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2021

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A Conceptual Framework For Social, Behavioral, And Environmental Change Through Stakeholder Engagement In Water Resource Management, Weston M. Eaton, Kathryn J. Brasier, Mark E. Burbach, Walt Whitmer, Elyzabeth W. Engle, Morey Burnham, Barbara Quimby, Anil Kumar Chaudhary, Hannah Whitley, Jodi Delozier, Lara B. Fowler, Amber Wutich, Julia C. Bausch, Melissa Beresford, C. Clare Hinrichs, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Heather E. Preisendanz, Clinton Williams, Jack Watson, Jason Weigle Jan 2021

A Conceptual Framework For Social, Behavioral, And Environmental Change Through Stakeholder Engagement In Water Resource Management, Weston M. Eaton, Kathryn J. Brasier, Mark E. Burbach, Walt Whitmer, Elyzabeth W. Engle, Morey Burnham, Barbara Quimby, Anil Kumar Chaudhary, Hannah Whitley, Jodi Delozier, Lara B. Fowler, Amber Wutich, Julia C. Bausch, Melissa Beresford, C. Clare Hinrichs, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Heather E. Preisendanz, Clinton Williams, Jack Watson, Jason Weigle

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Incorporating stakeholder engagement into environmental management may help in the pursuit of novel approaches for addressing complex water resource problems. However, evidence about how and under what circumstances stakeholder engagement enables desirable changes remains elusive. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for studying social and environmental changes possible through stakeholder engagement in water resource management, from inception to outcomes. We synthesize concepts from multiple literatures to provide a framework for tracing linkages from contextual conditions, through engagement process design features, to social learning, community capacity building, and behavioral change at individual, group, and group network levels, and ultimately …

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Observations Of Sweep–Ejection Dynamics For Heat And Momentum Fluxes During Wildland Fires In Forested And Grassland Environments, Warren E. Heilman, Tirtha Banerjee, Craig B. Clements, Kenneth L. Clark, Shiyuan Zhong, Xindi Bian Jan 2021

Observations Of Sweep–Ejection Dynamics For Heat And Momentum Fluxes During Wildland Fires In Forested And Grassland Environments, Warren E. Heilman, Tirtha Banerjee, Craig B. Clements, Kenneth L. Clark, Shiyuan Zhong, Xindi Bian

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The vertical turbulent transfer of heat and momentum in the lower atmospheric boundary layer is accom-plished through intermittent sweep, ejection, outward interaction, and inward interaction events associated with turbulent updrafts and downdrafts. These events, collectively referred to as sweep–ejection dynamics, have been studied extensively in forested and nonforested environments and reported in the literature. However, little is known about the sweep–ejection dynamics that occur in response to turbulence regimes induced by wildland fires in forested and nonforested environments. This study attempts to fill some of that knowledge gap through analyses of turbulence data previously collected during three wildland (prescribed) fires …

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Malware Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory Models, Dennis Dang, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp Jan 2021

Malware Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory Models, Dennis Dang, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Signature and anomaly based techniques are the quintessential approaches to malware detection. However, these techniques have become increasingly ineffective as malware has become more sophisticated and complex. Researchers have therefore turned to deep learning to construct better performing model. In this paper, we create four different long-short term memory (LSTM) based models and train each to classify malware samples from 20 families. Our features consist of opcodes extracted from malware executables. We employ techniques used in natural language processing (NLP), including word embedding and bidirection LSTMs (biLSTM), and we also use convolutional neural networks (CNN). We find that a model …

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Malware Classification With Gmm-Hmm Models, Jing Zhao, Samanvitha Basole, Mark Stamp Jan 2021

Malware Classification With Gmm-Hmm Models, Jing Zhao, Samanvitha Basole, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Discrete hidden Markov models (HMM) are often applied to malware detection and classification problems. However, the continuous analog of discrete HMMs, that is, Gaussian mixture model-HMMs (GMM-HMM), are rarely considered in the field of cybersecurity. In this paper, we use GMM-HMMs for malware classification and we compare our results to those obtained using discrete HMMs. As features, we consider opcode sequences and entropy-based sequences. For our opcode features, GMM-HMMs produce results that are comparable to those obtained using discrete HMMs, whereas for our entropy-based features, GMM-HMMs generally improve significantly on the classification results that we have achieved with discrete HMMs.

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A New Dataset For Smartphone Gesture-Based Authentication, Elliu Huang, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp, Preethi Sundaravaradhan Jan 2021

A New Dataset For Smartphone Gesture-Based Authentication, Elliu Huang, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp, Preethi Sundaravaradhan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In this paper, we consider the problem of authentication on a smartphone, based on gestures. Specifically, the gestures consist of users holding a smartphone while writing their initials in the air. Accelerometer data from 80 subjects was collected and we provide a preliminary analysis of this data using machine learning techniques. The machine learning techniques considered include principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVM). The results presented here are intended to provide a baseline for additional research based on our dataset.

