Digital Commons Network^™

Practical Considerations In Starting And Operating An Academic Low-Income Taxpayer Clinic, Minoj Viswanathan, Amy Spivey

Faculty Scholarship

Low-income taxpayer clinics (“LITCs”) provide legal assistance to underserved clients with active federal tax controversies, conduct educational outreach to low-income and English-as-a-second-language taxpayers, and work to ensure the fairness and integrity of the tax system. Despite the availability of IRS grant funding for LITCs and the alignment of LITC goals with the core values that underlie clinical legal education, a relatively small percentage of U.S. law schools currently operates an LITC. Moreover, many law school LITCs have closed within the past ten years, demonstrating that, even if started, academic LITCs are challenging to sustain. This Article incorporates the authors’ experiences …

Decidualization Of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Requires Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3, Vineet K Maurya, Maria M Szwarc, David M Lonard, William E Gibbons, San-Pin Wu, Bert W O'Malley, Francesco J Demayo, John P Lydon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3; also known as NCOA3 or AIB1) is a member of the multifunctional p160/SRC family of coactivators, which also includes SRC-1 and SRC-2. Clinical and cell-based studies as well as investigations on mice have demonstrated pivotal roles for each SRC in numerous physiological and pathophysiological contexts, underscoring their functional pleiotropy. We previously demonstrated the critical involvement of SRC-2 in murine embryo implantation as well as in human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization, a cellular transformation process required for trophoblast invasion and ultimately placentation. We show here that, like SRC-2, SRC-3 is expressed in the epithelial and stromal …

Sustainable Communities Or The Next Urban Renewal?, Moira O’Neill, Giulia Gualco-Nelson, Eric Biber

Faculty Scholarship

Inadequate housing supply in California’s most expensive metro areas drives a statewide housing crisis that challenges climate policy implementation, fair housing goals, and poverty reduction. Many scholars and policy makers agree that increasing dense infill transit-oriented residential development (TOD) in high-cost metro areas could address this housing crisis while also mitigating the impacts of climate change. But some advocates and scholars liken state policy that promotes TOD to twentieth century urban renewal—contending that state-incentivized TOD disproportionately displaces lower income communities. To explore this issue, and to examine the relative influence of both state law promoting TOD and local law regulating …

Punitive Surveillance, Kate Weisburd

Faculty Scholarship

Budget constraints, bipartisan desire to address mass incarceration, and the COVID-19 crisis in prisons have triggered state and federal officials to seek alternatives to incarceration. As a result, invasive electronic surveillance—such as GPS-equipped ankle monitors, smartphone tracking, and suspicionless searches of electronic devices—is often touted as a humane substitute for incarceration. This type of monitoring, which I term “punitive surveillance,” allows government officials, law enforcement, and for-profit companies to track, record, search, and analyze the location, biometric data, and other meta-data of thousands of people on probation and parole. With virtually no legal oversight or restraint, punitive surveillance deprives people …

Laws Prohibiting Vaccine Mandates: An Overview, Dorit Rubenstein Reiss

Faculty Scholarship

During the COVID-19 pandemic, for the first time, a significant minority of states passed laws limiting or outright prohibiting vaccines mandates. The laws varied greatly in what they covered, the way they addressed the issue, and their intended results. This Article provides a detailed overview of these mandate bans. Consequently, this Article demonstrates that most of the bans target potential vaccine mandates limiting access to government buildings and services—and points out that no states adopted such mandates. That said, a growing sub-set of states also adopted laws or executive orders prohibiting private actors from imposing mandates—either on customers or on …

The Barriers And Facilitators Of Hiv-Exposed Infant Testing As Perceived By Hiv-Positive Mothers In Botswana: A Qualitative Study, Grace Karugaba, Jennifer Simpson, Bathusi Mathuba, Onkemetse Phoi, Thato Regonamanye, Keofentse Mathuba, Eldah Dintwa, Bornapate Nkomo, Dinah Ramaabya, Mathabo Relebohile Pule, Mogomotsi Matshaba

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite high rates of HIV testing and enrolment of HIV-positive pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in Botswana, coverage for HIV-exposed infant (HEI) testing remains suboptimal. Many factors can contribute to suboptimal HEI testing rates, but they have seldom been thoroughly investigated in Botswana. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perspectives of HIV-positive mothers on the barriers and facilitators of HEI testing to inform interventions to promote HEI testing in Botswana.

METHODS: We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with HIV-positive mothers who gave birth in 2016 at the three largest public hospitals in Botswana. …

Opicapone In Uk Clinical Practice: Effectiveness, Safety And Cost Analysis In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Christine Schofield, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Camille Carroll, Jagdish C. Sharma, Nicola Pavese, Jonathan Evans, Thomas Foltynie, Heinz Reichmann, Laura Zurowska, Patrício Soares-Da-Silva, Andrew Lees

Peninsula Medical School

Aim: This subanalysis of the OPTIPARK study aimed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of opicapone in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations in clinical practice specifically in the UK and to assess the impact of opicapone on treatment costs. Methods: Patients received opicapone added to levodopa for 6 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months and treatment costs at 6 months. Results: Most patients' general condition improved at 3 months, with sustained improvements reported at 6 months. Opicapone improved motor and non-motor symptoms at both timepoints, was generally well tolerated and reduced total treatment costs …

