Digital Commons Network^™

The Data Exclusivity Debate In India: Time For A Rethink?, Prashant Reddy T.

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Data exclusivity or regulatory marketing exclusivity is a concept that has been subject to much debate in the Indian context – with specific reference to the Indian pharmaceutical and agro-chemical industries. This debate has been carried on in the backdrop of obligations under the TRIPS as well as the Indo-EU Free Trade Agreement. In this paper, the author discusses the concept of data exclusivity in the light of the existing regulatory regime for pharmaceuticals and agro-chemicals in India. He also examines various Committee reports to glean the Indian stance on data exclusivity for agro-chemicals as well as pharmaceuticals and the …

Of Bollywood Songs, Film Producers And Collecting Societies: Locating The Rights Of The Composers, Poorna Mysoor

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Bollywood films are known for their songs, and in many cases Bollywood films are known because of the songs. It is not merely in Bollywood films that songs have a significant role, but also in the lives of myriad composers, lyricists, singers and so on, lending an opportunity for their creative expression in addition to serving as a means of livelihood. Ideally, it should be possible for composers to be able to earn an income by composing music for films, as well as by being a member of a collecting society in such a way as to maximize their returns. …

Renewable Energy And The Wto: The Limits Of Government Intervention, James J. Nedumpara

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

This paper examines the role of the government in designing and supporting renewable energy programs and the compatibility of such interventions with various covered agreements of the World Trade Organisation (‘WTO’). The WTO treaty does not provide a special framework for renewable energy and a number of programs are susceptible to WTO challenges and domestic trade contingency measures. Of particular interest to developing countries such as India will be the availability of necessary policy space in fostering various renewable energy programs. This paper discusses the current treaty provisions of the WTO, especially the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (‘SCM …

Rethinking Online Intermediary Liability: In Search Of The 'Baby Bear' Approach, Gavin Sutter

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

This paper examines various national approaches to the regulation of online content. Its particular focus is on the treatment and liability of the intermediary service provider in the context of data provided by third parties. It does this through a survey of the issues involved in the provision of unacceptable content, basing on this even its assessment of why the intermediary should have an appropriate role in the first place. It then moves on to how content can be regulated at this point. The argument this paper makes is that a case-specific approach offers probably the optimum solution; being not …

Limitations And Exceptions In The Digital Era, William Patry

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Ideological polarization has hijacked copyright debates, drowning out the question: how do we get our copyright laws to do what we want them to do? The term “limitations and exceptions” assumes that the ability to control all unauthorized uses is the norm. This special comment asserts that private rights should never trump public interest, and that our copyright laws must reflect this principle. Copyright law must be grounded in current technological and market conditions in order to accomplish its lofty objectives. Even as changes wrought by digital technology are at the core of most debates over copyright, there is a …

Sui Generis Protection For Plant Varieties And Traditional Knowledge In Biodiversity And Agriculture: The International Framework And National Approaches In The Philippines And India, Christoph Antons

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

The so-called ‘biotechnology clause’ of Article 27.3(b) of the WTO-TRIPS Agreement requires from member states protection for plant varieties either via the patent system or via an ‘effective sui generis system’ or by a combination of the two. Many developing countries prefer forms of sui generis protection, which allow them to include exceptions and protection measures for traditional agricultural practices and the traditional knowledge of farmers and local communities. However, ‘traditional knowledge’ remains a vaguely defined term. Its extension to biodiversity has brought a diffusion of the previously clearer link between protected subject matter, intellectual property and potential beneficiaries. The …

Jurisdictional Issues In Cyberspace, Justice S. Muralidhar

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

With the advent of the internet and the transmission of information and transacting of business across borders, a host of issues have cropped up on the legal front. This article proposes to deal with only one such major issue – that of jurisdiction of the courts to deal with intellectual property rights (IPR) disputes arising out of commercial transactions on the internet. Within the fairly broad field of IPR, the focus will be on trademark disputes, as that is one area where the major developments have taken place.

Saving The Internet, Jonathan Zittrain

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

The runaway successes of the Internet and PC with the mainstream public have put them in positions of significant stress and danger. Though the Internet’s lack of centralized structure makes it difficult to assess the sturdiness of its foundations, there are strong signals that our network and computers are subject to abuse in ways that have become deeper and more prevalent as their popularity has grown.

Data Exclusivity With Regard To Clinical Data, Animesh Sharma

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Intellectual property rights have evolved over the years with the intention of protecting novelty and innovation of ideas while creating a competitive market, at both a local and global level. The strongest tools to achieve this end have arguably been patents – protecting inventions that are novel, non-obvious and demonstrate utility. Most countries give a protection term of twenty years from the date of filing a valid submission. In the field of pharmaceuticals, foods and agrochemicals, marketing of products requires statutory clearances from the appropriate national regulatory bodies, in order to ensure that the products satisfy certain minimum criteria of …

Intellectual Property Rights And The Public Domain In The New World Order, John Frow

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

The proprietary system of intellectual property rights introduced by the TRIPS regime is premised on Western, neo-liberal notions of the nature of property. This article first highlights a number of recent changes in the global organisation of intellectual property rights. These changes indicate the international convergence of intellectual property law. The repercussions of the TRIPS regime on pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and genetic research are then examined. Finally, it stresses the importance of the idea of “common heritage” as a better way of thinking about the public domain.

