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2021

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Polymeric Vesicles: Design, Synthesis And Characterization, Yiming Yang Jan 2021

Polymeric Vesicles: Design, Synthesis And Characterization, Yiming Yang

All ETDs from UAB

Synthetic nanovesicles, known as liposomes, are assembled from synthetic lipids as encapsulation devices for delivery of small molecules and are now a key component of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Due to their similarity to a cell membrane, liposomes also find use in anticancer treatment to reduce toxic side effects of chemotherapy. However, synthetic liposomes may require a multi-step synthesis, and very often show poor physical and chemical stability. In contrast, polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) assembled from synthetic polymers can boast much better mechanical and chemical stabilities and provide stimuli responsiveness that can enhance targeted drug delivery and provide drug release on-demand. Polymersomes …

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Biological Pathways And Processes Underlying The Cardiac Regenerative Response Post-Injury In Small And Large Mammals, Eric Yang Zhang Jan 2021

Biological Pathways And Processes Underlying The Cardiac Regenerative Response Post-Injury In Small And Large Mammals, Eric Yang Zhang

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Mammalian cardiomyocytes exit the cell-cycle shortly after birth. Consequently, the adult heart is unable to properly compensate for cardiac muscle lost to injury. As such, heart failure has remained the leading cause of death in the developed world for more than three decades. In this work, we illustrate our findings in using novel in-vivo animal models to examine two regenerative phenomena observed following myocardial injury:i.) neonate cardiomyocyte proliferation in large mammals ii.) the ‘paracrine effect’ as mediated by mesenchymal stromal cells In i.) we use a large animal model of myocardial injury during the early postnatal develop-mental stage to establish …

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Aerodynamic Analysis Of Utility Truck Safety In Severe Environments, Haibo Zhu Jan 2021

Aerodynamic Analysis Of Utility Truck Safety In Severe Environments, Haibo Zhu

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In the present study, the stability of utility trucks under strong wind conditions is analyzed. Since the lateral area of trucks is larger than that of ordinary vehicles, the impact of crosswind on trucks is the most serious. Therefore, the main consideration was to simulate the impact of crosswind conditions on the truck. The research direction of crosswinds affecting the performance of utility trucks can be divided into two major aspects: one is to consider crosswind aerodynamics, and the other is to test crosswind stability. In order to study the crosswind aerodynamics of the truck, the influence of the change …

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Fqhcs, Health Center Controlled Network Affiliation And Performance, Armika Jessica Berkley Jan 2021

Fqhcs, Health Center Controlled Network Affiliation And Performance, Armika Jessica Berkley

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Since the mid-1960s, Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) have been funded by the U.S. federal government to provide access to preventative and primary care for medically underserved communities. The federal government’s involvement in the funding of FQHCs was a response to extreme poverty, economic instability, and civil unrest related to the Civil Rights movement. Adoption of value-based care delivery practices to improve clinical and financial performances among FQHCs has been slow. This slow adoption has been attributable to cost, lack of expertise, and support. Since August 1994, the Department of Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the funding source for …

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Midpalatal Suture Maturation Stage Evaluation In Young Adults, Anna Maria Betlej Jan 2021

Midpalatal Suture Maturation Stage Evaluation In Young Adults, Anna Maria Betlej

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Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is a gold standard treatment for posterior unilateral and bilateral crossbites or limited buccal overjet in patients with constricted maxilla. Midpalatal suture fusion is a limitation for obtaining the skeletal results and avoiding dental side effects. It is generally believed that midpalatal suture interlock increases significantly after the pubertal growth spurt. However, in the literature there are reported cases of successful midpalatal suture split in older adults. Individual cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment of midpalatal suture maturation was proposed by Angelieri et al. Since RPE treatment approach is commonly used it is important to understand the …

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Topics In Low Dimensional Dynamical Systems: Interval Rotation Numbers And Laminations, Sourav Bhattacharya Jan 2021

