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2021

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Hiv/Aids Transmission Dynamics: Modelling The Roles Of Long Distance Truck Drivers, Nyimvua Mbare Feb 2021

Hiv/Aids Transmission Dynamics: Modelling The Roles Of Long Distance Truck Drivers, Nyimvua Mbare

Tanzania Journal of Science

A mathematical model to investigate the roles of long distance truck drivers on HIV transmission dynamics was formulated and analyzed to establish the existence of disease free and endemic equilibrium points. The results show that, the disease free equilibrium point is asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity and unstable otherwise. Furthermore, comprehensive analyses on the two steady states (infection free and endemic) have shown that they are both globally and asymptotically stable. Sensitivity analysis is performed on the reproduction number in order to establish the relative importance of parameters, and it shows that the truck …

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Analyzing The Electricity Consumption And Costs Of Electrical-Powered Machines When There Is Orepass Failure In Underground Mine, Bartłomiej Skawina, Abubakary Salama Feb 2021

Analyzing The Electricity Consumption And Costs Of Electrical-Powered Machines When There Is Orepass Failure In Underground Mine, Bartłomiej Skawina, Abubakary Salama

Tanzania Journal of Science

In underground mining environment where the loss of orepasses is a dominant factor, the mine may face a challenge of improving the loading and hauling operations. Some of the options will be to rehabilitate the lost orepasses, or developing the new ones. When the rehabilitation cost is high, alternative strategies should be applied to compensate for the orepasses failure. One of the possible options is to use diesel or electric Load-Haul-Dumps (LHDs). The use of diesel-powered LHDs will increase heat and gas emissions which increase environmental concerns and ventilation costs, while adoption of electric-powered vehicles needs to be analysed. Therefore, …

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Effects Of Drying, Packaging Conditions And Storage Time On Proximate Composition Of Chia Seeds (Salvia Hispanica), Ashura Katunzi-Kilewela, Leonard Rweyemamu, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian Kaale Feb 2021

Effects Of Drying, Packaging Conditions And Storage Time On Proximate Composition Of Chia Seeds (Salvia Hispanica), Ashura Katunzi-Kilewela, Leonard Rweyemamu, Oscar Kibazohi, Lilian Kaale

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effects of drying, packaging conditions and storage time on proximate composition of chia seeds were investigated. Chia seeds were dried at 63 °C for 30 min (low-temperature long time–LTLT) and at 75 °C for 30 s (high-temperature short time-HTST) using dry oven, air/vacuum-packed and stored for ten weeks. The effect of heat processing (drying) on chia seeds had significant difference (p < 0.05) in ash, fiber and fat contents while there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in moisture and protein contents. Except for fiber content, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in moisture, ash, fat and protein of chia seeds dried at LTLT and HTST before storage. During storage time, there was …

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Effects Of Plant Species Diversity And Biomass On Grazing Patch Selection By Semi Free-Ranging Cattle, Samora Andrew Feb 2021

Effects Of Plant Species Diversity And Biomass On Grazing Patch Selection By Semi Free-Ranging Cattle, Samora Andrew

Tanzania Journal of Science

Studies examining forage selection by large herbivores have generally focused on single herbivore-plant relationships and few studies link plant species diversity with large herbivore feeding preferences, particularly in species-rich ecosystems. A study was therefore conducted to examine how herbaceous plant biomass, species richness, diversity and evenness, together with elevation and distances to houses, agricultural fields and cattle holding-pen areas (kraals), predict cattle grazing intensity at small (0.5 x 0.5 m) and large (20 x 50 m) patches by semi free-ranging indigenous cattle in Kilombero Valley Floodplain wetland Tanzania. Results showed that cattle grazed patches with high species richness and intermediate …

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Modelling Road Traffic Accidents Counts In Tanzania: A Poisson Regression Approach, Thadei Sagamiko, Nyimvua Mbare Feb 2021

Modelling Road Traffic Accidents Counts In Tanzania: A Poisson Regression Approach, Thadei Sagamiko, Nyimvua Mbare

Tanzania Journal of Science

Road traffic accidents have become serious threats to Tanzanians in recent years. The outcryemanates from the increasing prevalence of negative effects of accidents on human lives,properties, environments and the economy. Poisson regression model was used to study therelationship between road accidents and the factors facilitating them in Tanzania. Count data onyearly road traffic accidents for Tanzania covering the period 1993 to 2019 were used. Due toover-dispersion of Poisson regression model, quasi-Poisson regression model was found the mostappropriate approach for the analysis of these data. Results indicated that all predictors aresignificant under Poisson regression model with p-value less than 0.05 but …