Technology, Law, Freedom And Development, Yochai Benkler

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Technology interacts with social, economic and legal frameworks to set the basic ‘affordances’ and constraints of human action over time. While biotechnology and nanotechnology may portend significant upheavals in the future, the most significant present transformation revolves around computers and the emergence of the networked information economy. These new technological and economic conditions are creating new forms of production and new forms of social behaviour that are fundamentally altering the way we know the world, how we learn about how the world is and how we can make it become. It is important that we study this transformation and understand …

Awdry V. British Rail: The Politicization Of Thomas The Tank Engine, Matthew J. Bea

The Forum: Journal of History

No abstract provided.

Associations Between Cannabis, Psychosis, And Schizophrenia In Adolescents, Lauren Moment

Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research

The effects of cannabis use on the brain, mind, and body have been studied for decades. The developing brain, particularly the adolescent and young adult brain, undergoes critical development that makes it especially susceptible to the effects of cannabis use. Among the adverse effects of cannabis use in adolescence and young adulthood, psychosis and psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) have been examined. The association of cannabis use with schizophrenia was first elucidated in a Swedish study of army conscripts. Specifically, conscripts reported their cannabis use exposure and were followed longitudinally to assess the emergence of schizophrenia. The authors found that those …

From Paternalism To Superiority: Colonial Ideologies Of The New Norcia Mission, 1847-1974, Evie Levin

The Forum: Journal of History

No abstract provided.

Heritage Buildings’ Façades As Facilitators For Local Sustainable Development: The Case Of Cairo’S El Korba Area, Virginia Bassily, Toka Abufarag, Sherif Goubran

Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Board Of Pharmacy, Sarah Dahm, Steven Funk, Karen Thomas Stefano

California Regulatory Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

Veterinary Medical Board, Stella Gerson, Karen Thomas Stefano

California Regulatory Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

Faculty Senate Executive Committee, Agenda, September 19, 2022, Utah State University - Continuing Education

Faculty Senate & Faculty Senate Executive Committee

• Call to Order - John Ferguson
• Approval of Minutes
• University Business - Noelle Cockett, President | Larry Smith, Provost
• Information
  • Educational Policies Committee - September 1, 2022
• Reports
  • Educational Policies Committee Annual Report
  • Empowering Teach Excellence Annual Report
• Old Business
• New Business
• Adjourn: 4:30 pm

The Planetary Sublime Part Ii Of The Problem Of An Unloving World, Jeremy Bendik-Keymer

Faculty Scholarship

This essay interprets Dipesh Chakrabarty’s The Climate of History in a Planetary Age in light of the European tradition of thought about the sublime. The first half of the essay stages Chakrabarty’s historiography within that tradition focusing on a critical understanding of Kant. Then, the essay considers how the trace of the sublime in Chakrabarty’s approach to planetary history is interpretable as a form of social alienation. That argument draws on the critical theory of Steven Vogel and decolonial critique. Finally, the essay considers the moods of protest as non-alienated responses to the planetary bypassing the coloniality of the sublime.

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 1: We're Back: Andrews Begins First "Post-Covid" School Year, Nora Martin, Lauren Kim, Solana Campbell, Jonathon Woolford-Hunt, Lily Rodriguez, Ysabelle Fernando, Gloria Oh, Julia Randall, Lauren Butler, Alexander Navarro, Elizabeth Getahun, Gabriela Francisco, Alexander J. Hess, Amelia Stefanescu, Princella Tobias, Lexie Dunham

The Student Movement v. 107 (2022-2023)

HUMANS

Interview of NEST performer: Sandrine Adap, Interviewed by: Nora Martin

Meet Helena Hilton!, Interviewed by: Nora Martin

Meet Aya Pagunsan, AUSA President, Interviewed by: Lauren Kim

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Currently..., Solana Campbell

Film and a Fling, Jonathon Woolford-Hunt

Fleabag: Simply Human, Lily Rodriguez

Summer Rewind, Ysabelle Fernando

NEWS

Andy's Welcome Back Party, Gloria Oh

News Analysis: Gun Violence in Cities, Julia Randall

What's New? Genesis Fellowship, Lauren Butler

IDEAS

Bring Balance to the Forest, Alexander Navaro

In Rebuttal of Andrew Tate, Elizabeth Getahun

Student Loan Forgiveness, Gabriela Francisco

The Death of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II: The Right to …

Vista: September 15, 2022, University Of San Diego

USD Vista (1965-)

No abstract provided.

Functional Components Of Citrus Peel And Its Processing And Application Status, Tang Qing-Miao, Wang Lu-Feng

Food and Machinery

By overviewing the characteristic functional components of the citrus peel and its physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-bacteria and anti-inflammation, hypoglycemia and lipid-lowering, the current domestic and international situation of citrus peel processing and its applications, summarized in this review, and the technical solutions to comprehensive processing and applications in a stepwise manner, were also discussed. Finally, the future directions on the researches and applications of the citrus peel were prospected.