Brief Opportunistic Interventions By General Practitioners To Promote Smoking Cessation: A Conversation Analytic Study, H. Wheat, R. K. Barnes, P. Aveyard, F. Stevenson, R. Begh

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Insights Into Nervous System Repair From The Fruit Fly, David Coupe, Torsten Bossing

Peninsula Medical School

Abstract Millions of people experience injury to the central nervous system (CNS) each year, many of whom are left permanently disabled, providing a challenging hurdle for the field of regenerative medicine. Repair of damage in the CNS occurs through a concerted effort of phagocytosis of debris, cell proliferation and differentiation to produce new neurons and glia, distal axon/dendrite degeneration, proximal axon/dendrite regeneration and axon re-enwrapment. In humans, regeneration is observed within the peripheral nervous system, while in the CNS injured axons exhibit limited ability to regenerate. This has also been described for the fruit fly Drosophila. Powerful genetic tools available …

“What Works” Registries Of Interventions To Improve Child And Youth Psychosocial Outcomes: A Critical Appraisal, Nick Axford, Louise Morpeth, Gretchen Bjornstad, Tim Hobbs, Vashti Berry

Peninsula Medical School

The last decade or more has seen a proliferation of online registries of evidence-based interventions designed to improve child and youth psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of these resources is typically to help decision-makers make sense of the evidence and thereby inform their decision-making about investment in interventions. Most registries are underpinned by standards of evidence, which are used to guide the rating of programs by a panel of experts. While supporters extol the influence of these initiatives in terms of making commissioners more discriminating about what they invest in, detractors contend that they stifle innovation and embody an unduly narrow …

Self-Management Intervention To Reduce Pulmonary Exacerbations By Supporting Treatment Adherence In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Cfhealthhub Study Team, Martin J. Wildman, Alicia O’Cathain, Chin Maguire, Madelynne A. Arden, Marlene Hutchings, Judy Bradley, Stephen J. Walters, Pauline Whelan, John Ainsworth, Iain Buchan, Laura Mandefield, Laura Sutton, Paul Tappenden, Rachel A. Elliott, Zhe Hui Hoo, Sarah J. Drabble, Daniel Beever, H. Cantrill, J. Nicholl, S. Michie, S. Waterhouse, L. Robinson, A. Scott, S. Antrobus, E. Lumley, A. N. Biz, D. Hind, C. Orchard

Peninsula Medical School

Introduction Recurrent pulmonary exacerbations lead to progressive lung damage in cystic fibrosis (CF). Inhaled medications (mucoactive agents and antibiotics) help prevent exacerbations, but objectively measured adherence is low. We investigated whether a multi-component (complex) self-management intervention to support adherence would reduce exacerbation rates over 12 months. Methods Between October 2017 and May 2018, adults with CF (aged ≥16 years; 19 UK centres) were randomised to the intervention (data-logging nebulisers, a digital platform and behavioural change sessions with trained clinical interventionists) or usual care (data-logging nebulisers). Outcomes included pulmonary exacerbations (primary outcome), objectively measured adherence, body mass index (BMI), lung function …

A Review Of The Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations For Managing Epilepsy In People With Autism, Lance V. Watkins, Maire O’Dwyer, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

Introduction: Autism, like other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), has a strong association with epilepsy. There are known common genetic pathways in both autism and epilepsy. There are also specific genetic syndromes associated with both complex epilepsy and the autism phenotype. Areas covered: This review explores the evidence for common genetic etiologies and pathophysiological pathways in relation to both epilepsy and autism. Autism with comorbid epilepsy are associated with a high prevalence of medical and psychiatric comorbidities. This paper discusses how this influences assessment, treatment, and outcomes. The evidence for the treatment of specific seizure types in the context of NDDs is …

Response: Radicalism And Democracy In Monetary System Reform, John Crawford

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Legal And Moral Responsibility To Protect, Karen Musalo

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

New Originalism: Arizona's Founding Progressives On Extreme Punishment, John Mills, Aliya Sternstein

Faculty Scholarship

Originalism, together with textualism, has been of growing interest to legal scholars and jurists alike. Discerning and putting forth the views of “the founders” has become part and parcel of effective advocacy, particularly regarding constitutional questions. Arizona is no exception, with its courts explicitly giving originalism primacy over all other interpretive doctrines for discerning the meaning of an ambiguous provision of its Constitution.

Yet, the Arizona state courts have not engaged with the views of the state’s founders on key issues concerning the purposes of punishment, as demonstrated by the founders’ words and deeds. Arizona was founded in 1912 as …

Covid-19 Pandemic Impact On Psychotropic Prescribing For Adults With Intellectual Disability: An Observational Study In English Specialist Community Services, D Naqvi, B Perera, S Mitchell, R Sheehan, R Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a disproportionate impact on people with intellectual disability (PwID). PwID are at higher risk of mental illness and receive psychotropic prescribing ‘off licence' also, to manage distress behaviour. The lockdown and reduction of multidisciplinary face-to-face appointments had an impact on care delivery, the recourse possibly being psychotropic prescribing. It is imperative to comprehend the influence the pandemic had on psychotropic prescribing patterns to enable future planning. Aims The aim was to understand the impact of the pandemic by comparing psychotropic prescribing patterns during the England lockdown with the prescribing patterns before lockdown in …

The House Always Wins: Doctrine And Animus In California’S Covid-19 Prison Litigation, Hadar Aviram

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.