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2021

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The Impact Of Standardized Testing On The Mental Health Of Teachers, Parents, And Students, Abigail E. Morford Jan 2021

The Impact Of Standardized Testing On The Mental Health Of Teachers, Parents, And Students, Abigail E. Morford

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Standardized testing has a negative impact on the mental well-being of teachers, families, and students. The anxiety around standardized testing impacts the teachers as they feel responsible for student performance, leading to a decline in mental health. Due to this anxiety, teachers are using tactics like fear appeals and conditional support to control student success. Families feel the threat of these consequences as low student performance impacts the social stigma of the school’s neighborhood. Families exert pressure on students by trying to control the student’s thoughts and environment, believing it will lead to academic success. When students perform under pressure, …

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Teacher Feedback And Assessment Outcomes Of Students: A Literature Review, David Doe Agoha Jan 2021

Teacher Feedback And Assessment Outcomes Of Students: A Literature Review, David Doe Agoha

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper examines the role of teacher feedback in improving the assessment outcomes of students. The literature review provides a brief overview of the types and levels of feedback, and discusses how the timing, format, and type of feedback affect the learning and assessment outcomes of students. This literature review reveals that feedback is valuable and it closes the gabs between learners’ current understanding and performance compared to their learning targets. It also gives information to both learners and instructors that lead to an adjustment of learning through the use of more effective strategies to achieve learning objectives. Furthermore, feedback …

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The Relation Between Physical Activity And Academic Performance, Ines Barros Vilas Jan 2021

The Relation Between Physical Activity And Academic Performance, Ines Barros Vilas

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Physical inactivity has been increasingly and dangerously growing across our society due to technological progresses in our daily lives. Consequently, the lifestyle and health of adolescents and young people is showing a tendency to the appearance of negative factors and diseases like obesity or high blood pressure. This project aims to verify the existence of a relation between physical activity and academic performance. Also, it aims to understand how this relation might vary according to different genders and age groups. Research suggests the existence of a positive relation between physical activity and academic performance, especially when physical activity is conducted …

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Wavefront-Selective Fano Resonant Metasurface, Adam C. Overvig, Andrea Alù Jan 2021

Wavefront-Selective Fano Resonant Metasurface, Adam C. Overvig, Andrea Alù

Publications and Research

Fano resonances are conventionally understood as sharp spectral features with selectivity in the momentum-frequency domain, implying that they can be excited only by plane waves with specific frequencies and incident angles. We demonstrate that Fano resonances can be made generally selective in the space-frequency domain. They can be tailored to resonate only when excited by a frequency, polarization, and wavefront of choice. This generalization reveals that Fano systems are characterized by eigenwaves that scatter to their time-reversed image upon reflection. Although in conventional Fano systems this trivially occurs for normally incident plane waves, we show that, in general, the selected …

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An Improvement Of Data Analytics Detection Rules In The Internal Audit Of The Procurement And Inventory Processes, Penpak Rangsipunyaporn Jan 2021

An Improvement Of Data Analytics Detection Rules In The Internal Audit Of The Procurement And Inventory Processes, Penpak Rangsipunyaporn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Data analytics is a powerful tool to deliver value-added internal audit results as it reduces execution time and increases efficiency, effectiveness, and assurance level compared with the audit sampling approach. Because detection rules are criteria applied in the data analytics method to discover anomalies in the business transactions. Therefore, this project aims to improve the anomaly detection rules in the procure-to-pay and inbound inventory processes for an audit firm based in Thailand to provide internal audit services for clients in the manufacturing business. The sub-processes cover (1) process governance, (2) vendor selection, evaluation, and master data maintenance, (3) ordering, (4) …

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Neuroprotective And Neurotherapeuticeffects Of Dihydrotestosterone,17Β-Estradiol, And Pueraria Mirifica Extract On Cognitive Impairment In Androgen Deficient Rats, Taratorn Fainanta Jan 2021

