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2021

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Can Market-Based Measures Stimulate Investments In Green Technologies For The Abatement Of Ghg Emissions From Shipping? A Review Of Proposed Market-Based Measures, Anastasia Christodoulou, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aykut Ölcer, Fabio Ballini Jan 2021

Can Market-Based Measures Stimulate Investments In Green Technologies For The Abatement Of Ghg Emissions From Shipping? A Review Of Proposed Market-Based Measures, Anastasia Christodoulou, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aykut Ölcer, Fabio Ballini

Articles

In order for the maritime sector to align itself with the targets set by the Paris Agreement, it should reduce its GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 with the ultimate aim to phase them out entirely. It is along these lines that in April 2018 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) developed a strategy, consisting of a range of potential technical and operational measures to reduce GHG emissions from international shipping, ranking from improvements on ship design to the employment of alternative fuels. In order to stimulate the adoption of these policies, the IMO also considers …

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Cr Cybermar As A Solution Path Towards Cybersecurity Soundness In Maritime Logistics Domain, Monica Canepa, Fabio Ballini, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Seyedvahid Vakili, Luis Miguel Colmenares Hernandez Jan 2021

Cr Cybermar As A Solution Path Towards Cybersecurity Soundness In Maritime Logistics Domain, Monica Canepa, Fabio Ballini, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Seyedvahid Vakili, Luis Miguel Colmenares Hernandez

Articles

Cybersecurity is now considered as one of the main challenges for the maritime sector. At the same time, the maritime transport industry remains one of the most relevant and driving sectors for the global economy in terms of both the number and operations of active companies, and infrastructure and investments, thanks to the policies pushed to attract the latter. Maritime information systems, whether on board ships or in ports, are numerous, built with standard components available on the market and in many cases designed without factoring in well the ever-growing cyber risk. Digital infrastructure has become essential in operating and …

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Repercussions Of A Weak Ocean Governance And A Non-Existent Maritime Security Policy : The Resurgence Of Piracy And Armed Robbery In The Gulf Of Mexico, Adriana Avila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Dimitrios Dalaklis Jan 2021

Repercussions Of A Weak Ocean Governance And A Non-Existent Maritime Security Policy : The Resurgence Of Piracy And Armed Robbery In The Gulf Of Mexico, Adriana Avila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Dimitrios Dalaklis

Articles

Piracy and armed robbery attacks against vessels at anchoring areas of ports in the Southern Gulf of Mexico and oil platforms located in the region have increased significantly during the last three years. Only during the first seven months of 2020, research efforts have documented 14 piratical attacks, but only 3 of them were officially reported to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) by the attacked vessel’s flag jurisdiction and not by Mexico, the State where these incidents occurred.

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Maritime Robotics And Autonomous Systems Operations : Exploring Pathways For Overcoming International Techno-Regulatory Data Barriers, Tafsir Martin Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aspasia Pastra Jan 2021

Maritime Robotics And Autonomous Systems Operations : Exploring Pathways For Overcoming International Techno-Regulatory Data Barriers, Tafsir Martin Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aspasia Pastra

Articles

The current regulatory landscape that applies to maritime service robotics, aptly termed as robotics and autonomous systems (RAS), is quite complex. When it comes to patents, there are multifarious considerations in relation to vessel survey, inspection, and maintenance processes under national and international law. Adherence is challenging, given that the traditional delivery methods are viewed as unsafe, strenuous, and laborious. Service robotics, namely micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) or drones, magnetic-wheeled crawlers (crawlers), and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), function by relying on the architecture of the Internet of Robotic Things. The aforementioned are being introduced as time-saving apparatuses, accompanied by the …

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Investigating Stopping When Studying Novel Information, Abbie Ball Jan 2021

Investigating Stopping When Studying Novel Information, Abbie Ball

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The current research aimed to further the knowledge as to why people often terminate studying of novel information early, which has been found to be detrimental to performance. It has been suggested that stopping is due to an incorrect belief in information overload, specifically that seeing a higher volume of information is harmful for performance. The current research explored stopping under multiple perspectives. This included whether it is a metacognitive mechanism, a motivational mechanism or whether it is purely a belief in information overload. Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature around stopping and study time allocation. Chapters 2-4 report 9 …

