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2021

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Tissue-Specific H2bub1 Is Required For Cardiomyocyte Development, Syndi Marissa Barish Oct 2021

Tissue-Specific H2bub1 Is Required For Cardiomyocyte Development, Syndi Marissa Barish

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Currently, the most common birth defect is congenital heart disease (CHD). Whole-exome sequencing of CHD patients identified variants affecting chromatin modifier genes, which contribute to 2.3% of CHD. De-novo mutations affecting the core complex (RNF20, RNF40 and UBE2B) required for the monoubiquitination of H2B on K120 (H2Bub1) are enriched in CHD patients. This complex has many cellular roles, such as stem cell differentiation, but no described role in cardiac morphogenesis. This body of work describes the role of H2Bub1 in heart development in vivo in mice and in vitro in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. The patient variant …

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The Role Of Post-Translational Modifications In The Fate Of Nascent Tail-Anchored Membrane Proteins, Jacob Andrew Culver Oct 2021

The Role Of Post-Translational Modifications In The Fate Of Nascent Tail-Anchored Membrane Proteins, Jacob Andrew Culver

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Membrane proteins contain hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TMDs) which reside in the nonpolar section of cellular membranes. The synthesis of the majority of membrane proteins in eukaryotes is routed through the co-translational insertion pathway. As they are translating nascent membrane proteins, ribosomes are delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where the new membrane protein is co-translationally inserted directly into the membrane as it emerges from the ribosome exit tunnel. Thus, newly translated hydrophobic TMDs are never released into the aqueous cytosol. However, exceptions to the co-translational insertion route exist. Certain membrane proteins are released into the cytosol and must be captured …

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Nitrogen Cycle Chemistry With Metal-Pincer Complexes Relevant To Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation, Gannon Patrick Connor Oct 2021

Nitrogen Cycle Chemistry With Metal-Pincer Complexes Relevant To Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation, Gannon Patrick Connor

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The large-scale industrial fixation of N2 to NH3 through the Haber-Bosch process has cemented itself as the primary means to provide N for fertilizer and commodity chemicals globally. However, our dependence on this process is unsustainable in the long term due to its reliance on fossil fuels to generate H2 and to provide the substantial energy input for the reaction, paired with high infrastructure requirements that necessitate centralized synthesis plants and sophisticated transportation networks. As an alternative, electrochemical fixation of N2, coupling water oxidation to provide proton (H+) and electron (e–) equivalents with the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) to achieve …

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Determination And Application Of Hydrogen Transfer Thermochemistry: Studies Of Molecules, Nanoparticles, And Metallic Electrodes, Rishi Agarwal Oct 2021

Determination And Application Of Hydrogen Transfer Thermochemistry: Studies Of Molecules, Nanoparticles, And Metallic Electrodes, Rishi Agarwal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

From the surface of a platinized electrode in a hydrogen fuel cell to the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II, the binding and transfer of hydrogen is central to many important chemical transformations in our world. The core thermochemical and kinetic concepts which connect these proton-coupled electron transfers across a continuum of compound sizes, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and bulk materials, are explored. In Chapter 1, an introduction to the thermochemical basis for this thesis is presented, along with the underlying connections it enables for studying hydrogen transfer across thermochemical and electrochemical reactions, as well as gas and solution phase reactivity.Methods …

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Integrative Computational Methodologies On Single Cell Datasets, Wenxuan Deng Oct 2021

Integrative Computational Methodologies On Single Cell Datasets, Wenxuan Deng

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

High throughput single cell sequencing has seen exciting developments in recent years. With its high resolution characterization of genetics, genomics, proteomics, and epigenomics features, single cell data offer more insights on the underlying biological processes than those from bulk sequencing data. The most well developed single cell technologies are single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) on transcriptomics and flow cytometry on proteomics. Many multi-omics single cell sequencing platforms have also emerged recently, such as CITE-seq, which profiles both epitope and transcriptome simultaneously. But some well known limitations of single cell data, such as batch variations, shallow sequencing depth, and sparsity also present …

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Computational Principles Of Multiple-Task Learning In Humans And Artificial Neural Networks, Daniel Benjamin Ehrlich Oct 2021

Computational Principles Of Multiple-Task Learning In Humans And Artificial Neural Networks, Daniel Benjamin Ehrlich

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

While humans can learn to perform many specific and highly specialized behaviors,perhaps what is most unique about human cognitive capabilities is their capacity to generalize, to share information across contexts and adapt to the myriad problems that can arise in complex environments. While it is possible to imagine agents who learn to deal with each challenge they experience separately, humans instead integrate new situations into the framework of the tasks they have experienced in their life, allowing them to reuse insight and strategies across them. Yet the precise forms of shared representations across tasks, as well as computational principles for …