Topics In Low Dimensional Dynamical Systems: Interval Rotation Numbers And Laminations, Sourav Bhattacharya

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The goal of this thesis is to study two broad disciplines: \emph{One Dimensional Dynamical Systems and Complex Dynamical Systems} in the spirit of \emph{``Developing efficient machinery to make conclusions about the dynamics of a given map $f$ from reduced information''}. In \emph{One Dimensional Dynamical Systems}, we accomplish the above stated goal by studying the \emph{forcing relation} among \emph{over-rotation numbers} of points on the interval. We began by discovering peculiar \emph{patterns} named \emph{very badly ordered patterns}, having no \emph{block structure} over an \emph{over-twist pattern}. It has been proved that unlike \emph{circle maps} these patterns \emph{surprisingly} don't \emph{force} a lower \emph{over-rotation number} …

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Facilitating The Transfer Of Cognitive Training To Real-World Functioning: The Transfer Package For Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment, Jason Alexander Blake Jan 2021

Facilitating The Transfer Of Cognitive Training To Real-World Functioning: The Transfer Package For Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment, Jason Alexander Blake

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Multiple cognitive training approaches for cognitive impairment following acquired brain injury have been found to improve cognitive functioning in the laboratory setting. However, current studies suffer from a lack of focus on the transfer of improved cognitive functioning from the laboratory setting to a patient’s everyday life. This case series addresses this lack of treatment transfer using a collection of behavioral techniques known as the Transfer Package. The Transfer Package works alongside clinical and in-laboratory training of functional cognitive impairments to improve an individual’s real-world functioning and independence after injury. This cognitive training case series utilizes this Transfer Package in …

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Beliefs And Intentions Of Anesthesia Physicians Toward Providing Culturally Competent Care To Transgender Patients, Erin Elizabeth Blanchard Jan 2021

Beliefs And Intentions Of Anesthesia Physicians Toward Providing Culturally Competent Care To Transgender Patients, Erin Elizabeth Blanchard

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Purpose: Transgender patients face healthcare discrimination, resulting in a delay or avoidance in seeking care and increased negative health outcomes. The presence of cultural competence in patient-provider interactions has been shown to increase trust and satisfaction, resulting in better health outcomes. However, physicians receive little to no training on how to interact with transgender patients in a culturally competent manner. Anesthesia physicians often have no prior relationship with their patients and have very limited time for patient interaction before delivering care. This is why it is essential that anesthesia physicians possess the knowledge and skills to treat all types of …

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Self-Efficacy And Sexual And Reproductive Health In Women With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Janet L. Brown Jan 2021

Self-Efficacy And Sexual And Reproductive Health In Women With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Janet L. Brown

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SELF-EFFICACY AND SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN WOMEN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY JANET BROWN DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting genetic disorder among Caucasians. There are approximately 30,000 individuals with CF in the United States and over 70,000 worldwide, with approximately 1,000 new cases diagnosed globally each year. In other chronic diseases, a positive relationship between self-efficacy and behavior has been identified. Self-efficacy may be a factor related to behaviors, including underutilization of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care services for women with CF.METHODS: Self-efficacy and utilization of …

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Evaluating The Effects Of Silver Diamine Fluoride On Microbiome Analysis Of Carious Lesions, Karol Fernanda Bryant Jan 2021

Evaluating The Effects Of Silver Diamine Fluoride On Microbiome Analysis Of Carious Lesions, Karol Fernanda Bryant

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ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the oral bacterial flora before and after application of 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF, manufacturer and city/state) to carious lesions. Methods: Fifteen children with at least one cavitated carious tooth and one healthy tooth were enrolled and following examination, a carious tooth was selected to receive SDF treatment. Prior to SDF treatment, two supragingival plaque samples were obtained (using sterile cotton swabs, then storage in transport fluid and frozen at -80oC until DNA extraction) at the first appointment, one carious tooth, another from a non-carious tooth. At the …

