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2021

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Rf2 Sequestering By Stalled Ribosome During Tnac Synthesis Affects The Expression Of C-Terminal Proline-Containing Nascent Peptides, Mohamed Yousef Ghazal Jan 2021

Rf2 Sequestering By Stalled Ribosome During Tnac Synthesis Affects The Expression Of C-Terminal Proline-Containing Nascent Peptides, Mohamed Yousef Ghazal

Theses

The tnaCAB operon in Escherichia coli is regulated via an L-tryptophan dependent ribosome arrest mechanism. TnaC, which codes for a 24-residue leader peptide, has a critical role in regulating the expression of this operon. When inducing concentrations of free L-Trp are reached within the cell, TnaC-ribosome complex is arrested at the tnaC stop codon due to L-Trp binding and interacting with the nascent peptide and translating ribosome. This interaction induces conformational changes in the ribosome active site affecting release factor 2 (RF2)-aided translation termination. Considering that the expression of the tnaCAB operon is among the highest within the cell and …

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Estimating Food Waste Due To Food Safety Recalls And Investigating Ways To Minimize Negative Impacts, Mykayla Latronica Jan 2021

Estimating Food Waste Due To Food Safety Recalls And Investigating Ways To Minimize Negative Impacts, Mykayla Latronica

Master's Theses

For years the issue of food waste has been recognized and quantified; however, food safety issues often go unrecognized as a source of food waste. One objective of this research is to estimate quantities and monetary value of fruits and vegetables implicated in food safety recalls, and thus wasted. Using publicly available data we identified all recalls involving vegetable or fruit commodities contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, pathogenic E. coli, or Salmonella during 2015-2018. When quantities were provided, monetary value of recalled product was calculated using USDA ERS 2016 average retail prices. Although data limitations only allowed analysis of …

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Witnessing Pandora: Doing “Undone Science” At Chicken Sanctuaries, Heather Rosenfeld Jan 2021

Witnessing Pandora: Doing “Undone Science” At Chicken Sanctuaries, Heather Rosenfeld

Environmental Science and Policy: Faculty Publications

Farmed animal sanctuaries rescue, rehabilitate, and care for animals bred for use in agriculture. Because of the structure of veterinary training, regulations on species considered agricultural, and for other reasons, rescued animals such as chickens fall out of spaces of veterinary care and medical knowledge production. Given these knowledge and research gaps, this paper investigates how sanctuaries develop medical knowledge about chickens, focusing on hens bred for egg production. I develop the concept of “witnessing” as it has been used in science studies, feminist theory, and animal activism, arguing that sanctuary science and medicine can be understood as queer witnessing. …

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Low Reynolds Number Swimming Near Interfaces In Multi-Fluid Media, Avriel Cartwright, Jian Du Jan 2021

Low Reynolds Number Swimming Near Interfaces In Multi-Fluid Media, Avriel Cartwright, Jian Du

Mathematics and System Engineering Faculty Publications

Microorganisms often move through heterogeneous fluid medium composed of multiple materials with very different properties. Biological locomotions are significantly influenced by the physical compositions and rheology of the fluidic environment. Some micro-swimmers are able to exploit nearby deformable interfaces to enhance their speed. Through computational simulations, we investigate the movement of a finite-length undulatory swimmer near interfaces within a viscous two-fluid media. Our results show that significant speed-ups can be obtained only if the active swimmer has a large body elasticity.

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Silhouette Analysis For Performance Evaluation In Machine Learning With Applications To Clustering, Shutaywi Meshal, Nezamoddin N. Kachouie Jan 2021

Silhouette Analysis For Performance Evaluation In Machine Learning With Applications To Clustering, Shutaywi Meshal, Nezamoddin N. Kachouie

Mathematics and System Engineering Faculty Publications

Grouping the objects based on their similarities is an important common task in machine learning applications. Many clustering methods have been developed, among them k-means based clustering methods have been broadly used and several extensions have been developed to improve the original k-means clustering method such as k-means ++ and kernel k-means. K-means is a linear clustering method; that is, it divides the objects into linearly separable groups, while kernel k-means is a non-linear technique. Kernel k-means projects the elements to a higher dimensional feature space using a kernel function, and then groups them. Different kernel functions may not perform …