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Mechanisms Of Pierce's Disease Resistance In Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.): From Xylem Structure To Whole Plant Function, Ana Clara Fanton Oct 2021

Mechanisms Of Pierce's Disease Resistance In Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.): From Xylem Structure To Whole Plant Function, Ana Clara Fanton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a xylem-dwelling bacterium that causes Pierce’s disease (PD) in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), and disease in a range of other ecologically and economically important woody plants. To successfully colonize the xylem network, Xf cells accumulate on the vessel walls and form a biofilm. The biofilm contains cell wall-degrading enzymes, allowing the bacteria to breach the intervessel pit membranes. Thus, Xf can move from one vessel to another and colonize the xylem network. Degraded intervessel pit membranes and the production of tyloses in response to the presence of Xf likely contribute to significant declines in both hydraulic …

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Mapping A Functional Cancer Genome Atlas, Ryan Dz-Wei Chow Oct 2021

Mapping A Functional Cancer Genome Atlas, Ryan Dz-Wei Chow

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Over the past decade, tremendous resources have been devoted to sequencing the genomes of patient cancers. But while the molecular portraits of cancer are now in higher resolution than ever before, it has remained challenging to derive clinically actionable insights from these data. A central issue is that tumor genome sequencing often can only tell us what mutations are present, not which ones are functionally important. Towards this end, I sought to build an improved toolkit for functional cancer genomics, with the overarching goal of creating experimental platforms that are practical, scalable, and flexible. In collaboration with several colleagues, I …

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Relational Morality, Brian D. Earp Oct 2021

Relational Morality, Brian D. Earp

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Contemporary work in moral psychology has focused on judgments concerning interactions between strangers. However, it increasingly is recognized that much of human moral judgment takes place in the context of -- and is shaped by -- multiple more familiar social relationships, such as parent-child, teacher-student, close friends, long-term romantic partners, neighbors, teammates, and so on. In this dissertation, I show how such relationships are associated with distinctive patterns of socially prescribed cooperative functions (such as care, hierarchy, or mating), which can be used to predict out-of-sample moral judgments of both blame and praise regarding various actions in relational context. I …

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The Organismal And Evolutionary Determinants Of Siphonophore Predation, Alejandro Damian Serrano Oct 2021

The Organismal And Evolutionary Determinants Of Siphonophore Predation, Alejandro Damian Serrano

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The open-ocean midwater is the largest habitat for animal life on Earth, and one of the most homogeneous environments in space and time. However, these waters harbor complex food webs involving predatory animals from manifold phyla, presenting unique adaptations to capturing the scarce prey resources. These conditions create a natural laboratory, with minimal abiotic disturbances, where interspecific interactions such as predation play a major role in shaping community dynamics and the evolution of form and function. Siphonophores play a central role in midwater food webs feeding across multiple trophic levels on different prey phyla (i.e. jellyfish, crustaceans, worms, fishes). Like …

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Statistical Methods For Identifying Genetic Risk Factors Of Lung Diseases, Ming Chen Oct 2021

Statistical Methods For Identifying Genetic Risk Factors Of Lung Diseases, Ming Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Great efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of complex diseases. Besides studying environmental factors and lifestyles, it is imperative to find disease causal genes. With the development of sequencing technology and the rapid accumulation of diverse types of high-throughput biological data, a promising direction to identify disease genes is through data integration. Genes affect diseases through different biological activities. Integrating different biological data can improve the power of gene discovery and the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. In recent years, a great number of omics databases have become available. Methods for multi-omics data integration have successfully improved the statistical …

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The Dna Mismatch Repair Pathway Affects Atr Activation Upon Temozolomide Treatment In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Sachita Ganesa Oct 2021

The Dna Mismatch Repair Pathway Affects Atr Activation Upon Temozolomide Treatment In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Sachita Ganesa

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In many solid tumors, methylation status of the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter is a prognostic biomarker for treatment with the alkylator, temozolomide (TMZ). In the absence of promoter methylation, the MGMT enzyme removes O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) lesions. However, in the setting of MGMT-promoter methylation (MGMT-), the O6-meG lesion activates the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway which functions to remove the damage. Our group previously reported that MGMT- promoter methylation affects activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3 related protein (ATR) in response to TMZ treatment. Whether or not MMR proteins are involved in ATR activation in the context of MGMT-promoter methylation …

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From Eyes To Minds: Perceiving Perception, And Attending To Attention, Clara Colombatto Oct 2021