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Insoles To Ease Plantar Pressure In People With Diabetes And Peripheral Neuropathy: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Study With Embedded Qualitative Component, Richard Collings Jan 2021

Insoles To Ease Plantar Pressure In People With Diabetes And Peripheral Neuropathy: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Study With Embedded Qualitative Component, Richard Collings

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Collings, R. Insoles to ease plantar pressure in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: a feasibility randomised controlled study with embedded qualitative component. Background: Diabetic foot ulceration is a devastating complication of diabetic foot disease. Therapeutic footwear and insoles are one preventative strategy to reduce elevated plantar pressures associated with foot ulcer risk. However, their effectiveness is variable, difficult to predict and evaluated by the high-risk strategy of observing foot health and tissue integrity over time. Aim: To develop and test, in a feasibility randomised controlled trial (fRCT), an insole prescription and fabrication intervention appropriate for chairside delivery to reduce …

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The Role Of Hippo Signalling In Merlin Null Tumours Of The Nervous System, Liyam Laraba Jan 2021

The Role Of Hippo Signalling In Merlin Null Tumours Of The Nervous System, Liyam Laraba

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Meningiomas and schwannomas are mostly benign tumours of the nervous system that currently have no clinically approved treatments apart from surgical resection. The tumour suppressor Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-Like Protein (Merlin) is deleted in 50-60% and 70% of meningiomas and schwannomas respectively. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that has been shown to control tissue size by contactmediated growth inhibition. Previous studies have shown that there is aberrant nuclear activity of yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZbinding motif (TAZ), the co-transcriptional activators of the Hippo pathway in Merlinnull meningioma and schwannoma. Nuclear YAP and TAZ activate transcription, primarily by …

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Ionic Dysregulation In White Matter Damage, Christopher Bulman Jan 2021

Ionic Dysregulation In White Matter Damage, Christopher Bulman

Other Faculty of Health Theses

White matter damage can occur in a variety of neurological diseases where it contributes significantly to impairment of brain function. Dysregulation of ion gradients across membranes is a common phenomenon across many diseases and can be damaging due to increased metabolic demand, oedema and activation of destructive enzyme cascades. Breakdown of ionic gradients can occur under many circumstances. For example, loss of energy supply to ion pumps causes disruption early in stroke progression. Activation of ion channels through voltage or ligand gating contributes greatly to complications such as intracellular calcium overload in many diseases. This thesis investigated the contribution of …

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Helping People With Dementia To Eat Well At Home: An Investigation To Understand And Enhance Nutritional Care, Louise Mole Jan 2021

Helping People With Dementia To Eat Well At Home: An Investigation To Understand And Enhance Nutritional Care, Louise Mole

Other Faculty of Health Theses

In this thesis I developed a complex intervention to help people living at home with dementia to eat well, and improve nutritional care. This was achieved through four studies conducted using multiple methods. A scoping review found 61 studies reported in 63 articles after searching six databases from inception to July 2016. Content analysis was used, and the overarching categories were: ‘timely identification of nutritional risk and subsequent regular monitoring of nutritional status’, ‘multi-component tailored interventions’, and the ‘influence of the caregiving dyad on nutritional status’. Most studies were cross-sectional (n=24), cohort (n=15) or qualitative (n=9). Only three were randomised …

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‘The Agony & The Ecstasy: Managing A Chronic Pain Condition Whilst Being A Mother’, Movita Chapman-Moyle Jan 2021

‘The Agony & The Ecstasy: Managing A Chronic Pain Condition Whilst Being A Mother’, Movita Chapman-Moyle

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Persistent pain is a debilitating condition affecting more women than men, and for women in their child-rearing years this means struggling to bring up children whilst contending with an unforgiving pain condition. Existing research in this area has found increased levels of pain complaints in children of mothers with persistent pain, raising the risk of them developing some form of pain in later years. A primary aim of this research was to investigate ways attachment influences pain development in children of maternal persistent pain sufferers. Additionally, the aim was to investigate how transmission of pain behaviour, including the experience of …