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Malware Classification With Word Embedding Features, Aparna Sunil Kale, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp Jan 2021

Malware Classification With Word Embedding Features, Aparna Sunil Kale, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Malware classification is an important and challenging problem in information security. Modern malware classification techniques rely on machine learning models that can be trained on features such as opcode sequences, API calls, and byte n-grams, among many others. In this research, we consider opcode features. We implement hybrid machine learning techniques, where we engineer feature vectors by training hidden Markov models—a technique that we refer to as HMM2Vec—and Word2Vec embeddings on these opcode sequences. The resulting HMM2Vec and Word2Vec embedding vectors are then used as features for classification algorithms. Specifically, we consider support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), random …

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Proton Pump Inhibitors And Chronic Kidney Disease: Reevaluating The Evidence From A Randomized Controlled Trial, B. Burt Gerstman Jan 2021

Proton Pump Inhibitors And Chronic Kidney Disease: Reevaluating The Evidence From A Randomized Controlled Trial, B. Burt Gerstman

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

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Typology Emerges From Simplicity In Representations And Learning, Dakotah Lambert, Jonathan Rawski, Jeffrey Heinz Jan 2021

Typology Emerges From Simplicity In Representations And Learning, Dakotah Lambert, Jonathan Rawski, Jeffrey Heinz

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We derive well-understood and well-studied subregular classes of formal languages purely from the computational perspective of algorithmic learning problems. We parameterise the learning problem along dimensions of representation and inference strategy. Of special interest are those classes of languages whose learning algorithms are necessarily not prohibitively expensive in space and time, since learners are often exposed to adverse conditions and sparse data. Learned natural language patterns are expected to be most like the patterns in these classes, an expectation supported by previous typological and linguistic research in phonology. A second result is that the learning algorithms presented here are completely …

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Follow The Scientists? How Beliefs About The Practice Of Science Shaped Covid-19 Views, Thomas G. Safford, Emily H. Whitmore, Lawrence C. Hamilton Jan 2021

Follow The Scientists? How Beliefs About The Practice Of Science Shaped Covid-19 Views, Thomas G. Safford, Emily H. Whitmore, Lawrence C. Hamilton

Faculty Publications

“Follow the science” became the mantra for responding to COVID-19 pandemic. However, for the public this also meant “follow the scientists,” and this led to uneasiness as some viewed scientists as not credible. We investigate how beliefs about the way scientists develop their findings affect pandemic-related views. Our analysis shows that beliefs about scientists’ objectivity predict views regrading coronavirus-related risks, behavioral changes, and policy priorities. While political party identity also predicts views about COVID-19-related concerns, these vary by political leaders whose approaches embraced versus dismissed science based strategies, highlighting the importance of perceptions of scientists in shaping pandemic related attitudes …

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The Americanization Of Sport For Development And Peace: Examining American Sdp Intern Experiences, Michael S. Dao, Jessica W. Chin Jan 2021

The Americanization Of Sport For Development And Peace: Examining American Sdp Intern Experiences, Michael S. Dao, Jessica W. Chin

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This study expands the Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) research focusing on the impact of national values and ideas on SDP program implementation. As SDP interns are instrumental in implementing many SDP programs, it is important to identify how their national values and ideas affect their work in the field. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of Americans who had worked as SDP interns. Through the lens of Americanization, we examine the reproduction and distribution of values and ideas of American SDP interns working abroad. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 former American SDP …

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The Dialectic Of Presence And Interpretation In Everyday Aesthetics: Applying Heidegger And Gumbrecht To A Walk In One’S Neighborhood, Thomas Leddy Jan 2021

The Dialectic Of Presence And Interpretation In Everyday Aesthetics: Applying Heidegger And Gumbrecht To A Walk In One’S Neighborhood, Thomas Leddy

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Gumbrecht’s Heidegger-inspired book, Production of Presence, provides valuable tools for resolving issues in everyday aesthetics. Gumbrecht distinguishes between “presence cultures” and “interpretation cultures.” (Gumbrecht 2004) We live in an interpretation culture, and yet even in our culture there are presence effects. Gumbrecht understands aesthetic experience in terms of the idea of presence. His paradigms are great works of art and great athletic events, all of which take us away from the everyday. I argue that his theory can be adapted, ironically, to everyday aesthetics, in particular to the experience of taking a walk. Much of what we experience aesthetically while …

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Sent Out Or Sent Home: Understanding Racial Disparities Across Suspension Types From Critical Race Theory And Quantcrit Perspectives, Yolanda Anyon, Kathryn Wiley, Ceema Samimi, Miguel Trujillo Jan 2021