Opinion: Is The Privilege That Comes With A Porch Worth It?, Tori Miller

Brother Frank Ruhlman, S.M., Award of Excellence for Literary Achievement

"Where are you living this year?" It's the age old ice-breaker question that every UD student knows all too well. When anyone thinks of UD, the student neighborhood filled with colorful houses is one of the first images that pops into the mind. Porches at UD symbolize more than just a housing option; it symbolizes a lifestyle that only the people who work the hardest get to have, right?

What happens to those who work hard collecting UD's controversial PATH points only to receive their last housing choice or no house at all? Why have students been leaning more towards …

On Developmental Transformations And Neural Integration: A Literature Review, Savannah White

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

This thesis presents developmental transformations (DvT) and explores this technique’s connections with neural integration. Developmental transformations is an improvised drama therapy technique (Johnson, 2013). Neural integration is what occurs when the different parts of the brain are working together (Siegel, 2020). Domains of integration are the different parts of the mind that are attempting to work together (Siegel, 2010a). This thesis aims to demonstrate how elements and techniques of DvT may facilitate neural integration. Background in both areas is provided, then specific concepts, skills, and methods of developmental changes are connected to domains of integration. Practical applications are reviewed, and …

Widening The Lens, Capturing The Gaps: Dbt And Phototherapy, A Critical Review Of The Literature, Megan Mcelroy

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

This thesis presents a new exploration into the possibility of connecting the powers of phototherapy and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), as well as inquiring into the idea that this integration could make a positive change in the gaps that exist in the mental health care system. This inquiry is important because both are powerful, research-supported methods that help populations that have been historically overlooked in the mental health field. However, there are many populations and diagnoses that are currently still either being glazed over or not receiving the specialized, competent, and compassionate care that is required for effective treatment. I …

Montana Kaimin, September 15, 2022, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Bibliography For "Fiction Novels And Poetry By Hispanic Authors" Display, Isabella Piechota, Kalea Brown, Ruby Blakesleay

Library Displays and Bibliographies

A bibliography created to accompany a display about literature by Hispanic authors for Hispanic Heritage Month in September 2022 at the Leatherby Libraries at Chapman University.

Modulation Of Hepatic Amyloid Precursor Protein And Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 By Chronic Alcohol Intake: Potential Link Between Liver Steatosis And Amyloid-Β, Jerome Garcia, Rudy Chang, Ross A. Steinberg, Aldo Arce, Joshua Yang, Peter Van Der Eb, Tamara Abdullah, Devaraj V. Chandrashekar, Syndey M. Eck, Pablo Meza, Zhang-Xu Liu, Enrique Cadenas, David H. Cribbs, Neil Kaplowitz, Rachita K. Sumbria, Derick Han

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Heavy alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for various forms of dementia and the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this work, we investigated how intragastric alcohol feeding may alter the liver-to-brain axis to induce and/or promote AD pathology. Four weeks of intragastric alcohol feeding to mice, which causes significant fatty liver (steatosis) and liver injury, caused no changes in AD pathology markers in the brain [amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin], except for a decrease in microglial cell number in the cortex of the brain. Interestingly, the decline in microglial numbers correlated with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, suggesting …

The Effects Of Estradiol-17Β On The Sex Reversal, Survival, And Growth Of Green Sunfish Lepomis Cyanellus, Chad N. Teal, Daniel J. Schill, Susan B. Fogelson, Colby M. Roberts, Kevin Fitzsimmons, Javan M. Bauder, William T. Stewart, Scott A. Bonar

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The feminization of green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus could expand their utility as a game fish or aquacultured species by preventing overcrowding and precocious reproduction in stocked systems. Feminization of green sunfish could also help elucidate information on their sex determination system. We report the feminization of green sunfish cohorts via oral administration of estradiol-17β (E2) during early development. A low-dose (100 E2 mg per kg of diet) and a high-dose (150 E2 mg per kg of diet) experimental E2 treatment were fed to juvenile green sunfish from 30 to 90 days post-hatch. Fish were subsequently evaluated for any treatment effect …

On An Adaptation Of The Reynolds Number, Applicable To Body-Caudal-Fin Aquatic Locomotion, Roi Gurka, Asif Shahriar Nafi, Daniel Weihs

Physics and Engineering Science

The Reynolds number, which describes the relative importance of viscous and inertial contributions is commonly used to analyze forces on fish and other aquatic animals. However, this number is based on steady, time-independent conditions, while all swimming motions have a periodic component. Here we apply periodic flow conditions to define a new non-dimensional group, which we name the “Periodic Swimming Number, P”, which rectifies this lacuna. This new non-dimensional number embodies the periodic motion and eliminates the arbitrariness of choosing a length scale in the Reynolds number for Body –Caudal-Fin (BCF) swimming. We show that the new number has the …