Neuroprotective And Neurotherapeuticeffects Of Dihydrotestosterone,17Β-Estradiol, And Pueraria Mirifica Extract On Cognitive Impairment In Androgen Deficient Rats, Taratorn Fainanta

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aims to understand the mechanism of action of androgen deficiency, which usually occurs in elderly men, and the neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17β-estradiol (E2) and Pueraria mirifica extract (PME) on cognitive impairment in male rats. Four series of experiments were conducted. Experiment I was to understand the mechanism of action of androgen deficiency on cognitive impairment. Rats at the age of 4 months old were orchidectomized (ODX) or sham-operated (SH), kept for 3 days, 2, 4, 6, and 8 months (M0, M2, M4, M6 and M8, respectively), determined spatial learning behavior and memory capacity, and …

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Genetic Code Expansion Of Plastic-Degrading Enzymes For Detection Of Microplastics, Jariya Jitdee Jan 2021

Genetic Code Expansion Of Plastic-Degrading Enzymes For Detection Of Microplastics, Jariya Jitdee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Petrochemical plastics can degrade into the size level of microplastics. One source of microplastics is polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE). Enzymes used to degrade PET have been reported. In our work, we wish to repurpose the activity of PET-degrading enzymes, into PET-detecting enzymes, and use the engineered enzyme for microplastic detection, via enzyme engineering to create enzyme variants which can form covalent adducts with microplastic particles. The enzyme-microplastic adduct is generated via the use of 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP) derivative, which we will incorporate in place of the catalytic serine residue at the active site of I. sakeinesis—PETase via the genetic …

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The Scale Development Of Nursing Repositioning Practice For Bedridden Patients, Saudi Arabia, Abdul Kareem Suhel Hamadeh Iblasi Jan 2021

The Scale Development Of Nursing Repositioning Practice For Bedridden Patients, Saudi Arabia, Abdul Kareem Suhel Hamadeh Iblasi

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to explore, develop and test the psychometric properties of repositioning practice measures among nurses in Saudi hospitals and explores its components' psychometric properties. The study adopted the DeVellis scale development framework. Initially, the study clarifies the concept by literature review and interviewing six experts. Then a pool of 103 items was generated as the first draft. Over two rounds of expert revisions, the experts accept 61 items with content validity index means ( I-CVIs) equal to 0.91 and scale content validity = 0.81. later, the reliability with alpha Cronbach was 0.98. Next, this survey was passed for …

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Effect Of Remaining Dentin Thickness And Primer Application Technique On Microtensile Bond Strength, Paphawee Somrit Jan 2021

Effect Of Remaining Dentin Thickness And Primer Application Technique On Microtensile Bond Strength, Paphawee Somrit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

To evaluate the effect of primer application techniques, type of adhesives and remaining dentin thicknesses on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of 4 different adhesive systems, 112 Flat occlusal surfaces of sound third molar were randomly allocated into 16 groups based on 2 remaining dentin thicknesses (RDT), 2 application techniques and 3 adhesive systems, e.g., Three step etch-and-rinse (Optibond FL; OFL), Two step self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond; CSE), and Universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal; SB). SB was applied in either etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) mode. Simulated pulpal pressure was performed during bonding procedure and 6-month water storage (37 oC). After …

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Development Of Mucoadhesive Polymeric Nanoparticles For Intranasal Delivery Of Favipiravir In Treating Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Khent Alcantara Jan 2021

Development Of Mucoadhesive Polymeric Nanoparticles For Intranasal Delivery Of Favipiravir In Treating Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Khent Alcantara

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as an effective carrier for transmucosal delivery of drugs through their prolonged residence time and deposition, or the enhanced permeation through the mucosa. In this study, we aimed to design a nanocarrier using the combined mucoadhesive (M) properties of chitosan (CS) and alginate (ALG) polymers for the intranasal delivery of favipiravir (FVR) in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. The optimized FVR-loaded mucoadhesive CS-coated ALG-NPs (FVR-MCS-ALG-NPs) rendered suitable size (233.5 nm), zeta potential (-21.6 mV), loading capacity (26.0%), and encapsulation efficiency (84.6%) for transmucosal delivery. Superior mucoadhesiveness and higher permeation and deposition in the porcine nasal mucosa of …