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Social Inclusion Among People With Mobility Limitations In The Global South, Shane Burns Jan 2021

Social Inclusion Among People With Mobility Limitations In The Global South, Shane Burns

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An estimated 15% of the world’s population have a disability—roughly 80% of whom live in the Global South. People with disabilities experience profound social disparities that affect their quality of life and social inclusion. Due to the array of cultural perspectives and institutional capacities around the globe, provision of disability rights can come with its challenges. In many cultural contexts, people have moral beliefs about disability that result in shame. More medicalized beliefs toward disability are often the result of medical infrastructure that offers goods and services. Using a framework that arrays these moral and medical dimensions, I theorized that …

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The Relationship Between Anosgnosia For Hemiplegia After Stroke And Fall Events In The Acute Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Population, Elizabeth Mosley Byrd Jan 2021

The Relationship Between Anosgnosia For Hemiplegia After Stroke And Fall Events In The Acute Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Population, Elizabeth Mosley Byrd

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Background/Significance: Inpatient falls on acute stroke rehabilitation units remains a significant issue that negatively affects healthcare costs and causes physical and psychological injury. Prevelance of falls in the stroke rehabilitation population may be due to the presence of anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP), which is as an unawareness of physical disability. Though the link between AHP and falls has been suggested in the literature, a formal investigation has not been conducted to address the relationship between the variables. Purpose: To explore the association between the presence of anosognosia for hemiplegia after stroke and patient fall events while admitted to an acute …

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Adolescent Perspectives And Comfort Levels Communicating With Systems Of Care Following Concussion, Sarah Terry Cable Jan 2021

Adolescent Perspectives And Comfort Levels Communicating With Systems Of Care Following Concussion, Sarah Terry Cable

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Objective: To examine 1) adolescent communication comfort levels, 2) barriers to com-munication with systems of care (e.g., family, medical, school, athletic, friends), and 3) associations between communication comfort and demographic, injury characteristics, medical history, emotional well-being, and recovery outcomes following a concussion.Methods: Participants were 73 adolescents (mean age = 14 years old, 61.6% male, 67.1% White) recruited from sports medicine clinics. Communication comfort level ratings with individuals in each system of care were assessed with possible responses including: not at all, a little, somewhat, and very. To evaluate barriers to communication, participants provided reasons for comfort ratings less than very. …

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How Legitimate Companies Are Being Used For Sales For Illicit Online Products, Amanda Cetnarowski Jan 2021

How Legitimate Companies Are Being Used For Sales For Illicit Online Products, Amanda Cetnarowski

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The opioid epidemic began in the early 1990s due to the misuse and misinformation of pharmaceutical opioids. Since then, the increase in opioid use ranging from hydrocodone to fentanyl has become a world-wide issue. Over time, opioid use has evolved in many ways with three major waves of opioid use beginning with oxycodone, moving to heroin, and finally to fentanyl. Usage of online platforms and forums to sell and buy illicit opioids has increased significantly due to easier internet capabilities and social media platforms. A total of 1,946 illicit online opioid sell sites were found in this study to show …

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Likelihood Based Inferential Methods To Analyze Trials Incorporating Patient's Treatment Choice, Rouba A. Chahine Jan 2021

Likelihood Based Inferential Methods To Analyze Trials Incorporating Patient's Treatment Choice, Rouba A. Chahine

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Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are the gold standards for clinical trials as they reduce bias and minimize variability between different arms of a study. One of the drawbacks of these designs is their lack of flexibility to incorporate patient’s preference, which may reduce recruitment rates and/or reduce patient’s tolerance if they receive a non-preferred treatment. Designs incorporating choice allow a subset of participants to choose a preferred treatment. Some of these designs are Zelen’s (1979), Brewin’s (1989), and Rucker’s (Two-Stage RCT, 1989). Current methods to analyze two-stage RCT are based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach that do not …

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Queen Of Swords, Mary Elizabeth Chambliss Jan 2021

