Digital Commons Network^™

Adult Sensitivity: Parallels Between Language And Music Acquisition In Early Childhood, Jill Reese

Visions of Research in Music Education

Researchers, scholars, and educators recognize parallels between language and music. Early learning and development takes place in social contexts and is socially constructed through interaction among and between adults and young children. Though researchers have learned much about ontogenetic development by investigating behaviors of young children in decontextualized settings, social interactions are at the heart of language and music acquisition. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize and compare research on language and music acquisition and to recommend, based on that literature, a trajectory for music acquisition research. Specifically, this review of literature focuses on adult sensitivity (as …

Prediction Of Dry Matter Intake Based On Ruminal Degradation From Milking Cows Grazing Coast-Cross Grass, T. T. Berchielli, J. P. G. Soares, L. J. M. Aroeira, C. L. Furlan, A. K. D. Salman, R. N. Da Silveira, E. B. Malheiros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dry matter intake (DMI) of coast-cross grazing by crossbred Holstein-Zebu and Zebu lactating cows was calculated using in vitro dry matter digestibility from extrusa (four esophageal fistulated cows) and fecal output estimate with mordent chromium. Pasture was rotationally grazed with three days grazing period and 27 days resting period, adopting a stocking rate of 1.6 and 3.2 cows/ha, during the dry and rainy season respectively. Voluntary DMI was estimated from degradation characteristics using different equations. Predicted coast-cross DMI varied with models. The prediction of tropical forages dry matter intake from equations based in ruminal degradation parameters needs further investigation before …

Forage Quality, Yield And Palatability Of Quackgrass (Elytrigia Repens (L.) Nevski), T. Yagi, R. Meguro, E. Fukuda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski) is a competitive perennial invader of pastures and hay meadows which is frequently harvested as forage in mixtures with desired forage species. Field experiments were conducted to compare quackgrass with cool-season perennial grasses grown under the same soil and climatic conditions, in terms of forage quality, productivity, and palatability. The forage quality of the hays was influenced by the grass species. Quackgrass showed forage crude protein (CP) concentration that was equal to those of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and …

In Vitro Gas Production Technique To Predict Dmd Of Ensiled Forage Ruminant Based Diets, M. Wawrzkiewicz, J. L. Danelón, G. Jaurena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The in vitro gas production technique was used as a tool to develop an improved prediction model of dry matter digestibility of ensiled forage based diets. Eleven diets were tested through conventional experiments of in vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD). The same diets were evaluated by the in vitro gas production technique using a gas pressure transducer . The parameters of the model y = A - B Q^t Z^√t were calculated with data from the accumulated gas curves, i.e. y=cumulative gas production (ml), Q=e^-b, Z=e^-c, B=e^bT+c√T , being …

Amaranth Productivity And Nutrient Composition In Central Georgia, W. F. Whitehead, Thomas H. Terrill, B. P. Singh, S. Gelaye

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) may have potential as a forage for summer grazing in the southeastern United States (US). Six accessions of amaranth were harvested at bud stage in two successive growing seasons to evaluate growth characteristics, yield, and forage quality parameters. The accessions, three genotypes of A. tricolor (Hinchoy VL, RRC-701, RRC-1186) and one each of A. hybridus (RRC-843), A. cruentus (RRC-1034), and A. dubius (RRC-1186) were evaluated in 1994 and 1995 on a Dothan sandy loam (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) soil at the Fort Valley State University Research Station, Fort Valley, Georgia. The plots were planted …

Supplementation With Brosimum Alicastrum Swartz To Pelibuey Sheep Fed Low Quality Rations, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, V. Valdivia-Salgado, Juan C. Ku-Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of supplementing increasing levels of ramón (Brosimum alicastrum) foliage to Pelibuey sheep fed guinea grass (Panicum maximum) hay. Rate and extent of rumen degradation of organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of ramón foliage were high. Dry matter (DM) intake of the diet was increased by the inclusion of ramón foliage. However, rate and extent of digestion of guinea grass was not affected by the ramón foliage. Rate of passage of solid was linearly increased as a result of the inclusion of ramón foliage …