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Effects Of Intergroup Ideologies On Willingness To Engage In Intergroup Contact With Essentialism As A Mediator, Piraorn Suvanbenjakule Jan 2021

Effects Of Intergroup Ideologies On Willingness To Engage In Intergroup Contact With Essentialism As A Mediator, Piraorn Suvanbenjakule

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Various studies have found that merely interacting with an outgroup does not necessarily lead to better intergroup relations. The prejudice against Myanmar in Thailand is still an issue that needs solving. Therefore, cultures should be understood as an ongoing process in the hope that it would be more consistent with the current social environment and improve intergroup relations. The first study was a cross-sectional study that examined the self-reported scores of polyculturalism and the willingness to engage in intergroup contact with essentialism as a mediator. The online survey was distributed, and 112 high-school and university students were included in the …

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The Effectiveness Of Tibetan Yoga To Reduce Climacteric Symptoms And Enhancing Quality Of Life In Perimenopausal Women: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial, Natsupa Archong Jan 2021

The Effectiveness Of Tibetan Yoga To Reduce Climacteric Symptoms And Enhancing Quality Of Life In Perimenopausal Women: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial, Natsupa Archong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Introduction: The climacteric symptoms has been the problems of most perimenopause women so far. This research examined the effect of using Tibetan Yoga in reducing climacteric symptoms and enhance quality of life of the perimenopause women. Objectives: To study the effect of Tibetan Yoga in reducing climacteric symptoms and increasing the quality of life in perimenopausal women. Method: This research is an experimental research. The research participants were sixty-four Thai perimenopausal women who lived in Moo 9, Lahan community, Bangbuatong District of Nonthaburi. Thirty-two of them were randomly selected to join the experimental group, the rest were in the controlled …

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Planning For The 'Displaced': Evaluating Resettlement Work Plans Of The Thilawa Special Economic Zone, Yangon, Myanmar, Thu Htet Jan 2021

Planning For The 'Displaced': Evaluating Resettlement Work Plans Of The Thilawa Special Economic Zone, Yangon, Myanmar, Thu Htet

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research aims to study the discrepancies in the previous urban resettlement planning project as a case study, and examine how they can be improved through planning and public policies. In doing so, the research evaluates the previous resettlement plans of an urban development project by using different sets of resettlement practices disclosed by different international development organizations. This research answers two research questions: What insufficiencies are observed in urban resettlement planning by evaluating the previous resettlement plans? and How can urban resettlement planning be more effective? by exploring the resettlement plans of Thilawa SEZ as a single case-study using …

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Influences Of Herbicides On Health Of Rice Frog Fejervarya Limnocharis Populations In Nan Province, Thailand, Luhur Septiadi Jan 2021

Influences Of Herbicides On Health Of Rice Frog Fejervarya Limnocharis Populations In Nan Province, Thailand, Luhur Septiadi

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Intensive and continuous herbicide use in agriculture may pose a risk to health of environment and non-target organisms, including amphibian. Prior research conducted between 2010-2011 using the rice frog, Fejervarya limnocharis, as a sentinel revealed an accumulation of herbicides (atrazine, glyphosate, and paraquat) in environmental samples and frog tissue, as well as adverse effects on the health status. This study aims to determine the potential influence of herbicides on population health of the rice frog. Between July 2020 and February 2021, frogs were collected from two paddy fields with varying degrees of herbicide use in Nan province, Thailand. The results …

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Drivers And Dynamics Of Commercial Coral-Reef Fisheries Footprint Expansions And Implications For Stocks, Ecosystems, And Societies, Javier Cuetos Bueno Jan 2021

Drivers And Dynamics Of Commercial Coral-Reef Fisheries Footprint Expansions And Implications For Stocks, Ecosystems, And Societies, Javier Cuetos Bueno