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Campylobacteriosis Transmission Dynamics In Humans: Modeling The Effects Of Public Health Education, Treatment, And Sanitation, Furaha Chuma, Zubeda Mussa Feb 2021

Campylobacteriosis Transmission Dynamics In Humans: Modeling The Effects Of Public Health Education, Treatment, And Sanitation, Furaha Chuma, Zubeda Mussa

Tanzania Journal of Science

An epidemic model for the dynamics of campylobacteriosis disease with public health education, treatment, and sanitation control strategies was formulated and analyzed. The stabilities of the equilibrium points were analyzed by using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The effective reproduction number was computed by using the Next Generation Matrix method. Numerical simulations were carried out and the results showed that, public health education has a substantial influence on the reduction of the effective reproduction number. Moreover, treatment and sanitation control strategies have also shown significant reduction of infected individuals from the respective population.Keywords: Campylobacteriosis; public health education; treatment; sanitation.

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Physicochemical And Sensory Evaluation Of Mixed Juices From Banana, Pineapple And Passion Fruits During Storage, Victor Matabura, Oscar Kibazohi Feb 2021

Physicochemical And Sensory Evaluation Of Mixed Juices From Banana, Pineapple And Passion Fruits During Storage, Victor Matabura, Oscar Kibazohi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Juices from fresh fruits offer various health benefits, including strengthening the immune system and preventing diseases. Mixed fruit juices tend to have good nutritional contents and organoleptic properties like colour, flavour, taste, and overall appeal of different fruits. This work investigated the physicochemical and sensory attributes of fruit juice of low viscosity banana juice blended with pineapple and passion juices. The prepared juices were pasteurised at 92 °C for 15 s, bottled in air-tight glass bottles, and subsequently stored in two different conditions: an ambient temperature of approximately 28 ± 2 °C and a fridge at 4 ºC for one …

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Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In Seawater By 2,4,6-Triamino-3-Pentadecylphenyl Acetate Derived From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Emanuel Ricky, Esther Lugwisha, Joseph Philip Feb 2021

Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In Seawater By 2,4,6-Triamino-3-Pentadecylphenyl Acetate Derived From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Emanuel Ricky, Esther Lugwisha, Joseph Philip

Tanzania Journal of Science

The corrosion inhibition performance of 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate on mild steel in seawater at stationary condition, 30 °C and pH 8 was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 93% was found in the presence of 300 ppm of 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate for both potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate acts as a mixed type inhibitor which influences more the anodic processes. The Nyquist plots revealed that the polarization resistance (Rp) increases whereas the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) and corrosion current density (icorr) decrease as the concentrations of …

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Wastewater Clarification And Microbial Load Reduction Using Agro-Forestry And Agricultural Wastes, Joel Njewa, Ephraim Vunain, Timothy Biswick Feb 2021

Wastewater Clarification And Microbial Load Reduction Using Agro-Forestry And Agricultural Wastes, Joel Njewa, Ephraim Vunain, Timothy Biswick

Tanzania Journal of Science

Five agro-wastes, namely: cassava peels, Irish potato peels, Jatropha curcas seeds, Moringa oleifera seeds and rice husks were investigated as plant-based coagulants for turbidity and microbial load removal from sewage wastewater. Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas seeds before usage were defatted with 95% ethanol and the active coagulating component was extracted with 1.0 M NaCl. For the other three agro-wastes, their ashes were evaluated for turbidity and microbial load removal. The ash was prepared through pyrolysis of the raw biomass at a temperature of 800 °C for 3 h. The effect of pH, coagulant dose, settling time on turbidity reduction …

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Characterization, Antimicrobial And Toxicity Studies Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Opuntia Ficus Indica Leaves Extracts From Effurun, Delta State, Christiana Ogwuche, Harrison Moses Feb 2021

Characterization, Antimicrobial And Toxicity Studies Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Opuntia Ficus Indica Leaves Extracts From Effurun, Delta State, Christiana Ogwuche, Harrison Moses

Tanzania Journal of Science

The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting silver nitrate, a metal precursor with the extract obtained from the leaves of Opuntia ficus indica, which acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by colour change from light yellow to dark brown which was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy showing surface plasmon band at 369 nm resulting from relatively small amount of reductive biomolecules for the silver ion reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis gave the morphology of the nanoparticles and showed that the silver particles were of spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer presented …