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From Cancer Stem Cells To Brain Tumour Formation: The Role Of Heatr1 And Ribosome Biogenesis, Laura Rodríguez Díaz Jan 2021

From Cancer Stem Cells To Brain Tumour Formation: The Role Of Heatr1 And Ribosome Biogenesis, Laura Rodríguez Díaz

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Brain tumours are initiated by neoplastic transformation of brain cells followed by uncontrolled proliferation, and are driven by genetic mutations. Despite years of study towards increasing our understanding of their origin and development, the high recurrence rate and poor prognosis of brain tumours in general, and specially of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive type, highlight the need for more efficient therapeutic approaches. According to the Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) hypothesis, tumour initiation and relapse might be caused by a subpopulation of cells with stem cell characteristics. Loss of the Drosophila melanogaster tumour suppressor Brat or its human orthologue, TRIM3, …

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Understanding The Contribution Of Meaningful Processing To The Testing Effect, Sarah Hendry Jan 2021

Understanding The Contribution Of Meaningful Processing To The Testing Effect, Sarah Hendry

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The testing effect is an interesting phenomenon, with a wealth of support for its robustness. The basic idea is that attempting to learn something to retain over time is more fruitful when items are retrieved from memory or tested, than when items are restudied. This area of research has seen much attention in recent years, with the focus moving away from the conditions under which the effect can be found, to understanding the specific mechanisms that drive the effect. However, progress in this regard appears to be slow and contradictory. This thesis aims to address the gap in our understanding …

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The Evaluative Chameleon: The Valance Of Observed Action Outcomes Determines Automatic Imitation, Helen Sharps Jan 2021

The Evaluative Chameleon: The Valance Of Observed Action Outcomes Determines Automatic Imitation, Helen Sharps

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Humans have a tendency to imitate the actions they observe in others, a process assumed to rely on an automatic bottom-up mapping of observed action features to one’s own motor system. In contrast, imitation in children is goal-directed, aimed at achieving the same outcome as the model. This thesis examines whether such an outcome-dependence can also be observed in automatic imitation. In six experiments, participants watched an actor make movements after observing the same movements and evaluated the valence of these outcomes with either compatible or incompatible responses. Chapter 2 showed that automatic imitation depends on action outcomes and showed …

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Engaging, Enabling And Embedding Professionalism Through Scrutiny Of Practice In Healthcare, Margaret Fisher Jan 2021

Engaging, Enabling And Embedding Professionalism Through Scrutiny Of Practice In Healthcare, Margaret Fisher

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Introduction: This portfolio presents a critical synthesis of the nature and significance of a programme of research, spanning a decade of the candidate’s academic career as a dual-registered nurse and midwife. Collaborative studies exploring pre-registration assessment of practice and post-registration revalidation in healthcare and social work have made a distinct contribution to the body of knowledge, through national and international dissemination. Findings from the set of nine published works continue to influence academic and clinical contexts, while also contributing to the evidence-base informing professional policy. Aim: A conceptual framework is proposed, which seeks to advance the purpose of practice assessment …

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The Control Of Safeguarding Children Social Work: A Mixed Methods Study Of The Interaction Between Managerial And Professional Control In A Social Policy Context, Julie Brown Jan 2021

The Control Of Safeguarding Children Social Work: A Mixed Methods Study Of The Interaction Between Managerial And Professional Control In A Social Policy Context, Julie Brown

Other Faculty of Health Theses

While central government guidance has standardised children’s social work processes, social work practice remains fundamentally the application of professional knowledge in complex and unpredictable situations. Existing empirical studies have prioritised the perspective of social workers and their frustration with the changes imposed on them by central government and local management and have neglected the view of management. This mixed methods study includes content analysis of official guidance and an analysis of interviews with local authority managers and social workers. This evidence reveals both the roles and attitudes towards control, of policy makers, managers and practitioners in their exercise of control …