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Coral-reef fisheries have provided food security and recreation for societies across the tropics for countless generations, and are also estimated to provide nearly $6 billion USD in net benefits to the world annually while supporting the livelihood of over 6 million fishers and their families. Yet, unsustainable fisheries regimes with ensuing impacts to coral-reefs and societies that depend on them have been reported over the last decades across most tropical regions. Alongside, management frameworks continue to struggle to ensure sustainable fishing regimes in the face of limited evidence-based guidance and the prevalent context of limited capacity and resources. This thesis …

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Deep-Sea Discovery - Mining Marine Environments For Novel Biologics., Poppy Jessica Hesketh-Best Jan 2021

Deep-Sea Discovery - Mining Marine Environments For Novel Biologics., Poppy Jessica Hesketh-Best

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Global antimicrobial resistance will change the face of modern medicine, and the discovery of novel antimicrobials is one of the many solutions to this challenge. Furthermore, expanding antimicrobial natural product discovery to poorly explored ecological habitats may lead to the identification of novel compounds. In this body of work, deep-sea sponges are investigated as a source for bacterially derived antibiotics. Both cultivation dependent and independent strategies were employed to isolate and identify promising bacterial candidates, in addition to further understanding the sponge host microbiome. Pheronema carpenteri was identified during cultivation efforts as a sponge from which multiple active bacterial strains …

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Estimating The Background Error For Variational Data Assimilation Of An Ocean Model Using A Binless Analysis Of Innovations, Lewis William Lloyd Sampson Jan 2021

Estimating The Background Error For Variational Data Assimilation Of An Ocean Model Using A Binless Analysis Of Innovations, Lewis William Lloyd Sampson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

In order to create the cost function for variational data assimilation one needs to compute the background error covariance matrix, and this in turn requires information on the true state of the physical variables being modelled. This introduces a large difficulty which is often overcome by estimating the background error and then using this behaviour of the error to model the entire covariance during assimilation. A common approach for the estimation is the Hollingsworth and Lonnberg method, whereby the model forecasts subtracted from the observational data, known as the innovations, are manipulated using assumptions of correlation. This method requires the …

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Distribution Ecology Of The Harpy Eagle: Spatial Patterns And Processes To Direct Conservation Planning, Luke James Sutton Jan 2021

Distribution Ecology Of The Harpy Eagle: Spatial Patterns And Processes To Direct Conservation Planning, Luke James Sutton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Accurately demarcating species distributions has long been at the core of ecology. Yet our understanding of the factors limiting species range limits is incomplete, especially for tropical species. Human-driven threats to the survival of many taxa are increasing, particularly habitat loss and climate change. Identifying distributional range limits of at-risk species can thus inform spatial conservation planning to mitigate these threats. The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) is a large raptor distributed across Neotropical lowland forests, from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, currently threatened by habitat loss and persecution. Coupled with climate change, harpy eagle distribution may contract or shift leading …

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The Role Of Environmental Temperature In Immunocompetence And Disease Susceptibility In Bivalves, George Mason Jan 2021

The Role Of Environmental Temperature In Immunocompetence And Disease Susceptibility In Bivalves, George Mason

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Disease outbreaks and mass mortality events affecting marine species and ecosystems during periods of high temperature have increased in frequency and intensity over the past several decades. Accordingly, understanding the causes of such thermally-induced outbreaks is increasingly important, particularly in the context of global climate change and predictions of increased pathogen prevalence and disease incidence. Whilst our understanding of immune functions and their adequate energetic provisioning for disease resistance is well developed, little is known on how temperature affects immunological and energetic status in bivalves. Furthermore, even less is known on the potential combined effects between thermal and pathogenic stressors …

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Do Abiotic Environmental Drivers Disrupt The Biotic Response Of Marine Larvae?, Stanley Butt Jan 2021

Do Abiotic Environmental Drivers Disrupt The Biotic Response Of Marine Larvae?, Stanley Butt