Is Conceptual Learning Based On Conceptual Change Text (Ctt) Effectively Applied To Pgsd Students' Science Classes?, Wati Sukmawati, Sri Lestari Handayani, Yeni Yeni

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

For Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) students, the introductory science concept course is part of the compulsory course. The understanding of PGSD students in basic science concepts will affect the quality of learning in the classroom. This research was conducted in odd semesters with 60 students who attended lectures on basic science concepts, and the sample selection was made randomly. To collect data on the effectiveness of the implementation of CCT, instruments used in the form of cognitive and clinical test questions have gone through validation and reliability tests. Students were divided into two groups in the study: the experimental …

A Study Of Interests And Science Process Skills, Retni Sulistiyoning Budiarti, Dwi Agus Kurniawan, Putri Ayu Rivani

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

This study aims to determine the differences and the relationship between interest and science process skills with 80 female students and 56 male students. This research uses quantitative methods so that this research is more systematic and objective. The sampling technique used in this study used simple random sampling. Analysis of the data used using hypotheses in the form of normality, linearity and homogeneity tests and assumption tests in the form of T test and correlation test. From the results of the T test and correlation test, it was found that there were differences and relationships between the sexes in …

Analisis Kedalaman Dan Keterkaitan Antar Konsep Pada Pembelajaran Ipa Di Masa Pandemi, Asita Al Mufida, Ari Widodo

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Paper ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan hasil analisis kedalaman dan keterkaitan antar konsep pada materi interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan dan materi pencemaran lingkungan yang disampaikan oleh guru kepada siswa SMP dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh. Guru yang menjadi subjek penelitian berjumlah tiga orang yang menggunakan media yang berbeda dalam menyampaikan materi. Guru pertama menggunakan kombinasi WhatsApp dan Google Classroom, Guru kedua menggunakan kombinasi WhatsApp dan Zoom, dan Guru ketiga menggunakan kombinasi WhatsApp dan E-learning sekolah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh ketiga guru dan materi yang disampaikan, serta didukung dengan hasil wawancara dengan guru. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, …

Meta-Analisis Pembelajaran Kooperatif Di Indonesia, Putri Utami, Kadir Kadir, Yanti Herlanti

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besar pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap pembelajaran Biologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah meta-analisis yaitu analisis hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dipublikasikan secara nasional yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap pembelajaran Biologi. Dari 70 jurnal mengenai pembelajaran kooperatif dianalisis lebih lanjut sebanyak lima belas jurnal nasional terakreditasi sinta 1 sampai 3 yang diterbitkan pada rentang tahun 2010-2019 pada jenjang SMP dan SMA, yang membahas penenelitian eksperimen penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap pembelajaran Biologi. Instrumen penulisan berupa lembar pengkodean yang merangkum data dan informasi jurnal. Berdasarkan analisis nilai pengaruh secara keseluruhan didapatkan nilai …

Mathematics Physics Learning E-Module: Differences In Perceptions And Interests Based On Gender, Astalini Astalini, Darmaji Darmaji, Dwi Agus Kurniawan, Riska Fitriani, Haerul Pathoni

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

This study aims to find out the differences in perception and interest of physics education students of FKIP Jambi University towards e-module Mathematics Physics reviewed based on gender differences. This research uses a type of quantitative research, namely survey research. The instrument that has been used is the perception questionnaire. Furthermore, the data obtained is analyzed using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics, namely assumption tests (normality tests and homogeneity tests) and hypothesis tests (one-way ANOVA tests) with Scheffe advanced tests. The instrument that has been used is the perception questionnaire. Furthermore, the data obtained is analyzed using descriptive statistics, and …

Ketepatan Pemilihan Pendekatan, Metode, Dan Media Terhadap Karakteristik Materi Ipa, Rusyda Mutanaffisah, Resmi Ningrum, Ari Widodo