Queen Of Swords, Mary Elizabeth Chambliss

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Queen of Swords, titled after a card in the tarot signifying an independent, incisive woman that often keeps others at “sword’s length,” is the fictional story of Birmingham heiress Reagan Norcross. Beautiful, educated, wealthy, and accomplished, Reagan is more unhappy than she’s ever been. So when an old fling, Russell Harris, takes a job at her family’s construction and design firm, Norcross Lasting, it seems like a sign that everything is going to turn around. But even as her interactions with Russell in and out of the office become more like a romance novel, Reagan’s unhappiness and instability only get …

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Do Outcomes From A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Differ In Alabama Vs Colorado?, Julianne Clina Jan 2021

Do Outcomes From A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Differ In Alabama Vs Colorado?, Julianne Clina

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There are well-established regional differences in obesity prevalence in the U.S., but relatively little is known about whether these differences impact efforts for weight loss. The objective of the study was to determine whether changes in body weight, engagement in physical activity (PA), and psychosocial factors differed in Colorado (CO) vs Alabama (AL) in response to a 16 week standardized behavioral weight management program. We hypothesized that weight loss would be greater in Colorado due to a more favorable physical and social environment.This is an ancillary study to a weight loss intervention being conducted simultaneously in AL and CO with …

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Central Vestibular Integration In Concussion And Multiple Sclerosis, Graham Dean Cochrane Jan 2021

Central Vestibular Integration In Concussion And Multiple Sclerosis, Graham Dean Cochrane

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Dizziness and imbalance are commonly reported by people with concussion and people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysfunction of the vestibular system is likely a major cause of dizziness and imbalance in both diseases, but it is not well understood whether this dysfunction typically occurs in peripheral vestibular organs and pathways or higher-level central vestibular integration pathways. As these systems are assessed and targeted with rehabilitation differently, understanding how both are affected in these diseases will improve management of dizziness and imbalance. In addition, balance has been demonstrated to correlate with self-reported fatigue in people with MS, presumably through shared dysfunction …

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Quantum Velocities For One-Dimensional Schrödinger Operators With Periodic Potential., Mohammed Darras Jan 2021

Quantum Velocities For One-Dimensional Schrödinger Operators With Periodic Potential., Mohammed Darras

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We consider the discrete Schrödinger operator in $\ell^2(\Z)$ with periodic real valued potential $\mu V$ of period $p$ and $\mu>1$. Assuming that $\min\{|V(i)-V(j)|:1\le i < j\le p\}>0$ we show that the system admits a form of ballistic transport with Lieb-Robinson type bounds. In fact, we will show that the Lieb-Robinson velocity is small for large $\mu$, in fact it is proportional to $\frac{1}{\mu}$. We will also prove similar results for more general hopping operators under the same condition. In case $V$ is degenerate, i.e. there is a repeated value of $V$, we will prove weaker results for some special cases. We …

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Hyperphosphatemia Contributes To Functional Iron Deficiency And Skeletal Muscle Wasting, Brian Anthony Czaya Jan 2021

Hyperphosphatemia Contributes To Functional Iron Deficiency And Skeletal Muscle Wasting, Brian Anthony Czaya

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health threat that increases risk of death, which is credible to both impaired renal function and a multitude of CKD- associated comorbidities such as systemic inflammation, anemia and skeletal muscle dys- function. A distinctive feature of CKD is the dysregulation of mineral metabolism, where excess serum levels of phosphate (hyperphosphatemia) and of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are not only viewed as biomarkers for disease severity but also exert deleterious effects towards various CKD-associated pathologies. Elevated levels of FGF23 can lead to the activation of FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) in cell types that …

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Examining The Pathophysiology Through Which Violence Exposure Varies With Functional Brain Connectivity And The Psychophysiological Response To Stress, Heather Elizabeth Dark Jan 2021

Examining The Pathophysiology Through Which Violence Exposure Varies With Functional Brain Connectivity And The Psychophysiological Response To Stress, Heather Elizabeth Dark