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to express different phenotypes in response to altered environmental conditions has been identified as a means by which organisms may be able to cope with environmental change. While significant progress has been made in the study of phenotypic plasticity in response to both individual and combined abiotic environmental drivers, very few studies have investigated the effects of abiotic and biotic drivers in combination. In this thesis, I investigate the combined effects of increased temperature (15 °C versus 20 °C) and the presence of predation threat in the form of predatory kairomones (skin …

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Smart Ageing And Renewal Through Entrepreneurial Skills Training, Sarah Davis Jan 2021

Smart Ageing And Renewal Through Entrepreneurial Skills Training, Sarah Davis

Theses

Globally, while the population is ageing, only 3% of older (≥65 years) adults are engaged in entrepreneurship. The Healthy Ageing agenda is responding to the population trends by increasing its focus on elements of active or productive ageing (incorporating older working) with quality of life as a primary outcome. Alignment and exploitation of the synergies between healthy ageing and older entrepreneurial engagement are lacking. Entrepreneurship education is broadening its focus and targeting inclusivity, albeit with as yet little focus on the older population. Older entrepreneurship, while tentatively linked with increased quality of life, has yet to receive direct attention in …

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Establishing The Minimally Important Clinical Difference For The Oral Health Impact Profile In Malaysians Provided With Removable Partial Dentures, Siti Fauzza Ahmad Jan 2021

Establishing The Minimally Important Clinical Difference For The Oral Health Impact Profile In Malaysians Provided With Removable Partial Dentures, Siti Fauzza Ahmad

Student Works (2020-2029)

Future demand for a removable partial denture (RPD) remains as more adults retain their natural teeth into old age. Partial tooth loss often leads to masticatory function disturbances and negatively affects the quality of life (QoL). Prosthodontic rehabilitation with RPD improves QoL; however, the statistically significant change with many Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) instruments, may not be clinically meaningful. The Malaysian version of Oral Health Impact Profile, OHIP(M)-45 questionnaires has been validated and adapted; however, its clinical interpretability has not been established. The smallest change in OHRQoL score perceived by a patient as beneficial, following an intervention, is …

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Material Handling System For An Advanced Flexible Manufacturing Environment, Con Cronin Jan 2021

Material Handling System For An Advanced Flexible Manufacturing Environment, Con Cronin

Theses

A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is a method of production that is designed to easily adapt to changes in the type and quantity of the product being manufactured. Machines and computerised systems can be configured to manufacture a variety of parts and to handle the changing levels of production that is required. The aim of this project was to investigate the current manufacturing processes of Kostal Ireland GmbH with the aim of developing a bespoke prototype material handling system to achieve flexible manufacturing. Kostal Ireland GmbH currently do not have the ability to change their manufacturing operations easily when a …

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Dirofilaria Immitis Prevalence In Canis Latrans In Kentucky, Melanie Ann Brandon Jan 2021

Dirofilaria Immitis Prevalence In Canis Latrans In Kentucky, Melanie Ann Brandon

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Dirofilaria immitis (canine heartworm) was found in forty-two (42) of the two hundred seventy-five (275) Canis latrans (coyote) necropsied in the state of Kentucky from November 27, 2019 through March 3, 2021. Thirty-five (35) of the positive cases were from western Kentucky region with the other seven spread across the state. With this group of coyotes, one hundred fifty-eight (158) were male and the other one hundred six-teen (116) were female. The estimated age ranged from a pup to senior dogs. A little over forty percent of the dogs were obtained through coyote/predator tournaments; the remaining were acquired from pest …

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Monitoring Relationships Between Corticosterone And Snake Fungal Disease In Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Horridus) In Western Kentucky, John Bromley Hewlett Jan 2021

Monitoring Relationships Between Corticosterone And Snake Fungal Disease In Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Horridus) In Western Kentucky, John Bromley Hewlett

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Over the past four decades, emergent fungal diseases have been the most devastating relative to species declines and extinctions. While most research has focused on fungal diseases affecting amphibians and bats, less has focused on diseases like snake fungal disease (SFD), caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (Oo). SFD was first described in 2006 in North America within a Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) population in New Hampshire. Since then SFD has been documented in 19 US states, one US territory (Puerto Rico), and Europe. SFD causes high mortality in some species, including the Eastern Massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus …