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Application Of Guided Local Search (Gls) In Portfolio Optimization, Collether John Feb 2021

Application Of Guided Local Search (Gls) In Portfolio Optimization, Collether John

Tanzania Journal of Science

Portfolio optimization is a major activity in any operating business. Conventional portfolio optimization research makes simplifying assumptions; for example, they assume no constraint in how many assets one holds (cardinality constraint). They also assume no minimum and maximum holding sizes (holding size constraint). Once these assumptions are relaxed, conventional methods become inapplicable, and hence new methods are needed to tackle this challenge. Threshold Accepting is an established algorithm in the extended portfolio optimization problem. In this paper, an algorithm called Guided Local Search (GLS) is applied using an accurate and efficient designed hill climbing algorithm, named HC-C-R. GLS sitting on …

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Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated From Mufindi Paper Mill Industrial Effluent, Iringa Tanzania, Erick Sinza, Aneth Mwakilili, Cyprian Mpinda, Sylvester Lyantagaye Feb 2021

Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated From Mufindi Paper Mill Industrial Effluent, Iringa Tanzania, Erick Sinza, Aneth Mwakilili, Cyprian Mpinda, Sylvester Lyantagaye

Tanzania Journal of Science

Effluent and effluent-contaminated soil samples collected from Mufindi Paper Mill Limited, Iringa Tanzania were investigated for the presence of cellulolytic bacteria. The components of cellulase are endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase and these are very important for complete hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose monomers. Isolates were grown on nutrient agar and screened for cellulolytic activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar plates using Gram’s iodine solution. Cellulases activities; endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase were assayed using CMC, avicel and cellobiose substrates, respectively by dinitrosalicyclic acid method. Out of 17 cellulolytic isolates obtained, crude enzyme extracts of only five isolates expressed all cellulases activities, the …

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Capacity Analysis Of A Television White Space Network Deployed Under Distance Distribution Approach, Moses Ismail, Mussa Kissaka, Prosper Mafole Feb 2021

Capacity Analysis Of A Television White Space Network Deployed Under Distance Distribution Approach, Moses Ismail, Mussa Kissaka, Prosper Mafole

Tanzania Journal of Science

Television White Space (TVWS) is currently a leading technology for broadband connectivity in rural areas due to its penetration capability and robustness to attenuation and fading. Since most rural areas where TVWS is suitable are characterized by sparse population distribution, a deployed network must be adequately planned to provide the required coverage while meeting the targeted quality of service. This paper modelled and analyzed the capacity of a TVWS suitable for sparsely populated settings. The TVWS network was modelled using the distance distribution approach, and capacity simulation was carried out through Matlab. Results showed that, at the signal quality of …

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Multi-Bands Circular Ring Monopole Antenna With Double L-Shape For Wlan/Wimax Applications, Hassan Mkindu, Hashim Iddi Feb 2021

Multi-Bands Circular Ring Monopole Antenna With Double L-Shape For Wlan/Wimax Applications, Hassan Mkindu, Hashim Iddi

Tanzania Journal of Science

The rapid growth of technology increases the demands of low profile and compact antennas, supporting different wireless systems standards in mobile devices. Recently, several multi-band antenna designs have been proposed for mobile devices due to the current advancement of antenna technology. In this paper, a multi-band circular ring with a double L-shaped monopole antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a circular-shaped and rectangular strip connected with two inverted L-shaped trips. The H-shaped-strips are attached within the rectangular-strips. The antenna is fed by a 50 …

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A Model For Mapping Combined Effects Of Quality Of Service Parameters And Device Features On Video Streaming Quality Of Experience, Beatrice Buberwa, Mercy Mbise Feb 2021

A Model For Mapping Combined Effects Of Quality Of Service Parameters And Device Features On Video Streaming Quality Of Experience, Beatrice Buberwa, Mercy Mbise

Tanzania Journal of Science

Maintaining quality of streaming video is challenged by network faults resulting into freezes and rebufferings on the video. On top of the network effects, device features have impacts on the image of the video frames displayed during streaming. Despite the simultaneous impacts of video quality from network and device, previous studies considered individual impact of network parameters or devices as influencing factors to propose Quality of Experience (QoE) models. This study proposed QoE model by mapping combined effects from both network and device on video streamed QoE. An experiment to study the effects of video quality from combined effects of …