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Time Sensitive Analysis Of Antagonistic Stochastic Processes And Applications To Finance And Queueing, Jewgeni H. Dshalalow, Kizza Nandyose, Ryan T. White Jan 2021

Time Sensitive Analysis Of Antagonistic Stochastic Processes And Applications To Finance And Queueing, Jewgeni H. Dshalalow, Kizza Nandyose, Ryan T. White

Mathematics and System Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper deals with a class of antagonistic stochastic games of three players A, B, and C, of whom the first two are active players and the third is a passive player. The active players exchange hostile attacks at random times T = {t1, t2, …} of random magnitudes with each other and also with player C. Player C does not respond to any attacks (that are regarded as a collateral damage). There are two sustainability thresholds M and T are set so that when the total damages to players A and B cross M and T, respectively, the underlying …

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Polya: A Tool For Adjudicating Competing Annotations Of Biological Sequences, Kaitlin Carey Jan 2021

Polya: A Tool For Adjudicating Competing Annotations Of Biological Sequences, Kaitlin Carey

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Annotation of a biological sequence is usually performed by aligning that sequence to a database of known sequence elements. When that database contains elements that are highly similar to each other, the proper annotation may be ambiguous, because several entries in the database produce high-scoring alignments. Typical annotation methods work by assigning a label based on the candidate annotation with the highest alignment score; this can overstate annotation certainty, mislabel boundaries, and fails to identify large scale rearrangements or insertions within the annotated sequence. Here, I present a new software tool, PolyA, that adjudicates between competing alignment-based annotations by computing …

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Soda: An Open-Source Library For Visualizing Biological Sequence Annotation, Jack W. Roddy, Travis J. Wheeler Jan 2021

Soda: An Open-Source Library For Visualizing Biological Sequence Annotation, Jack W. Roddy, Travis J. Wheeler

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Genome annotation is the process of identifying and labeling known genetic sequences or features within a genome. Across the various subfields within modern molecular biology, there is a common need for the visualization of such annotations. Genomic data is often visualized on web browser platforms, providing users with easy access to visualization tools without the need for installing any software or, in many cases, underlying datasets. While there exists a broad range of web-based visualization tools, there is, to my knowledge, no lightweight, modern library tailored towards the visualization of genomic data. Instead, developers charged with the task of producing …

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Resilience, Childhood Trauma History, And Foster Care Experience In College Students, Ashlyn M. Kincaid, Ashlyn M. Kincaid Jan 2021

Resilience, Childhood Trauma History, And Foster Care Experience In College Students, Ashlyn M. Kincaid, Ashlyn M. Kincaid

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

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The Backfiring Effects Of Forced Political Allegiance In The Online World: The Case Of Preferred Pronouns On Twitter, Yin Lok Linus Chan Jan 2021

The Backfiring Effects Of Forced Political Allegiance In The Online World: The Case Of Preferred Pronouns On Twitter, Yin Lok Linus Chan

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Political divisions in the United States have led to conflating political issues with political parties. People who possess a set of intercorrelated beliefs (e.g. pro-immigration, prochoice) are assumed to be liberal, while those who hold opposing intercorrelated beliefs are assumed to be conservative. Impression management research suggests that in the online world, minor cues on one’s social media profile that display political beliefs serve as indicators of people’s political ideology. While people are free to declare their political views on personal social media accounts, what happens when people perceive that they are forced to appear aligned with one political group …

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Reading The Bones: A Taphonomic Investigation Of Archaeofaunal Remains Recovered From Site 48pa551, Northwest Wyoming, Morgan H. Thurman Jan 2021

Reading The Bones: A Taphonomic Investigation Of Archaeofaunal Remains Recovered From Site 48pa551, Northwest Wyoming, Morgan H. Thurman

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This is a preliminary taphonomy study of archaeofaunal remains found at site 48PA551, more commonly known as the Dead Indian Creek Site. 48PA551 is a well-known and commonly cited example of a McKean Complex occupation dating to between 3,800 and 4,800 B.P. The University of Montana held a field school at the site conducting small test excavations under the supervision of Dr. Anna Marie Prentiss in 2018. In the course of this testing a highly fragmentary bone bed consisting mostly of mammalian bone, cervids largely, was discovered eroding into the nearby creek. Ten 50 x 50 cm quadrants were excavated …