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Understanding Resilience And Protective Factors Among Released Offenders, Vanke'via Garner Jan 2021

Understanding Resilience And Protective Factors Among Released Offenders, Vanke'via Garner

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Approximately 650,000 offenders are being released from prison or jail per year in the USA. After incarceration, released offenders encounter a myriad of challenges that prohibit successful transition into the community. Research has focused on the risk factors that contribute to recidivism – relapse into criminal activity, with limited focus on protective factors that contribute to desistance from criminal activity. Existing research has relied on several theories to hypothesize and explain the causes of desistance, with research suggesting that individual subjective factors and social factors are essential to the desistance process. This study was therefore guided by two theories – …

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Males Of The Wolf Spider Rabidosa Rabida Use Two Mechanisms To Stun Females During Copulation, Daniel Schoenberg Jan 2021

Males Of The Wolf Spider Rabidosa Rabida Use Two Mechanisms To Stun Females During Copulation, Daniel Schoenberg

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

The differences in energetic input between the sexes required to produce gametes translates to the differences in reproductive behavior and overall mating systems seen in a species. Females generally produce a few energetically and resource expensive eggs and typically choose a high-quality suitor to ensure she has high quality offspring. In contrast, males produce abundant energetically cheap sperm and attempt to fertilize as many eggs as possible in as many females as possible. Both sexes are trying to maximize their inclusive fitness, but the dichotomy of interests can lead to sexual conflict and perhaps extreme or unusual behaviors such as …

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Characterizing The Host Usage And Development Of Ormia Lineifrons (Diptera: Tachinidae), Kyler J. Rogers Jan 2021

Characterizing The Host Usage And Development Of Ormia Lineifrons (Diptera: Tachinidae), Kyler J. Rogers

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Insect communication systems are strongly driven by the evolution of signals or signal preferences. These systems rely on a signaler to truthfully emit signals for receivers to interpret. Often, these signals are conspicuously broadcasted. Conspicuous signals involved in animal communication are intended to attract mates, however, these signals are often exploited by eavesdroppers. Thus, many communication systems experience natural selection and sexual selection acting in opposite directions. New adaptations can arise in response to selective pressures, such as eavesdroppers, leading to co-evolving systems between eavesdroppers and hosts, for example. Understanding these systems can provide valuable insight into how unintended receivers …

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Effects Of Agricultural Education And Career And Technology On Georgia Milestone Tests Scores In Biology, Geometry, And Algebra, Ellison Crews Jan 2021

Effects Of Agricultural Education And Career And Technology On Georgia Milestone Tests Scores In Biology, Geometry, And Algebra, Ellison Crews

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Student’s achievement is directly linked to teacher evaluation as well as school and district CCRPI scores. The researcher conducted Independent two sample t-tests comparing student’s achievement on Georgia Milestone test in geometry, algebra, and biology at the district and state level for students enrolled in agricultural education courses, Non-agricultural education CTAE courses and non-CTAE courses. On the state level, student’s scores were grouped into the four-achievement level of Beginning, Developing, Proficient, and Distinguished. No individual scores were available so an average mean score was representative of each students score in the four categories. This study included Independent two sample …

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Glial Granules And Germline Proteins In The Drosophila Brain, Samuel J. Tindell Jan 2021

Glial Granules And Germline Proteins In The Drosophila Brain, Samuel J. Tindell

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

My overarching goal was to elucidate the role of Tudor (Tud) protein in the Drosophila brain. Tud is an evolutionarily conserved molecular scaffold, containing 11 Tud domains which bind to symmetrically dimethylated arginine (sDMA) residues in a variety of proteins. Tud is an essential component of embryonic ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) called germ granules that contain RNAs and proteins crucial to the differentiation and maintenance of germ cells, the specialized class of stem cells that ultimately give rise to the next generation of organism. In the absence of Tud, there is a complete abolishment of germ cells highlighting its important role …

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