From Eyes To Minds: Perceiving Perception, And Attending To Attention, Clara Colombatto

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The most important visual stimuli that we encounter in everyday life may be other people, and in particular their eyes. We constantly monitor (and follow) where others are looking, and hundreds of studies have stressed the importance of eyes as uniquely powerful visual stimuli. This dissertation argues otherwise: The eyes are special only insofar as they signal deeper properties about the minds behind them—namely the nature and direction of others’ attention and intentions. We empirically support this view in two ways: First, in studies of ‘minds without eyes’, we demonstrate how well-known gaze effects (such as prioritized processing of eye …

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Expanding The Reliable Paleomagnetic Constraints On Configurations Of Pre-Pangean Supercontinents, Zheng Gong Oct 2021

Expanding The Reliable Paleomagnetic Constraints On Configurations Of Pre-Pangean Supercontinents, Zheng Gong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Supercontinents embody perhaps the longest cyclic process on our planet, profoundly influencing the evolution of Earth’s biosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere on timescales of hundred-million years or more. Yet, the configurations of pre-Pangean supercontinents, Rodinia, Nuna, and/or Kenorland, as well as their transition processes remain the subjects of debate, hampering the understanding of the interactions between the global tectonics and Earth’s evolution in deep time. Compared to other approaches, paleomagnetism is the only quantitative method to reconstruct pre-Pangean supercontinents in an absolute paleogeographic framework. However, a recent summary of global paleomagnetic data of Precambrian age reveals two problems. First is that …

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New Roles For Small Noncoding Rnas In Germline Development: Maternal Piwi And Pirnas Specifically Protect The Fertility Of Female Progeny, Lauren Gonzalez Oct 2021

New Roles For Small Noncoding Rnas In Germline Development: Maternal Piwi And Pirnas Specifically Protect The Fertility Of Female Progeny, Lauren Gonzalez

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The long-term survival of a species depends on the integrity of its genetic material and the inheritance of that genetic material across generations. In sexually-reproducing organisms, these processes are carried out by the germline: the tissue that produces eggs in females or sperm in males. PIWI proteins and their associated small noncoding piRNAs have been well-characterized for their roles in protecting genome integrity in the germline and promoting the self-renewal of germline stem cells, which support the continual production of eggs or sperm. In Drosophila, maternally-expressed PIWI proteins and piRNAs are also enriched in the germ plasm, the posterior region …

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Rise Of The Modern Mediatrix: The Feminization Of Media And Mediating Labor, 1865-1945, Leana Hirschfeld-Kroen Oct 2021

Rise Of The Modern Mediatrix: The Feminization Of Media And Mediating Labor, 1865-1945, Leana Hirschfeld-Kroen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation uncovers a vast archive of fictional female telegraph, telephone, and typewriter girls, combining rigorous historical research with feminist, psychoanalytic readings of mass cultural texts to show how the global gendering of low-level communication work shaped modern media. It begins in the United States, where women first performed this work, and explores three further national contexts (France, Germany, and Britain) where female operators and typists circulated as media icons of techno-social connection in an increasingly atomized age. The title “modern mediatrix” describes the essential mediating role white-collar woman workers have played in modern media infrastructure, from switchboard to editing …

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Risk Reduction Regarding Stigmatized And Marginalized Communities, Navin Kumar Oct 2021

Risk Reduction Regarding Stigmatized And Marginalized Communities, Navin Kumar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

While there are several perspectives on marginalization, there are multiple marginalized individuals, social groups, and communities globally. This process of marginalization produces individuals, groups and communities which are refused complete privileges, rights, and power within the broader political and social framework. Social, cultural, biological, and economic factors can thus be used as yardsticks to marginalize individuals and communities. Marginalization can be based on gender, race and ethnicity, social class, and sexuality, among others. Clearly, marginalized communities face poorer health outcomes and these outcomes are sometimes linked to risky behaviors more prevalent in such demographics. Marginalization is associated with reduced health …

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Optimization Of Orthogonal Translation Systems Enhances Access To The Human Phosphoproteome, Jack Michael Moen Oct 2021

Optimization Of Orthogonal Translation Systems Enhances Access To The Human Phosphoproteome, Jack Michael Moen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that governs signaling cascades and protein-protein interactions. Orthogonal translation systems, in which an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA pair have been repurposed for insertion of a non-standard amino acid, have been developed for co-translational insertion of phospho-amino acids. Here, we systematically developed variants of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine orthogonal translation systems to minimize cellular toxicity and maximize translational fidelity. We characterized novel tRNA constructs to enhance cellular fitness and change decoding functionality. Multiple genetic background strains were developed to enhance the incorporation of phospho-amino acids into recombinant proteins. Utilizing large-scale DNA synthesis, we were …