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Links Between Interspecific Competition And Infectious Disease: A Mechanistic Investigation With A Directly-Transmitted Zoonotic System, Andreas Elefttheriou Jan 2021

Links Between Interspecific Competition And Infectious Disease: A Mechanistic Investigation With A Directly-Transmitted Zoonotic System, Andreas Elefttheriou

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Globally, biodiversity is declining while emerging infectious diseases are on the rise. To explain this pattern, the “dilution effect” hypothesis predicts that with lower diversity, disease increases, because diversity “dilutes” disease. Although there is strong support for this hypothesis, there is evidence to support the “amplification effect” hypothesis, which predicts lower disease with lower diversity. Recently, there has been a push to investigate underlying mechanisms than general patterns to create a more mechanistic framework across disease systems. However, mechanisms have been mostly examined with indirectly-transmitted disease systems (e.g., Lyme disease), while less attention has been directed towards directly-transmitted systems, such …

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Buffalo In The Mountains: Mapping Evidence Of Historical Bison Prescence And Bison Hunting In Glacier National Park, Kyle Langley Jan 2021

Buffalo In The Mountains: Mapping Evidence Of Historical Bison Prescence And Bison Hunting In Glacier National Park, Kyle Langley

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This study explores 10,000+ years of bison presence and bison hunting within Glacier National Park. Despite significant faunal evidence of bison presence in the area, few people today associate bison with Glacier National Park. Previous archaeological studies have found bison faunal remains and evidence of bison hunting throughout the eastern half of the park going back thousands of years. Furthermore, local tribes such as the Kootenai and Blackfeet maintain oral traditions that detail ancestral hunting strategies and practice in the region. This project reviews all of these sources to contextualize the archaeological signatures of bison and tell the story of …

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Controls On No3-N Dynamics In The Upper Clark Fork River, Montana, Jacob Anthony Prater Jan 2021

Controls On No3-N Dynamics In The Upper Clark Fork River, Montana, Jacob Anthony Prater

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Studies relating ecosystem energetics to nutrient uptake in streams have generally found respiration to be a more dominant control on nutrient dynamics relative to primary production due to light limitation in most low-order systems. In this study, I measured biomass, hydrology, metabolism, and dissolved solutes in an open-canopy mid-order river located in western MT. Daily stream metabolism was modeled using a modified single-station, open-channel method, and measures of dissolved solutes were evaluated at both local and reach scales to examine how point-measures and those integrated through space represent biogeochemical behavior. Metabolic rates and standing stocks of benthic organic matter were …

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Exploring Indigenous Involvement In The Fur Trade At The Bridge River Pithouse Village, British Columbia, Rebekah Jean Engelland Jan 2021

Exploring Indigenous Involvement In The Fur Trade At The Bridge River Pithouse Village, British Columbia, Rebekah Jean Engelland

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Much research has been done on the Fur Trade period occupation of Housepit 54 at the Bridge River site. This thesis investigates the cause of resource intensification seen in the increase in projectile points, faunal remains, hide scrapers, and fire-cracked rock (FCR). In order to determine the impetus of this change, I compare the fracture patterns of FCR, the size of FCR, the densities of FCR, deer NISP, and slate scrapers, and the population estimate from the fur trade floor and roof to the last floor and roof of the previous occupation. This will determine whether the resource intensification was …

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Mapping Ethnophysiographies: An Investigation Of Toponyms And Land Cover Of Missoula County, Montana, Emily L. Cahoon Jan 2021

Mapping Ethnophysiographies: An Investigation Of Toponyms And Land Cover Of Missoula County, Montana, Emily L. Cahoon

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This thesis investigates the ethnophysiography of Missoula County, Montana via place names. Toponyms and landscape have been observed to have a relationship that can be studied through many lenses. Ethnophysiography, the study of how language and landscape relate to each other via human conceptualization, is a lens that was applied to this thesis because it recognizes the embodied information that toponyms carry and investigates landscape accordingly. Thus, the following research seeks to understand if ethnophysiographic diversity exists between toponyms in the Salish and English languages of Missoula County, Montana by analyzing place names and land cover in GIS and analyzing …