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Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Fiddler Crabs (Austruca Occidentalis) Along The Coastal Mangrove Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, James Lugata, Flora Stephano, Harishchandra Pratap Feb 2021

Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Fiddler Crabs (Austruca Occidentalis) Along The Coastal Mangrove Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, James Lugata, Flora Stephano, Harishchandra Pratap

Tanzania Journal of Science

The aquatic organisms such as crustaceans serve as bioindicators of the environmental stressors which affect the aquatic ecosystems. The present study assessed environmental health status through fiddler crabs (Austruca occidentalis) towards oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE activity in mangroves with different levels of salinity and environmental contamination. Fiddler crabs were collected from Mtoni Kijichi, Kunduchi and Mbweni, which experience different levels of contamination from high to low along the Dar es Salaam coastline. Malondialdehyde the biomarker of oxidative stress was analysed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay and AChE activity was tested using Ellman assay in the crab tissues (muscles, hepatopancreas …

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Effects Of Time On Ph, Total Bacteria Counts, And Total Hydrocarbon Contents In The Bioremediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Indigenous Bio-Stimulants, Ita Uwidia, Osalodion Uwidia Feb 2021

Effects Of Time On Ph, Total Bacteria Counts, And Total Hydrocarbon Contents In The Bioremediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Indigenous Bio-Stimulants, Ita Uwidia, Osalodion Uwidia

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of time on pH, total bacteria counts, and total hydrocarbon contents in the bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants. Dried soil samples (500 g each) were weighed each into seven different plastic bowls, and each bowl was contaminated with 10 g of crude oil. Six of the contaminated soil samples in six of the plastic bowls were amended with a combination of pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants in the ratio of 1:1 in amounts of 150 g, 125 g, 100 g, 75 g, 50 …

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Analysis Of A Reform Option For The Tanzanian Pension System, Andongwisye Mwakisisile, Torbjörn Larsson Feb 2021

Analysis Of A Reform Option For The Tanzanian Pension System, Andongwisye Mwakisisile, Torbjörn Larsson

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this study, an analysis of a reform option for the Tanzanian pension system was done. The current system is dominated by mandatory defined benefit operating under pay-as-you-go principles. The retirement benefits are based on the average of the three best final salaries in the ten years preceding retirement. Several studies and international experts have shown that such systems face unsustainability. We propose a reform to a notional defined contribution system in which the benefits depend on accumulated contributions indexed by internal rates of returns. Simulation of results for a time horizon of fifty years shows that the notional defined …

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Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe Feb 2021

Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study evaluated the effects of milking month, milking time, and lactation stage on milk yield and composition traits of crossbred dairy cows. Twelve crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with the same parity were purposefully selected and categorized into three groups; each consisting of four. All cows were individually managed for 120 days. Milk yield record was done every day for the morning and evening time whereas milk samples were taken every fifteen-day intervals. Data collected were analysed by PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. The “morning milkings” in all milking months showed the highest variations for “milk yield” whereas the …

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Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of Shale-Hosted Copper Of The Middle Buanji Group, Chimala Area, South-Western Tanzania, Almachius Mutasingwa, Michael Msabi, Neema Jackson, Seetharamaiah Jagarlamudi Feb 2021

Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of Shale-Hosted Copper Of The Middle Buanji Group, Chimala Area, South-Western Tanzania, Almachius Mutasingwa, Michael Msabi, Neema Jackson, Seetharamaiah Jagarlamudi

Tanzania Journal of Science

The mineralogical and geochemical assessments are presented in this paper to constrain the mineralogy and copper concentrations of the shale-hosted copper in the Middle Buanji Group of the Upper Paleoproterozoic (1.67 Ga). The XRD analysis revealed that illite and chamosite are the major clay minerals present in the shales together with pseudomalachite, quartz, and muscovite that constitute over 95% by proportion of the sample. The minerals biotite, birnessite, ferroselite, bearsite, chloritoid, and anatase are present in association with shale-hosted copper in low amounts (i.e., <5% by proportion of the sample). The pseudomalachite [Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4] is considered as ore mineral of copper in the shales of the Middle Buanji Group. Field observations revealed the presence of different shale layers within the Middle Buanji Group such as red, grey and green/blue in which copper mineral is distributed. On average, the copper concentrations in the shale layers were unevenly distributed throughout the red-grey-green shales layers with values of 0.31 wt%, 5.2 wt% and 13.19 wt%, respectively. A noticeable amount of copper mineralization up to 25.7 wt% was restricted within the green shale layer as compared to red (0.31 wt%) and grey (10.9 wt%) layers. Keywords: Pseudomalachite; Supergene enrichment; Shale-hosted copper; Green shale layer