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Abstrak: Paper ini memaparkan hasil analisis video kegiatan pembelajaran untuk membandingkan ketepatan pemilihan strategi pengajaran (pendekatan, metode, dan media) oleh tiga subjek penelitian yang memiliki jenjang karier berbeda. Ketiga subjek tersebut adalah mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan yang sedang melakukan simulasi di kelasnya, mahasiswa tingkat akhir yang sedang melakukan Program Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL), dan guru berpengalaman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa guru berpengalaman menggunakan pendekatan, metode, dan media yang tepat dan lebih variatif dibandingkan mahasiswa. Selain itu, guru berpengalaman cenderung lebih menguasai materi pembelajaran dan mampu mengaitkan pembelajaran dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini juga teramati pada mahasiswa PPL yang menggunakan fenomena sehari-hari sebagai …

The Effectiveness Of Discovery Learning Module Classification Of Materials And Its Changes To Enhance Critical Thinking Skills, Siti Rahmawati, Mohammad Masykuri, Sarwanto Sarwanto

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of natural science modules with discovery learning to enhance students' critical thinking skills in the topic of material classification and its changes. Critical thinking skills are one of the essential skills of the 21st century and are needed in various fields. Students with high critical thinking skills in general also can calculate various possibilities so that they can make decisions by applying logical thinking. Discovery learning trains students to build knowledge and develop student competencies independently. The research method was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent pretest and posttest control groups design. The sampling …

Pengembangan Modul Sistem Reproduksi Berbasis Berpikir Kritis Terintegrasi Nilai Islam Dan Kemuhammadiyahan, Sulton Nawawi, Tutik Fitri Wijayanti

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan adalah mengetahui karakteristik dan menguji kelayakan modul berpikir kritis terintegrasi nilai islam dan kemuhammadiyahan pada materi sistem reproduksi. Metode penelitian menggunakan Research & Development (R&D) dengan model Borg & Gall yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi tujuh tahap. Validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli materi, ahli perangkat dan evaluasi pembelajaran, ahli pengembangan dan desain modul, ahli bahasa, ahli Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan serta praktisi pembelajaran biologi. Subjek uji coba kelompok kecil adalah 30 mahasiswa semester 6 Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan: (1) produk dikembangkan merujuk pada aspek berpikir kritis menurut …

Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Dan Self Efficacy Peserta Didik: Dampak Pjbl - Stem Pada Materi Ekosistem, Tirka Rizal Allanta, Laila Puspita

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak PjBL dengan pendekatan STEM terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis dan self efficacy peserta didik. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis quasi experiment dengan Nonequivalent Control Group Design, melibatkan dua subjek penelitian yaitu experiment class and control class. Populasi penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X IPA SMA Gajah Mada Bandar Lampung. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 2 kelas, pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan test essay berpikir kritis dan angket skala likert. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan ANOVA test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pretes dan postes kelas …

Aplikasi Mobile Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Tes Prior Knowledge Mahasiswa Biologi, Ifa Muhimmatin, Iis Ni'matul Jannah

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi mobile berbasis android yang dapat digunakan sebagai media tes prior knowledge mahasiswa di mata kuliah sistematika tumbuhan. Aplikasi tersebut dinamakan SISTA. Pengembangan SISTA mengikuti model pengembangan 4D yang terdiri dari tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Development software yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan SISTA adalah MIT App Inventor 2 Ultimate versi 4.6. Subyek uji meliputi ahli pembelajaran, ahli media, ahli IT, dan mahasiswa dari tiga angkatan berbeda. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ialah persentase dan rerata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SISTA dinyatakan …

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Plgi Terhadap Kompetensi Literasi Sains Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan Akademik, Sri Lestari, Meti Indrowati, Dewi Puspita Sari

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh model pembelajaran Peer Led Guided Inquiry (PLGI) terhadap kompetensi literasi sains siswa, 2) pengaruh kemampuan akademik (tinggi, sedang dan rendah) terhadap kompetensi literasi sains siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah posttest-only group design dengan rancangan faktorial 2 x 3. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA N 2 Sukoharjo tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XI MIPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI MIPA 4 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. …

Praktik Kerja Biologi Di Masa New Normal Ditinjau Dari Aktivitas Dan Keterampilan Psikomotorik, Handi Darmawan, Henny Sulistiany, Mustika Sari