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Protecting Life And Lung: Protected Areas Affect Fine Particulate Matter And Respiratory Hospitalizations In The Brazilian Amazon Biome., Derek Michael Sheehan Jan 2021

Protecting Life And Lung: Protected Areas Affect Fine Particulate Matter And Respiratory Hospitalizations In The Brazilian Amazon Biome., Derek Michael Sheehan

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

I assessed the impacts of upwind protected area coverage on local respiratory health within the Brazilian Amazon. A hypothesized mechanism is the legal prohibition of human ignited fires within protected areas, reducing particulate matter pollution, impacting respiratory health downwind. The connection between fires and respiratory diseases in the Amazon is well established (Smith et al. 2014; Rangel and Vogl 2019; Rocha and Sant’anna 2020). What is not well understood is the potential that government policies aimed at preventing ecosystem loss may also promote health and wellbeing, combining the UN sustainable development goals 3 and 15. Protected areas currently dominate government …

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Seed Bank Composition Within Two Sagebrush Communities: A Comparison Of Drought, Microsite, And Aboveground Community Effects, Allison Marie Nunes Jan 2021

Seed Bank Composition Within Two Sagebrush Communities: A Comparison Of Drought, Microsite, And Aboveground Community Effects, Allison Marie Nunes

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Soil seed banks are critical biodiversity repositories for many dryland plant communities. Understanding how environmental factors alter seed bank composition can provide valuable information on ecological processes within a community and be useful for creating land management strategies. Using the seedling emergence method, I characterized the seed bank of two adjacent dryland plant communities that vary in dominant sagebrush species, structure, and function. Specifically, within an Artemisia arbuscula dominated community and Artemisia cana dominated community, I assessed the influence of three environmental factors on each seed bank: experimentally imposed drought, shrub microsites (compared to interspaces), and aboveground vegetation. Within the …

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Do Aces Moderate Expressive Writing Outcomes? Examining The Relationship Between Exposure To Adverse Childhood Experiences And Expressive Writing Outcomes, Nick Vasquez Jan 2021

Do Aces Moderate Expressive Writing Outcomes? Examining The Relationship Between Exposure To Adverse Childhood Experiences And Expressive Writing Outcomes, Nick Vasquez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Repeated exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases risks for various physical and mental health problems during adulthood. While research and policy decisions have focused primarily on early interventions and preventions, less research to date has looked at treatment options for adults with high exposure to ACEs. Cognitive behavioral therapies are viewed as an effective alternative; however, the high costs of therapy and limited efficacy for physical health problems warrant research into alternatives. Expressive writing is a well studied alternative to traditional talk-based therapies with limited demographic moderators. However, no research to date has looked at the role of ACEs …

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College Students' Mental Health And Drug Use Outcomes During The Stay-At-Home Order, Alexander T. Hain Jan 2021

College Students' Mental Health And Drug Use Outcomes During The Stay-At-Home Order, Alexander T. Hain

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people of all ages causing increased drug usage and worsening mental health in addition to hospitalization and death. The current study investigated how the United States’ stay-at-home orders affected the mental health and drug use of young adult college students. This population is of particular interest because young adults are at most risk of drug use developing into addiction. Two hypotheses related to the self-medication hypothesis were investigated: (1) there will be a significant increase in drug use during the stay-at-home order when compared to drug use prior to the stay-at-home order and (2) feelings …

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Evaluating Immaturity Risk In Young Stands Of The Serotinous Knobcone Pine (Pinus Attenuata), Katherine Marlin Jan 2021

Evaluating Immaturity Risk In Young Stands Of The Serotinous Knobcone Pine (Pinus Attenuata), Katherine Marlin

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

As wildfire becomes increasingly frequent, many plant populations risk local extirpation if fire recurs too soon, a problem dubbed “immaturity risk”. We studied the regeneration of a serotinous conifer species, knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata), as a function of the time between high-severity fires (6-79 years). We evaluated age, cone production, and regeneration at two burned sites in northern California, the Ranch Fire (2018) in Mendocino National Forest, and the Carr Fire (2018) in Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. We found an average of 30.5 filled seeds in closed, brown cones (42% viability of filled seeds). The bulk of the …

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Social Comparison Tendencies And The Reward Value Of Same-Sex Beauty Among Heterosexual Women, Melissa M. Martin Ms. Jan 2021

Social Comparison Tendencies And The Reward Value Of Same-Sex Beauty Among Heterosexual Women, Melissa M. Martin Ms.