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Effectiveness Of Common Household Washing Of Tomatoes On The Removal Of Pesticide Residues, John Mahugija, Flaviana Ngabala, Faustin Ngassapa Feb 2021

Effectiveness Of Common Household Washing Of Tomatoes On The Removal Of Pesticide Residues, John Mahugija, Flaviana Ngabala, Faustin Ngassapa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effectiveness of common household washing processes of tomatoes on the removal of pesticide residues was investigated in Iringa, Tanzania. Analyses of cleaned-up extracts were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nine pesticide residues were detected in unwashed and washed samples. The compounds detected were chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, endosulfan sulphate, endosulfan ether, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and metalaxyl. The concentrations of chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, cypermethrin and lambda cyhalothrin in some unwashed and washed samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Washing reduced the concentrations of chlorothalonil and endosulfan sulphate in tomatoes by 22.2–98.0% (mean = 70%) and 33.3–55.6% …

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Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Framework For Multi-Factors Resources Allocation, Joseph Mushi, Baraka Jungwa Feb 2021

Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Framework For Multi-Factors Resources Allocation, Joseph Mushi, Baraka Jungwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Although it is possible for pedestrian to walk to unfamiliar places, familiarizing and finding a way out of new environments is quite challenging unless a pedestrian navigation system (PNS) is used. Most existing PNS solutions are employing vehicle navigation framework, however, such systems are designed to work efficiently for vehicular systems and not suitable for finding shortest path in environment with poor geospatial mapping. This study designed pedestrian navigation framework for PNS that supports resource allocations in environment with poor geospatial mapping. Mixtures of qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to interview prospective users for requirement specifications and experimental …

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Floristic Studies On Herbaceous And Grass Species Growing In The University Of Lagos, Nigeria, George Nodza, Ruth Anthony, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe Feb 2021

Floristic Studies On Herbaceous And Grass Species Growing In The University Of Lagos, Nigeria, George Nodza, Ruth Anthony, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Rapid loss in flora diversity, changing patterns of vegetation and land use patterns in the University of Lagos Akoka campus has necessitated investigation on the herb and grass species so as to determine their compositions, structures and diversity within the area. Twenty sampling plots of 10m x 10m each were studied in five selected locations using random sampling. The samples were counted and identified using Flora of West Tropical Africa. A total of 75 taxa (herbs = 53 spp and grasses = 22 spp) belonging to 26 families and 64 genera were recorded in the area. Of all the families, …

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Monthly And Seasonal Rainfall Concentrations And Predictability In Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso, Ladslaus Chang’A, Mwingereza Kumwenda Feb 2021

Monthly And Seasonal Rainfall Concentrations And Predictability In Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso, Ladslaus Chang’A, Mwingereza Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study aimed at determining the monthly and seasonal rainfall concentration, predictability and the changes in rainfall seasons in Tanzania. Rainfall predictability was determined using Colwell’s indices, Rainfall Concentration Index (RCI) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Results showed that rainfall in December–February (DJF), January–March (JFM) and February–April (FMA) has predictability due to constancy of 60%, RCI ≤ 9 and CV < 0.4 in Lake zone, Central zone, Southern Coast zone, Western and Southern Highlands zone. Rainfall in October to December (OND) was reliable in the Island zone, North-Eastern highlands zone and Northern coast zone with an average predictability due to constancy of 65%. In the Lake zone, all seasons (DJF, JFM, FMA, MAM, OND and DJFMAM) had uniform rainfall distribution (RCI = 8.7, CV = 0.35) and predictability due to constancy of 80% which leads to the conclusion that Lake Zone has unimodal rainfall distribution. Rainfall predictability in Tanzania has a West-East gradient. The western zones had an average predictability due to constancy of 68%. In general, rainfall in Tanzania is observed to be highly variable; only 20% of the predictability is concerned with reliability in the rainfall occurrence within the seasons and 80% is due to seasonality. Keywords: Rainfall concentration index; predictability; coefficient of variation; seasonality; constancy.