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas praktik kerja secara online dan offline ditinjau dari aktivitas belajar dan keterampilan psikomotorik mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain faktorial 2x2x2 pada mahasiswa semester tiga program studi Pendidikan Biologi IKIP PGRI Pontianak Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 35 orang yang mengikuti praktik kerja offline dan 25 orang yang mengikuti praktik kerja secara online yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik tes dan teknik non tes. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji Anova tiga jalur dengan sel tak sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata kelas offline …

Development Of A Quizmaker Ispring Approach Assessment Instrument To Measure Understanding Of Student Concepts, Desfion Mayuri, Prima Aswirna, Hurriyah Hurriyah

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

The purpose of this study is to produce a valid, practical and effective Ispring Quizmaker Application Assisted Instrument. The development model of the assessment instrument used is the Plomp model which includes three stages of development, namely: preliminary research (preliminary research), the development phase or prototype (development of prototypephase), and the assessment phase (Assessment phase). The results of the study have produced a valid, practical and effective Ispring Quizmaker application-assisted assessment instrument. The instrument is valid both in terms of material, construction, media and language with an average value of 78.76% with a very valid category. The practicality of the …

The Mentored Mentoring Approach To Lecturer- And Peer-Led Inter-Institutional Instruction Among Undergraduate Biomedical Science Students: A Case Study, Brigid Lucey, Róisín Spriggs, Katie O'Brien, Craig P. Murphy, Angela Wright

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Biomedical science undergraduate students of accredited biomedical science programmes in Ireland are training to become professional medical scientists who diagnose disease. Hence, there is a strong emphasis at undergraduate level on practical laboratory skills, scientific writing and continuing professional development. In October 2020, a student-led webinar was held whereby one fourth-year and one third-year undergraduate student, having engaged their lecturer-mentor, conducted a webinar for first- and second-year undergraduate students with the intention of demystifying the art of writing a high quality laboratory report. The webinar consisted of four elements, namely a presentation by each of the three organisers; the fourth …

Finite Element Analysis For Molar-Tooth Under Different Loading Conditions., Hamza Ghulman, Mohammed Al-Hazmi

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The molar tooth faces different loading conditions and stresses under environments of different temperatures, these loading conditions produces a major factors in weakness of the tooth structure. In addition, this cyclic loads will generate a fatigue failure for the tooth. So that, The objective of this study is to investigate of the stresses and deformations analysis for molar tooth using finite elements method. The study investigation is completed and achieve by using Finite Element package ANSYS. Furthermore, The results are illustrated in this study to investigate the stress analysis of the molar tooth under loading conditions with different angles, and …

Cryo-Em Structure Of Mechanosensitive Channel Ynai Using Sma2000: Challenges And Opportunities, Claudio Catalano, Danya Ben-Hail, Weihua Qiu, Paul Blount, Amedee Des Georges, Youzhong Guo

Publications and Research

Mechanosensitive channels respond to mechanical forces exerted on the cell membrane and play vital roles in regulating the chemical equilibrium within cells and their environment. Highresolution structural information is required to understand the gating mechanisms of mechanosensitive channels. Protein-lipid interactions are essential for the structural and functional integrity of mechanosensitive channels, but detergents cannot maintain the crucial native lipid environment for purified mechanosensitive channels. Recently, detergent-free systems have emerged as alternatives for membrane protein structural biology. This report shows that while membrane-active polymer, SMA2000, could retain some native cell membrane lipids on the transmembrane domain of the mechanosensitive-like YnaI channel, …

Biomedical Engineering Professor Researches Causes Behind Heart Disease, Lou Tyson

University of Mississippi News

Nikki Reinemann receives three-year grant from American Heart Association to pursue groundbreaking work

Investigating Plant Tolerance For The Management Of Insect Pests In Rice, James Michael Villegas

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most destructive and widespread insect pest of rice (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae) in the USA. This insect poses a global threat to rice production, having invaded rice-producing regions of Asia and Europe. Moreover, lepidopteran stemborers, particularly the invasive Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), are increasingly becoming problematic in Louisiana rice. Although insecticidal seed treatments have been widely used against weevils and stemborers, alternative management strategies are needed. Plants possess defense-related traits that both reduce injury from herbivores (resistance) and the amount of yield loss per …