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Improving Visual Field Tests For Populations With Advanced Glaucoma And Visual Field Loss In The Periphery, Catherine Bain Jan 2021

Improving Visual Field Tests For Populations With Advanced Glaucoma And Visual Field Loss In The Periphery, Catherine Bain

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The visual field can extend up to 100° in the temporal visual region; however, in patients with glaucoma and other diseases that affect peripheral vision, only the central 30° of the visual field is monitored regularly in clinical practice using static perimetry. These static tests are rapid and robust against human errors due to their testing strategies. However, approximately 80% of the rest of the visual field is less regularly examined due to the length of time it takes to measure, using both static and kinetic stimuli. Currently, there is not an established automated kinetic test to measure the visual …

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Can The Value And Acceptability Of A Patient Feedback Tool For Revalidating Psychiatrists Be Improved For Both Patients And Psychiatrists Through Its Co-Production? An Action Research Approach., Rebecca Baines Jan 2021

Can The Value And Acceptability Of A Patient Feedback Tool For Revalidating Psychiatrists Be Improved For Both Patients And Psychiatrists Through Its Co-Production? An Action Research Approach., Rebecca Baines

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Background: Co-production is often suggested as an alternative approach to patient feedback design. However, critical exploration of how co-production may affect the perceived value and acceptability of a patient feedback tool is severely limited, particularly in the context of revalidation for practising psychiatrists. Aim: This research sought to address four research questions: i) how are patients and the public involved in the design, delivery and evaluation of patient feedback tools for practising psychiatrists, if at all; ii) what are patient and psychiatrist perceptions, experiences and aspirations for patient feedback tools in revalidation; iii) how do these compare and iv) can …

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The Role Of Daxx In The Selective Autophagy Receptor Sqstm1/P62 Phase Condensation, Yi Yang Jan 2021

The Role Of Daxx In The Selective Autophagy Receptor Sqstm1/P62 Phase Condensation, Yi Yang

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Macroautophagy (‘autophagy’ hereafter) is a lysosome-dependent degradation system for intracellular protein quality control. Autophagy can selectively remove cargo materials, which is dependent on cargo receptors. SQSTM1/p62 (‘p62’ hereafter) is one of the best characterised receptors mediating the autophagic degradation of misfolded proteins, and its body formation is essential for its cargo recognition and clearance. Mounting evidence has revealed that membraneless compartments, participating in various biological processes, are assembled via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). These phase-separated condensates ensure that cellular activities occur in a spatiotemporally controlled manner and provide a method for concentrating and segregating cellular components. Liquid-like non-membrane condensates present …

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An Assessment Of Universal Tumour Associated Antigens In Primary Liver Neoplasms, Oliver Rupar Jan 2021

An Assessment Of Universal Tumour Associated Antigens In Primary Liver Neoplasms, Oliver Rupar

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Rates of primary liver cancer are increasing in the Western world, a fact yet to be reflected in research with most currently undertaken in Asia. Whilst here in the UK, during a diagnostic and therapeutic workup within the NHS, surgically resected tumours are routinely kept in storage for up to thirty years. Meaning there is a huge, currently unused, resource that could potentially be included in clinical research. The regional specialist centre in the Southwest of England has been performing liver resections since 2005, no basic-science research has been performed using these archived specimens. In this research I have assessed …

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Exploring The Influence Of Social Relationships On Multisource Feedback Assessments For Uk General Practitioners: A Social Network Analysis, Sebastian Andrew George Stevens Jan 2021

Exploring The Influence Of Social Relationships On Multisource Feedback Assessments For Uk General Practitioners: A Social Network Analysis, Sebastian Andrew George Stevens

Other Faculty of Health Theses

One of the most common approaches to assess the performance of qualified doctors is that of multisource feedback (MSF). Previous research often cites MSF to be a valid, reliable and feasible method of assessing performance. However, potential biases in the self-selection of raters has been highlighted as a concern for the utility of MSF, particularly when used in high-stakes assessments such as medical Revalidation. This research uses general practice as the study setting to explore the extent to which social relationships influence the rater selection choices made by doctors. A case study approach was adopted recruiting three GP practices varying …

