modeling frameworks can be confusing even to those well versed in their …

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