Historical Dna Solves An Evolutionary Mystery And Explains The Origin Of A Novel Phenotype In The New World Quails, Jessie Frances Salter

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Observations of phenotypic diversity among closely-related organisms, especially those preserved as museum specimens, have driven the fields of systematics, taxonomy, and evolutionary biology for hundreds of years. In this dissertation, I used genomic data from modern and historical specimens to investigate the evolutionary processes that have generated phenotypic and genetic diversity in a highly polytypic group of birds, the New World quails (Odontophoridae), with a focus on the most phenotypically diverse member of this family: Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). To facilitate this work, I began by generating a highly contiguous reference genome assembly for Northern Bobwhites, which is …

Oncogenic Kras-Induced Feedback Inflammatory Signaling In Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview And New Therapeutic Opportunities, Sapana Bansod, Paarth B Dodhiawala, Kian-Huat Lim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains highly refractory to treatment. While the

Aqueous Formulations Of 1h-Cyclopropabenzene Modulate Ethylene Production And Fruit Quality In Japanese Plums, Poe N. Kyaw, Zora Singh, Vijay Y. Tokala

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The efficacy of aqueous formulations of 1H-cyclopropabenzene (BC) containing different adjuvants to retard ethylene production and maintain fruit quality of Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl. cvs. ‘Angeleno’, ‘Fortune’ and ‘Tegan Blue’) following 25 d and 40 d cold storage (1 °C) was evaluated. Plum fruit were sprayed with different solutions of 2 μM BC (i.e., aqueous solutions containing distilled water only or 5 % ethanol or 0.02 % Tween® 20 or 5 % β-cyclodextrin) or fumigated with 1 μM BC at ambient temperature. Plum fruit without any treatment were regarded as control. Regardless of the cultivars tested, all formulations of …

Musculoskeletal Responses To Exercise Plus Nutrition In Men With Prostate Cancer On Androgen Deprivation: A 12-Month Rct, Jack Dalla Via, Patrick J. Owen, Robin M. Daly, Niamh L. Mundell, Patricia M. Livingston, Timo Rantalainen, Stephen J. Foulkes, Jeremy L. Millar, Declan G. Murphy, Steve F. Fraser

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer has multiple adverse effects on musculoskeletal health. This 12-month randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of multicomponent exercise training combined with whey protein, calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD), structure and strength, body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in ADT-treated men.

Methods: Seventy ADT-treated men were randomized to exercise plus supplementation (Ex + Suppl; n = 34) or usual care (control; n = 36). Ex + Suppl involved thrice weekly progressive resistance training plus weight-bearing impact exercise with daily multinutrient supplementation. Primary outcomes were DXA …

Effect Of Environmental Optimism On Responsible Electricity Consumption With Price Concern As A Moderator, Astrid Gisela Herabadi, Yohanes B. Kadarusman, Caryn Yachinta

Psychological Research on Urban Society

The study aimed to determine the effect of environmental optimism, as a cognitive–emotional factor, on the responsible use of electricity. Furthermore, it investigated the moderating effect of consumer concern on the price of electricity. An online survey was conducted on 345 young adults in Jakarta selected through the snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed using JASP version 15.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 reinforced with PROCESS macro. Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated that environmental optimism significantly explains the variance in electricity conservation behavior. The moderating effect of price concern was also substantiated by the result of the data analysis, …

Enhancing Preservice Teachers’ Intention To Integrate Engineering Through A Cross-Disciplinary Model, Francisco Cima, Pilar Pazos, Jennifer Kidd, Kristie Gutierrez, Stacie Ringleb, Orlando Ayala, Krishnanand Kaipa

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Although elementary educators recognize the importance of integrating engineering in their classrooms, many feel challenged and unprepared to teach engineering content. The absence of effective engineering instruction in teacher preparation programs leaves future educators unprepared for this challenge. Ed+gineering is an NSF-funded cross-disciplinary model between education and engineering aimed at increasing preservice teachers’ preparation, confidence, and intention to integrate engineering into their teaching. Ed+gineering partners education and engineering students in cross-disciplinary teams within the context of their respective university courses. As part of their coursework, the teams plan and deliver culturally responsive engineering lessons to elementary school students under the …