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Previous studies have suggested that heterosexual women, but not heterosexual men, find same sex beauty rewarding. This finding has been attributed to a “greater bisexual interest among heterosexual women”, but no other explanations have been offered or tested. The current study aimed to explore social comparison tendencies as a potential alternate explanation to this previously observed finding. Twenty-three heterosexual women completed a series of questionnaires designed to assess their social comparison tendencies (the social comparison orientation scale, the physical appearance comparison scale, and the intrasexual competition scale). They also completed a “pay-per-view” keypress task to measure the reward value of …

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In-Flux: Economic And Community Adaptations Of Former Timber Mill-Towns In The American West, Cherilyn P. Ashmead Jan 2021

In-Flux: Economic And Community Adaptations Of Former Timber Mill-Towns In The American West, Cherilyn P. Ashmead

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Once built around natural resource extractive industries, rural communities’ economies are changing as the United States is transitioning away from its industrial past. While much research has focused on rural economic shifts from natural resource production toward amenity-driven economies (Morzillo et al., 2015; Winkler et al, 2007), less research has explored the economic and demographic trends in areas pursuing new modes of production. This two-part study focuses on an understudied region with historic ties to timber in dry mixed-conifer forests, much of which are under federal land management. With few natural amenity draws, the region has largely maintained production-based sectors. …

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Working Towards Land Return In Goukdi’N: A History Of Genocide And A Future Of Healing, Carrie Tully Jan 2021

Working Towards Land Return In Goukdi’N: A History Of Genocide And A Future Of Healing, Carrie Tully

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Since 2009, the city of Arcata, R. H. Emmerson & Sons, and Humboldt State University have collaborated on the transfer of an 884-acre tract of land in Goukdi’n (known locally as Jacoby Creek Forest). The main goals of this project are to prevent fragmentation of the land, protect wildlife, and to support and enhance student research opportunities. In the ten years that it took for this land to be transferred to the California State University and in the care of Humboldt State University the Wiyot Tribe was not consulted regarding the parcels, their purchase, or their being given to HSU. …

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Modeling And Simulation Of The Ion-Binding-Mediated Swelling Dynamics Of Mucin-Like Polyelectrolyte Gels, Jian Du, Owen L. Lewis, James P. Kenner, Aaron L. Fogelson Jan 2021

Modeling And Simulation Of The Ion-Binding-Mediated Swelling Dynamics Of Mucin-Like Polyelectrolyte Gels, Jian Du, Owen L. Lewis, James P. Kenner, Aaron L. Fogelson

Mathematics and System Engineering Faculty Publications

Volume phase transitions in polyeletrolyte gels play important roles in many biophysical processes such as DNA packaging, nerve excitation, and cellular secretion. The swelling and deswelling of these charged polymer gels depend strongly on their ionic environment. In this paper, we present an extension to our previous two-fluid model for ion-binding-mediated gel swelling. The extended model eliminates the assumptions about the size similarity between the network and solvent particles, which makes it suitable for investigating of a large family of biologically relevant problems. The model treats the polyeletrolyte gel as a mixture of two materials, the network and the solvent. …

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Statistical Modeling Of Fine Sediments Dredged Using A Variable Area Dredging Suction Head To Improve Water Quality, Leigh A. Provost, Robert Weaver, Nezamoddin N. Kachouie Jan 2021

Statistical Modeling Of Fine Sediments Dredged Using A Variable Area Dredging Suction Head To Improve Water Quality, Leigh A. Provost, Robert Weaver, Nezamoddin N. Kachouie