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The Roles Of Polyploidy, Climate, And Genetic Architecture In The Evolution Of Leaf Form In Viburnum (Adoxaceae), Morgan Kirstin Moeglein Oct 2021

The Roles Of Polyploidy, Climate, And Genetic Architecture In The Evolution Of Leaf Form In Viburnum (Adoxaceae), Morgan Kirstin Moeglein

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Plants exhibit extensive variation in leaf form, but the evolutionary drivers of this variation are not well understood. This dissertation leverages the wide diversity of leaf form and instances of leaf syndrome convergence in Viburnum to investigate trends in leaf trait evolution across the group. First, I explore how changes in chromosome number and genome size influence leaf characters of ecophysiological importance. It appears that even with extensive variation in chromosome number and genome size across Viburnum, nucleotypic changes largely do not constrain leaf traits related to ecophysiological function. I then look into a case of convergent evolution for leaf …

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On Neuroscience-Inspired Statistical And Computational Problems, Zifan Li Oct 2021

On Neuroscience-Inspired Statistical And Computational Problems, Zifan Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Recent years have witnessed a surge of problems lying at the intersection of statistics andneuroscience. In this thesis, we explore various statistical and computational problems that are inspired by neuroscience. This thesis consists of two main parts, each inspired by a different system in the brain. In the first part, we study problems related to the visual system. In Chapter 2, we investigate the problem of estimating the collision time of a looming object using a theoretical formulation based on statistical hypothesis testing. In Chapter 3, we build computational models for the compound eye of Drosophila, and analyze how the …

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Characterization Of Postoperative Recovery After Cardiac Surgery- Insights Into Predicting Individualized Recovery Pattern, Makoto Mori Oct 2021

Characterization Of Postoperative Recovery After Cardiac Surgery- Insights Into Predicting Individualized Recovery Pattern, Makoto Mori

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Understanding the patterns of postoperative recovery after cardiac surgery is important from several perspectives: to facilitate patient-centered treatment decision making, to inform health care policy targeted to improve postoperative recovery, and to guide patient care after cardiac surgery. Our works aimed to address the following: 1) to summarize existing approaches to measuring and reporting postoperative recovery after cardiac surgery, 2) to develop a framework to efficiently measure patient-reported outcome measures to understand longitudinal recovery process, and 3) to explore ways to summarize the longitudinal recovery data in an actionable way, and 4) to evaluate whether addition of patient information generated …

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Investigating The Effect Of Allostery On Downstream Biology Of The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Deepto Mozumdar Oct 2021

Investigating The Effect Of Allostery On Downstream Biology Of The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Deepto Mozumdar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of human proteins with a critical role in transducing diverse extracellular chemical information to initiate multiple cellular signaling cascade in the cell that are essential for normal cell development. Aberrant activation of this receptor via mutation or overexpression misregulates this flow of information and is implicated in a multiple human carcinoma. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which chemical information is encoded and decoded in EGFR is imperative both from a basic cell biology and therapeutic standpoint. In this thesis consisting of four chapters, …

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Investigation Of Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly And Nuclear Envelope Growth In C. Elegans Embryos, Michael Sean Mauro Oct 2021

Investigation Of Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly And Nuclear Envelope Growth In C. Elegans Embryos, Michael Sean Mauro

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The nucleus is the defining organelle of eukaryotic cells and compartmentalizes the genome from the rest of the cytoplasm. Compartmentalization is achieved by the nuclear envelope (NE), which is comprised of the inner and outer nuclear membranes. At fusion points are nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which facilitate the transport of macromolecules across the NE. In metazoan cells that undergo open mitosis, the NE and NPCs disassemble to allow for chromosome segregation. With the completion of mitosis, the process must be reversed, and a new nucleus is formed. How thousands of NPCs rapidly assemble to form a functional NE is not …

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Integrating Genomics With The Fossil Record To Explore The Evolutionary History Of Echinoidea, Nicolas Mongiardino Koch Oct 2021

Integrating Genomics With The Fossil Record To Explore The Evolutionary History Of Echinoidea, Nicolas Mongiardino Koch

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Echinoidea constitutes one of five major clades of living echinoderms, marine animals uniquely characterized by a pentaradial symmetry. Approximately 1,000 living and 10,000 extinct species have been described, including many commonly known as sea urchins, heart urchins and sand dollars. Today, echinoids are ubiquitous in benthic marine environments, where they strongly affect the functioning of biodiverse communities such as coral reefs and kelp forests. Given the quality of their fossil record, their remarkable morphological complexity and our thorough understanding of their development, echinoids provide unparalleled opportunities to explore evolutionary questions in deep-time, providing access to the developmental and morphological underpinnings …