Sent Out Or Sent Home: Understanding Racial Disparities Across Suspension Types From Critical Race Theory And Quantcrit Perspectives, Yolanda Anyon, Kathryn Wiley, Ceema Samimi, Miguel Trujillo

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Although in-school suspensions may be viewed as less severe than out-of-school suspensions, both discipline consequences limit students’ access to learning opportunities and are negatively associated with a range of educational outcomes. Moreover, if sending students out of class perpetuates the same racial disparities as sending them home, this practice does not realize the equity goals of discipline reforms over the last decade. Our study draws on Critical Race Theory and QuantCrit to understand racial discipline gaps across in-school and out-of-school suspensions using data from students and schools in one large district. Results of multilevel regression models indicate similar racial disparities …

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A Theory Of Reciting As Asian American Buddhist Practice: The Young Buddhist Editorial As A Discursive Site Of Recitation, Funie Hsu Jan 2021

A Theory Of Reciting As Asian American Buddhist Practice: The Young Buddhist Editorial As A Discursive Site Of Recitation, Funie Hsu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This article contributes a theory of reciting as Asian American Buddhist practice. I argue that when Asian American Buddhists share their stories and experiences, they perform a critical form of religious reciting. This reciting articulates the reality of Asian American Buddhist existence amidst ongoing legacies of exclusion. It displaces the predominance of narratives about Asian American Buddhists told by others. Moreover, reciting forges networks of knowledge, recognition, and sangha amongst Asian American Buddhists. This article then investigates the recently established web platform, The Young Buddhist Editorial (YBE), as an example of the layered reciting practices amongst young Asian American Buddhists. …

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Centrality Of Youth Engagement In Media Involvement, Yoshitaka Iwasaki Jan 2021

Centrality Of Youth Engagement In Media Involvement, Yoshitaka Iwasaki

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Contextualized within the popularity of new media, youth engagement is a very important concept in the practice of public involvement. Guided by the current literature on youth engagement and media studies, this chapter examines the key engagement-related notions involving youth and media usage. Being informed by a variety of case studies on youth engagement through the use of media within various contexts globally, the chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges of engaging youth through media involvement. The specific notions covered in this chapter include (1) the role of “hybrid” media in youth engagement, (2) “intersectionality” illustrating the diversity of youth …

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Financial Literacy, Experience, And Age Differences In Monetary Sequence Preferences, Jenna M. Wilson Jan 2021

Financial Literacy, Experience, And Age Differences In Monetary Sequence Preferences, Jenna M. Wilson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The emerging research on age differences in monetary sequence preferences suggests that older adults make decisions that are normatively correct from the standpoint of economic theory when choosing to receive larger versus smaller amounts of money sooner than later, but make non-optimal decisions about paying money. In an adult life-span sample (N = 594, aged 20-88, Mage = 46.48, SD= 15.16) recruited through MTurk, the present study examined age differences in monetary sequence preferences. Participants received eight hypothetical scenarios that described monetary events, and completed measures of financial literacy and financial experience. Older age was associated with …

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Estimating Primary Forest Attributes And Rare Community Characteristics Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas): An Enrichment Of Conventional Forest Inventories, Benjamin T. Fraser, Russell G. Congalton Jan 2021

Estimating Primary Forest Attributes And Rare Community Characteristics Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas): An Enrichment Of Conventional Forest Inventories, Benjamin T. Fraser, Russell G. Congalton

Faculty Publications

The techniques for conducting forest inventories have been established over centuries of land management and conservation. In recent decades, however, compelling new tools and methodologies in remote sensing, computer vision, and data science have offered innovative pathways for enhancing the effectiveness and comprehension of these sampling designs. Now with the aid of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and advanced image processing techniques, we have never been closer to mapping forests at field-based inventory scales. Our research, conducted in New Hampshire on complex mixed-species forests, used natural color UAS imagery for estimating individual tree diameters (diameter at breast height (dbh)) as well …

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Life Cycle Environmental And Economic Comparison Of Water Droplet Machining And Traditional Abrasive Waterjet Cutting, Giovanni Guglielmi, Benjamin Mitchell, Cuihong Song, Brad L. Kinsey, Weiwei Mo Jan 2021

Life Cycle Environmental And Economic Comparison Of Water Droplet Machining And Traditional Abrasive Waterjet Cutting, Giovanni Guglielmi, Benjamin Mitchell, Cuihong Song, Brad L. Kinsey, Weiwei Mo

Faculty Publications

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting is a manufacturing technique, which uses a high-speed waterjet as the transport medium for abrasive particles to erode and cut through metal workpieces. The use of abrasives has significant environmental impacts and leads to the high operating costs of AWJ cutting. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether other metal cutting approaches can perform the same tasks with reduced environmental and economic impacts. One such manufacturing innovation is water droplet machining (WDM). In this process, the waterjet, which is immersed in a sub-atmospheric pressure environment, is discretized into a train of high velocity water droplets, which …

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