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Geometric Morphometric Comparison Of Abu Mullet, Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843) Populations In Bushehr Basin, Iran: Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri, Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri Feb 2021

Geometric Morphometric Comparison Of Abu Mullet, Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843) Populations In Bushehr Basin, Iran: Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri, Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri

Tanzania Journal of Science

Many fish behavior and habitats could be defined based on the fish morphology, thus, using the fish body shape, in addition  to its genetic characteristics, could be used to infer the type of fish habitat and its characteristics. This study aimed to compare the body shapes of five populations of abu mullet, Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843), in Bushehr basin using geometric morphometric method. Some 162 specimens from Hendijan, Genaveh, Helleh, Kaki and Mond rivers were used. Three morphometric characters, total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) were measured. Samples were photographed from the left side, then 18 …

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Manifestations Of Power And Marginality In Marriage Practices: A Qualitative Analysis Of Sukuma Songs In Tanzania, Esther J. Masele, Venkatachalam Lakshmanan Feb 2021

Manifestations Of Power And Marginality In Marriage Practices: A Qualitative Analysis Of Sukuma Songs In Tanzania, Esther J. Masele, Venkatachalam Lakshmanan

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study examined manifestations of power and marginality in Sukuma marriage practices. The study was conducted in Kishapu District, Tanzania. It drew its materials from Sukuma marriage rituals, which include singing and performance of songs. The study adopted an ethnographic research design and used both primary and secondary data to analyse the construction of gender roles in songs and societal views. The songs were observed at live performances, and data related to their composition, interpretation, and impact were gathered through interviews with the singers. Thematic Code Analysis was used to analyze the data, which were then interpreted based on poststructuralist …

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Persistence Of The Glass Ceiling In Academia Globally With A Focus On Women Academics In Kenyan Universities, Bhoke Chacha Feb 2021

Persistence Of The Glass Ceiling In Academia Globally With A Focus On Women Academics In Kenyan Universities, Bhoke Chacha

Journal of International Women's Studies

Despite the existence of elaborate legal frameworks in Kenya that guarantee gender equity in all spheres of life, women academics in Kenyan universities still encounter many roadblocks in their quest to become professors. One position that has dominated recent discourse regarding the promotion of women in Kenyan universities is that women have generally arrived late into academia. It is also argued that the conflict between women’s traditional roles at home and productive work interferes with academic leadership. This paper offers a rebuttal of these arguments, and gives empirical statistics on the number of women PhDs that have come through the …

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Contextualizing The Politics Of Ten-Household Cluster Initiatives (Nyumba Kumi) For Human Security In Kenya, Edmond M. Were, Paul A. Opondo Feb 2021

Contextualizing The Politics Of Ten-Household Cluster Initiatives (Nyumba Kumi) For Human Security In Kenya, Edmond M. Were, Paul A. Opondo

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

National security has been a preserve of the State to the detriment of the welfare of the masses. Human security on the other hand incorporates the basic security elements that are globally recognized and touch on the daily lives of the masses. The Ten Household Cluster Initiatives that have been practiced in East Asia, Caribbean and parts of Western Europe and adapted in Eastern Africa are an avenue through which human security can be addressed though they are tightly controlled by the state and characterized by human rights flaws. Their rationalization is anchored in theories of individualism and communitarianism that …

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Climate, Vegetation, And Weathering Across Space And Time In Lake Tanganyika (Tropical Eastern Africa), Sarah J. Ivory, Michael M. Mcglue, Cara Peterman, Patrick Baldwin, Joseph Lucas, Andrew Cohen, James Russell, Justina Saroni, Emma Msaky, Ishmael Kimirei, Michael Soreghan Feb 2021

Climate, Vegetation, And Weathering Across Space And Time In Lake Tanganyika (Tropical Eastern Africa), Sarah J. Ivory, Michael M. Mcglue, Cara Peterman, Patrick Baldwin, Joseph Lucas, Andrew Cohen, James Russell, Justina Saroni, Emma Msaky, Ishmael Kimirei, Michael Soreghan

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Climate and vegetation influence weathering rates and processes; however, evaluating the effects of each and feedbacks between systems, has yet to be accomplished for many types of landscapes. A detailed understanding of how these processes interact to shape landscapes is particularly crucial for reconciling future scenarios of changing climate, where profound alterations to both the biosphere and geosphere are anticipated. In the tropics, ecosystem services, such as soil and water quality, are linked to both vegetation and weathering processes that form a strong control on natural resources that are the foundation of many communities’ daily subsistence. This understanding is further …

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World Transit Research February 2021 Newsletter, Institute Of Transport Studies Monash University Feb 2021

World Transit Research February 2021 Newsletter, Institute Of Transport Studies Monash University

World Transit Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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