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Violence exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with susceptibility to internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety. The relationship between childhood violence exposure and internalizing disorders may be explained by changes in brain function. For example, childhood maltreatment, including violence exposure, is associated with changes in brain regions that are important for emotion regulation. Reciprocal connections among these brain regions are important for healthy responses to stress. Thus, examining how childhood violence exposure varies with acute stress-induced changes in functional brain connectivity and psychophysiological stress responses may elucidate how childhood violence exposure may contribute to susceptibility to internalizing disorders. …

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Targeting Oncogenic Microrna In Lung Cancer, Mackenzie Lauren Davenport Jan 2021

Targeting Oncogenic Microrna In Lung Cancer, Mackenzie Lauren Davenport

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death both in the United Statesand the world. While several genetic drivers of lung cancer have been identified, major improvements in patient outcome are lacking, highlighting the need to further understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms of this disease. The microRNA miR-31 has been implicated in oncogenesis in a variety of cancer types, and prior data from our laboratory has shown it to be overexpressed in human lung adenocarcinoma tumors compared to normal lung, high miR-31 levels correlate with decreased patient survival, and overexpression of miR-31 alone in the mouse lung epithelium …

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Use-Dependent, Post-Critical Period Structural Plasticity In Primary Visual Cortex Following Central Vision Loss, Matthew Defenderfer Jan 2021

Use-Dependent, Post-Critical Period Structural Plasticity In Primary Visual Cortex Following Central Vision Loss, Matthew Defenderfer

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To facilitate learning throughout life, the adult brain must be capable of change, known as neuroplasticity. While evidence for adult structural plasticity in primary visual cortex (V1) exists, the relationship between plasticity and amount of use of a cortical region is not fully understood. Here, I use macular degeneration (MD) to model adult cortical plasticity. Macular degeneration causes loss of central vision, and patients learn to use a portion of peripheral vision called the preferred retinal locus (PRL) as a replacement for the fovea. The PRL is used more often than other usable areas of peripheral vision for daily tasks. …

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The Function Of Tgfβr3 (Betaglycan) In The Differentiation And Proliferation Of T Cells, Samuel Duesman Jan 2021

The Function Of Tgfβr3 (Betaglycan) In The Differentiation And Proliferation Of T Cells, Samuel Duesman

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TGFβR3 is a membrane bound co-receptor to many members of the TGFβ superfamily of ligands and is broadly expressed in the human body. TGFβR3 is known to modulate immune system function, but its exact role is at this time poorly understood. Work by Aleman-Muench et al., (2012) suggests that TGFβR3 regulates T cell development in the thymus. In order to further investigate the role of TGFβR3 in the immune system our lab developed a mouse which lacks TGFβR3 selectively in mature T cells. The contribution of TGFβR3 on in vivo activation and differentiation of T cells was investigated by utilizing …

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Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Differential Resistance Elliptical Exercise Machine, John Easton Jan 2021

Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Differential Resistance Elliptical Exercise Machine, John Easton

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Hemiplegia and hemiparesis are life-altering conditions that lead to secondary effects including pain and health decline due to sedentary lifestyle. There exists a need for affordable, safe, and effective exercise equipment designed with these users in mind. Recent studies have demonstrated adaptability of post-stroke individuals to differential forces in a split belt treadmill regime, resulting in increased propulsive force generation of the paretic limb. An elliptical exercise machine with a differential resistance mechanism, free-wheeling motor assistance, and walker accessibility has been fabricated to test whether differential resistance is possible with an elliptical platform. Preliminary testing of 1 subject consisted of …

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A Critical Discourse Analysis: The Ways In Which African American Male Administrators Talk About Race And Their Roles As Administrators In Public Schools In Alabama, Mathew Germayne Epps Jan 2021