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Exploring The Design, Use And Impact Of Companion Pet Robots And Automata For Older Adults And People With Dementia, Hannah Bradwell Jan 2021

Exploring The Design, Use And Impact Of Companion Pet Robots And Automata For Older Adults And People With Dementia, Hannah Bradwell

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Companion robots, socially assistive robots typically possessing zoomorphic features, have shown potential in the care of older adults and people with dementia. Previous research demonstrated reduced agitation, anxiety, loneliness and blood pressure for older adults, and reduced carer burden. However, many literature gaps and methodological flaws remained, and there was limited evidence of real-world adoption into health and care practice. In particular, most research involved Paro, the robot seal costing ~£5000, a prohibitive cost for most intended end-users. Furthermore, contradictory research results, robot failures and variable responses of older people suggested sub-optimal robot design. This thesis therefore aimed to expand …

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Modulation Of Macrophage And Epithelial Cell Immune Defences By Probiotic Bacteria: Immune Stimulation Versus Suppression, Luma S.Abdulqader Al-Abdulwahid Jan 2021

Modulation Of Macrophage And Epithelial Cell Immune Defences By Probiotic Bacteria: Immune Stimulation Versus Suppression, Luma S.Abdulqader Al-Abdulwahid

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Abstract Probiotic bacteria are live organisms, if consumed in adequate amounts might confer health benefits. These bacteria, such as Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), include a number of strains that have specific health promoting activi-ties, attributed to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Gut mucosal macrophage subsets play a fundamental role in driving muco-sal immune responses. These include, tolerance, associated with an M2-, regulatory macrophage phenotype and inflammatory activation with an M1-like phenotype. The cross-link between mucosal tolerance and inflammatory cytokine suppression, and augmentation of IL-10 production in the gut relate to endotoxin tolerance. Endotoxin tolerance is a context; it could present …

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Collaboration Practices In Intellectual (Learning) Disability Services’ Multidisciplinary Teams, Madeleine Tremblett Jan 2021

Collaboration Practices In Intellectual (Learning) Disability Services’ Multidisciplinary Teams, Madeleine Tremblett

Other Faculty of Health Theses

This thesis takes an approach that combines discursive psychology, conversation analysis and ethnography to explore how collaboration works in practice. Clinical guidance refers to collaboration as the chosen form of teamwork for multidisciplinary teams (MDT). Professionals in intellectual (learning) disability (I(L)D) services are advised by NHS England to collaborate in MDTs to address the multiple and complex needs of clients. However, clinical guidance for healthcare professionals uses the term collaboration without explaining what collaboration might look like. Previous research on collaboration focuses on the barriers and facilitators to collaboration, again treating collaboration as a concept that does not need explanation …

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Birth Trauma: A Mixed-Methods Investigation, Grace Baptie Jan 2021

Birth Trauma: A Mixed-Methods Investigation, Grace Baptie

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Approximately one-third of women appraise their childbirth experience as traumatic and many women experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result. Whilst earlier work concentrated on prevalence and risk factors of clinically significant trauma, recent research focuses on the large group of women who experience childbirth as traumatic but do not necessarily meet the threshold for PTSD. This thesis comprises a mixed-methods design to investigate predisposing factors associated with presentation of postnatal posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and the appraisal of childbirth as a traumatic experience. Specifically, this thesis aims to address the following questions: What perinatal risk factors …

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High Throughput Sequencing Technologies In Blood Group Genotyping And Applications In Transfusion Medicine: Establishment Of Rh Genes Reference Allele Sequences, Wajnat Ali Tounsi Jan 2021

High Throughput Sequencing Technologies In Blood Group Genotyping And Applications In Transfusion Medicine: Establishment Of Rh Genes Reference Allele Sequences, Wajnat Ali Tounsi