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Improving Surveillance Of Emerging Rna Viruses, Mary E. Petrone Oct 2021

Improving Surveillance Of Emerging Rna Viruses, Mary E. Petrone

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Effective surveillance of emerging RNA viruses is essential for public health andepidemiological research. Without identifying incident infections in an actionable time frame, the prevention of future infections becomes nearly impossible. This was exemplified at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, during which time only a small fraction of infected individuals was detected through surveillance, and the virus promptly spread across the country. Similarly, parameterizing informative epidemiological models requires accurate data. In the absence of effective surveillance and/or a clear understanding of where gaps in the system exist, efforts to better understand the dynamics of circulating viruses …

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The Rheology Of Striated Muscles, Khoi Dac Nguyen Oct 2021

The Rheology Of Striated Muscles, Khoi Dac Nguyen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Striated muscles are actuators of animal bodies. They are responsible for several biomechanical functions critical to survival and these include powering the cardiovascular system and modulating the mechanical interactions the body has with its surroundings. Nearly two centuries of active research on muscle phenomena has led to detailed insights into its microscopic composition, but accurate predictive models of muscle at larger scales remain elusive. This thesis reports on efforts to accurately capture the mechanical properties of striated muscles based on current knowledge of actomyosin dynamics. Specifically, this thesis derives the rheology of striated muscles from the dynamics. Muscle rheology is …

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Cost-Effectiveness Analyses Of Typhoid Interventions In Epidemic And Endemic Settings, Maile Thayer Phillips Oct 2021

Cost-Effectiveness Analyses Of Typhoid Interventions In Epidemic And Endemic Settings, Maile Thayer Phillips

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Background: Typhoid fever is a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, accounting for approximately 12-21 million infections, 119,000-269,000 deaths, and 2-23 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) annually. Typhoid fever is caused by infection with the bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, which is mainly transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. Due to these modes of transmission, most cases occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where sanitary conditions are poor and access to clean water and sanitation is not common. However, the scale of disease incidence is uncertain. Studies suggest that facility-based laboratory-confirmed estimates, the numbers …

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Development Of The Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Method For Applications To Molecular Electrocatalyst Systems, Patrick Schneider Oct 2021

Development Of The Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Method For Applications To Molecular Electrocatalyst Systems, Patrick Schneider

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Studies of molecular electrocatalysts often involve input from quantum chemical computations in the pursuit of catalyst design targeting several desirable features. To this end, conventional density functional theory (DFT) calculations have proven to be a good match with a reasonable balance between computational accuracy and cost. However, a multicomponent method that treats select nuclei on the same quantum mechanical level as electrons would be useful for a more proper treatment of nuclear quantum effects. Such a multicomponent DFT method has been developed in recent years within the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) framework. However, for the multicomponent method to be practically applied …

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Synthetic Studies Towards The Total Synthesis Of (–)-Lomaiviticin A, John A. Rose Oct 2021

Synthetic Studies Towards The Total Synthesis Of (–)-Lomaiviticin A, John A. Rose

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

(–)-Lomaiviticin A (1) is a complex C2-symmetric bacterial metabolite which was isolated from a fermentation broth of Salinispora DPJ-19 by He and co-workers in 2001. The structure of 1 was proposed through detailed analysis of NMR spectral data (Figure 1). Due to the presence of a diazotetrahydrobenzo[b]fluorene substructure, 1 belongs to a family of natural products often referred to as “diazofluorenes” among which the kinamycins (A, C, and F seen in Figure 1) are the earliest known members. (–)-Lomaiviticin A (1) is the most cytotoxic member of the diazofluorene family known with half maximal inhibitory potencies (IC50S) in the nanomolar …

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Interactions Among Species And Ecosystems Determine Their Responses To Scale-Specific Fluctuations, Franz Wesley Simon Oct 2021

Interactions Among Species And Ecosystems Determine Their Responses To Scale-Specific Fluctuations, Franz Wesley Simon

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Ecosystems are highly connected systems with many interacting components. Understanding the mechanisms creating ecosystem patterns requires an explicit consideration of the scales at which interactions among species and their environments occur. This dissertation focuses on the scale of temporal variability and how temporal variability is incorporated into communities’ dynamics. I first derive an abstract theory that describes the general patterns of variability propagation within communities. Next, I explore the role of species’ interaction strengths on community dynamics across time scales. Finally, I study the impact of human-induced hydrological changes of the Guadalquivir River on the European anchovy fishery in the …

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