A Critical Discourse Analysis: The Ways In Which African American Male Administrators Talk About Race And Their Roles As Administrators In Public Schools In Alabama, Mathew Germayne Epps

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The purpose of this study was to describe ways that African American males were either motivated or demotivated to become school administrators. Because African American males only represent 2% of educators in the United States, the field for African American males to become administrators were limited (Woodson & Pabon, 2016). There is a paucity of literature on African American male administrators (Grauerholz & Turner, 2017); however, research that has been done on African American male administrators were on their lived experiences. This study was conducted in central Alabama and 10 participants who were high school administrators agreed to participate. The …

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Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Sol-Gel Transition: Effects Of Nanoconfinement, Maria Alejandra Espinosa Dzib Jan 2021

Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Sol-Gel Transition: Effects Of Nanoconfinement, Maria Alejandra Espinosa Dzib

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THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF SOL-GEL PHASE TRANSITION: EFFECTS OF NANOCONFINEMENT MARIA ALEJANDRA ESPINOSA DZIB CHEMISTRY ABSTRACT This research applies differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to explore the effects of nanoconfinement on the kinetics and thermodynamics of gelation. The effects are quantified by evaluating the enthalpies, temperatures and the activation energies of gelation in the bulk and nanoconfined systems, Isoconversional kinetic analysis is employed to determine the temperature dependencies of the activation energies of gelation that are further interpreted in the frameworks of the nucleation model of Turnbull and Fisher.The first chapter highlights the surface and size effects of the nanopores on …

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Race, Feeding Practices And Infant Weight Gain During The First 6 Weeks Of Life, Alysha Breanne Everett Jan 2021

Race, Feeding Practices And Infant Weight Gain During The First 6 Weeks Of Life, Alysha Breanne Everett

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Background: Non-Hispanic black (NHB) infants are disproportionately affected by rapid weight gain compared to non-Hispanic white (NHW) infants, which in turn, is associated with future disparities including obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Feeding practices, such as the use of formula or bottles, differ by race and are associated with rate of weight gain. Data from the Pregnancy and Early Life in the South (PEARLS) birth-cohort study was used to test the hypotheses that change in body weight and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) from birth to 6 weeks would be greater for (1) NHB versus NHW infants; and (2) infants fed formula (exclusively …

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Does Interdisciplinary Care Team Care Management Improve Health Quality And Demonstrate Cost Effectiveness?, F Cardwell Feagin Jan 2021

Does Interdisciplinary Care Team Care Management Improve Health Quality And Demonstrate Cost Effectiveness?, F Cardwell Feagin

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The U. S. healthcare system faces unsustainable rising healthcare costs. Health care cost as a percentage of gross domestic product is expected to rise to 19.4 percent by 2027 (Wilson, 2019). This unstainable rise in healthcare costs is creating a problem for consumers of healthcare. By 2030, the average annual healthcare spending per working household, including premium and out-of-pocket expenditures, is estimated to be 33.9 percent of median compensation (Girod et al., 2016). Also, lawmakers and policymakers face funding issues of healthcare. A key finding of this study is that field-based interdisciplinary care team care management, with an algorithm selecting …

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Microstructural Characterization Of Ternary Eutectic And Near-Eutectic Al-Cu-Mg Alloys, Dominic Ikemefuna Ezemenaka Jan 2021

Microstructural Characterization Of Ternary Eutectic And Near-Eutectic Al-Cu-Mg Alloys, Dominic Ikemefuna Ezemenaka

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As solidification science continues to evolve, better understanding of microstructure evolution opens up a vast range of opportunities for metallic alloys research and development. Traditionally, there is a strong link between materials processing and structure, which in turn influences their properties and performance in service areas. With the present rapid advancement in technology, materials scientists/researchers are faced with the challenge of understanding higher-order eutectic alloys due to their unique properties. In this research work, invariant and off-eutectic Al-Cu-Mg alloys are chosen as models because they have not received considerable research attention in comparison with other ternary eutectic alloys. The experimental …

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