Mathematics and System Engineering Faculty Publications

The changing climate affects the agricultural lands, and, in turn, the changes in agricultural lands alter the watershed. A major concern regarding waterbodies is the increased sedimentation rates due to climate change. To improve the water quality, it is crucial to remove fine sediments. Using current environmental dredging methods is challenging because of the sediment volumes that must be dredged, the absence of nearby disposal sites, and the shoreline infrastructure at the dredging locations. To address these issues, we used a surgical dredging method with a variable area suction head that can easily maneuver around the docks, pilings, and other …

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Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs On Human Population Growth In The Context Of Education For Sustainable Development: Development And Validation Of An Instrument, Sinem Demirci, Sahin Elvan, Gaye Teksöz, Tom Marcinkowski Jan 2021

Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs On Human Population Growth In The Context Of Education For Sustainable Development: Development And Validation Of An Instrument, Sinem Demirci, Sahin Elvan, Gaye Teksöz, Tom Marcinkowski

Mathematics and System Engineering Faculty Publications

The ongoing debates about the effects of human population growth (HPG) is one of the concepts in education for sustainable development (ESD). Beliefs toward HPG are an important construct for teacher education because beliefs potentially interfere with their instructional practices and students' beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. Accordingly, this study focused on developing and validating an instrument to explore pre-service teachers' beliefs toward the effects of HPG. The instrument was piloted, revised, and the main study was administered to 658 pre-service teachers. The instrument revealed five dimensions: requirements to support HPG; neo-Malthusian environmentalism; population and national economy; quality of human life; …

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Functional Analysis Of Folate Biosynthesis Genes Of Rickettsia Monacensis Str. Humboldt Via Complementation Assay, Brandon James Hill Jan 2021

Functional Analysis Of Folate Biosynthesis Genes Of Rickettsia Monacensis Str. Humboldt Via Complementation Assay, Brandon James Hill

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Nutritive symbiosis between bacteria and ticks is observed across a range of microbes and hosts, however, little characterization on the molecular components responsible for these symbioses has been done. Previous studies in our lab demonstrated that Rickettsia monacensis str. Humboldt (RMSH) can synthesize folate de novo via folA, folC, folE, folKP, and ptpS pathway. In this study expression of RMSH folate genes within a folate gene mutant E. coli K-12 strain BW25113 was used to functionally characterize RMSH folate genes in vivo. RMSH folate genes were subcloned into TransBac vector and transformed into folA, …

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Noninvasive Genetic Sampling With A Bayesian Spatial Capture-Recapture Analysis To Estimate Abundance Of Roosevelt Elk (Cervus Canadensis Roosevelti), Makenzie Henk Jan 2021

Noninvasive Genetic Sampling With A Bayesian Spatial Capture-Recapture Analysis To Estimate Abundance Of Roosevelt Elk (Cervus Canadensis Roosevelti), Makenzie Henk

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Determining abundance of Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) in central Humboldt County, California has presented a unique challenge to wildlife managers due to the dense forest habitat and the animals’ elusive behavior. As the elk population has increased, so has human-wildlife conflict, and wildlife agencies need efficient and repeatable methods for determining abundance to inform management decisions. Traditional monitoring methods such as helicopter surveys are ineffective due to low sighting probability and strong behavioral responses to the aircraft. They also often lead to biased sex ratios when the distribution of males and females varies across the landscape. Non-invasive …

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Access To Technology In Humboldt County: Measuring Digital Preparedness At The Start Of A Pandemic, Lauren E. Proffitt Jan 2021

Access To Technology In Humboldt County: Measuring Digital Preparedness At The Start Of A Pandemic, Lauren E. Proffitt

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This research is based on summer 2020 online survey data from a stratified random sample of 573 clients and care providers of a rural Northern California government social services agency. The goal was to study information technology access in Humboldt County, California, and the range of digital preparedness of clients of a local government agency: Humboldt County In-Home Supportive Services (IHSS). IHSS serves several groups of rural residents with low-income, foremost of which are older adults and people with disabilities. In 2020, in compliance with federal requirements, IHSS discontinued systems for paper-based client/provider confirmation of services, moving to digital technology-based …

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