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The Rh blood group system (ISBT004) is the second most important blood group after ABO and the most polymorphic one, with 55 antigens encoded by two genes, RHD and RHCE. The two genes are homologous and located on chromosome 1 with 10 coding exons. This research uses next generation sequencing (NGS) on Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine™ (Ion PGM™) to sequence the Rh genes (RHD, RHCE, RHAG) using overlapping Long Range-PCR (LR-PCR) amplicons. The aim was to study different RHD and RHCE alleles present in the population to establish reference RHD and RHCE allele sequences by utilising the analysis of …

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Developing And Embedding A Feasible Digital Health Champion Scheme Into The Nursing Curriculum: A Collaborative Action Research Approach, Toni Page Jan 2021

Developing And Embedding A Feasible Digital Health Champion Scheme Into The Nursing Curriculum: A Collaborative Action Research Approach, Toni Page

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Technology can help meet the health needs of service users and carers. However, both local communities and our future workforce require support in becoming aware of and in using such technologies. Universities must do more to prepare our future nurses but these students can also support local communities in the transition to this digital future. This PhD aimed to develop and embed a feasible model offering nursing students the opportunity to support their local community in health technology, while listening to and learning from people’s experiences of healthcare. This study comprised three collaborative action research cycles with multiple stakeholders using …

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The Effects Of Mindfulness Meditation On Attention Regulation, Paul Sharpe Jan 2021

The Effects Of Mindfulness Meditation On Attention Regulation, Paul Sharpe

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The research in this thesis tested the claim that mindfulness meditation regulates attention. Attention regulation was operationalised as an improvement on alerting, orienting or executive attention measured using the Attention Network Test (ANT), or a reduction in the attentional blink (AB) effect, measured using a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) task. Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature. Chapters 2 and 3 report five experiments which tested the effects of Focused Attention Meditation (FAM) on the ANT. In Chapter 2, no effects of brief FAM were found on the ANT in novices (Experiment 1), or long-term meditators (Experiments 2 and 3). …

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Dll4 And Jag1 In The Glioblastoma Response To Temozolomide Chemotherapy, Carly Bunston Jan 2021

Dll4 And Jag1 In The Glioblastoma Response To Temozolomide Chemotherapy, Carly Bunston

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common aggressive primary malignant brain tumour in adults. The current gold standard treatment comprises of surgery followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 14.6 months following diagnosis. Treatment often fails due to intrinsic or acquired TMZ resistance of a small population of cells termed glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs). A promising target for glioblastoma therapy is the Notch signalling pathway, which can be suppressed using gamma-secretase inhibitors such as dibenzazepine (DBZ). We investigated the effects of the Notch ligands, Delta-like 4 (DLL4) and Jagged-1 (JAG1) …

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Music And The Brain: Composing With The Electroencephalogram, Rachel Horrell Jan 2021

Music And The Brain: Composing With The Electroencephalogram, Rachel Horrell

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

The field of brain-computer music interfaces have been expanding ever since the first development in the 1960s. Although many brain-computer music interfaces have been developed for the purpose of composing music, these systems have not been accessible to musicians due to the use of complex programming and signal processing mathematics. In addition, these systems have often focused on the process of composing music by allowing for specific note selection, or the formation of structure. While these systems are beneficial for those who cannot compose music the traditional way, such as those with motor disabilities, they do not offer a new …

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Social And Commercial Enterprise Interactions: Insights From Uk Business Incubators, Eleanor Browne Jan 2021

Social And Commercial Enterprise Interactions: Insights From Uk Business Incubators, Eleanor Browne

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

With numbers of social enterprises in the UK continuing to grow and innovate, this research responds to the scarcity of information surrounding social and commercial enterprises co-located in business incubators, and asks: how and why do social and commercial enterprises interact in a business incubator? The research provides qualitative insights for a rich understanding of the network dynamics, subtle interactions and influences that occur amongst peer groups of mixed social and commercial enterprises during business incubation. Drawing on social capital theory, the study utilises multiple methods through a practice-led, qualitative methodology. Employing novel observation techniques in business incubation and semi-structured …

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