Digital Commons Network^™

Transforming Affirmative Action Jurisprudence: Applying Eidelson's Theory On The Supreme Court Of India, Sawinder Singh

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

This paper compares the affirmative action jurisprudence developed by the Indian Supreme Court with United States affirmative action jurisprudence in the context of the philosophy of equality developed by Harvard Law School Professor Benjamin Eidelson. It evaluates the potential of Eidelson's claim that if the U.S. Supreme Court accepts his philosophy, it may incrementally allow the Court to adopt a more favorable attitude towards the affirmative action policies. The question raised here is whether Eidelson's approach can provide a constitutionalfoundation capable of giving us a consistently benevolent interpretation of affirmative action policies, as he hoped. This article concludes that, at …

Reimagining Bioethics Curricula: Centering Antiracism, Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion, Shika Kalevor, Marie-Laura Allirajah, Isabella Hernandez, Phoebe Ozuah

Presentations

As bioethicists, we engage with social, political, and health care systems that all center on relationality. Part of our responsibility in occupying space within these systems is recognizing where bias, power, and privilege lie, and how our positionality can either contribute to or take away from progress toward a morally conscious society. Bioethicists have the opportunity to remediate preventable harms and address issues of equity, justice, diversity, and oppression. We can also address these issues as core to our growing knowledge base. From our own experiences as bioethics students from multidisciplinary backgrounds, we know that these topics are not sufficiently …

Understanding And Assessing Construct Validity Of The Social Provisions Scale: Implications For Youth Development, Sarah Osmane, Mark Brennan, Patrick Dolan

Journal of Youth Development

Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling was used to measure the construct validity of the increasingly utilized social provisions scale. This scale was used to measure social support sources and types among a sample of 421 youth from 4 Pennsylvania schools. The youth were surveyed to determine their levels of social support and the relationship of social support to community and youth development capacities. Research findings indicated an acceptable model fit indices for the sources of the social support model. A lower fit for the types of social support was found. Overall, the analysis further verified the reliability and …

Framing Indigenous Identity Inclusion In Positive Youth Development: Proclaimed Ignorance, Partial Vacuum, And The Peoplehood Model, Joshua Farella, Joshua Moore, Juan Arias, Jeremy Elliott-Engel

Journal of Youth Development

Indigenous youth are systemically underserved by 4-H and other positive youth development (PYD) organizations. Many underserved First Nation communities in the United States could greatly benefit from programs that foster youth thriving; however, these programs tend to be ineffective in creating culturally reflective spaces for Indigenous participants. In this article, we argue that the Peoplehood Model should serve as a unifying model for the inclusion of Indigenous identity in programming, and that cultural humility should be firmly integrated into program design and assessment. We also propose that, to support Indigenous youth thriving, PYD practitioners must intentionally create a “partial vacuum” …

Gauging Informal Stem Youth Program Impact: A Conceptual Framework And A Measurement Instrument, Robert Tai, Ji Hoon Ryoo, Claire Mitchell, Xiaoqing Kong

Journal of Youth Development

STEM education programs are often formulated with a "hands-on activities" focus across a wide array of topics from robotics to rockets to ecology. Traditionally, the impact of these programs is based on surveys of youth on program-specific experiences or the youths’ interest and impressions of science in general. In this manuscript, we offer a new approach to analyzing science programming design and youth participant impact. The conceptual framework discussed here concentrates on the organization and analysis of common learning activities and instructional strategies. We establish instrument validity and reliability through an analysis of validity threats and pilot study results. We …

Promoting Personal Growth In Young People Experiencing Homelessness Through An Outdoors-Based Program, Benjamin John Parry, Janice Thompson, Mark Holland, Jennifer Cumming

Journal of Youth Development

Outdoors-based youth development programs demonstrate the efficacy to improve indicators of personal growth and mental health in a range of disadvantaged young people. However, the most marginalized young people in society, who stand to benefit the most from such initiatives, remain underrepresented in the research. My Strengths Training for Life (MST4Life) is a positive youth development (PYD) intervention for young people experiencing homelessness that incorporates a life skills program and an outdoor adventure education (OAE) course. The current study presents a qualitative investigation of the OAE course to understand its role in promoting positive changes for participants. Reflexive thematic analysis …

Sociopolitical Participation Among Marginalized Youth: Do Political Identification And Ideology Matter?, Aixa Marchand, Michael Frisby, Maura Kraemer, Channing Mathews

Journal of Youth Development

Engaging youth in the political system has promise for creating social change and ensuring the future of our democracy. Sociopolitical participation—individual and/or collective action to facilitate change—may be biased towards more liberal or Democratic views, which emphasize reform to create social equity. The aim of this study is to test if youth who vary in political ideology (i.e., conservative, liberal) and political identification (i.e., Republican, Democrat) participate at different levels and whether this measurement of sociopolitical participation is in fact biased. These issues were examined among 237 youth attending a large Midwestern high school who generally identified with historically marginalized …

Increasing Latinx Youth Engagement Across Different Types Of After-School Organizations, Fe Moncloa, Nancy Erbstein, Aarti Subramaniam

Journal of Youth Development

This article explores how Latinx youth engagement practices vary across different types of out-of-school organizations that successfully sustain Latinx youth participation. Data are drawn from a qualitative study of 13 California organizations that each emphasize one of 3 missions: social justice youth development, “one-stop” wrap-around services, or academic enrichment. While all organizations are found to adhere to a core set of Latinx youth development guiding principles, there are nuanced differences in how they are operationalized in practice across varied organization types, reflecting variation in terms of discourse, scale, and scope. These findings highlight the need for youth development practitioners and …

Seen And Heard: Learning From Young People's Experiences Sharing Power In Faith Communities, Jenna Sethi, Rachel Chamberlain, Clare Eisenberg, Eugene Roehlkepartain

Journal of Youth Development

Faith communities have been shown to provide a sense of belonging and community while also providing a rich environment for youth to engage and grow as leaders. Yet, few current studies have explored faith communities as spaces for sharing power and sustained youth leadership development. Using a thematic analysis approach, this qualitative study of 222 participants across Jewish, Muslim, and Christian faith communities aimed to explore the role of developmental relationships in young people's lives and their faith and spiritual development. Through the analyses, multiple and varied examples of sharing power emerged, leading us to investigate more fully the roles …

Populism And Constitutionalism: An Essay On Definitions And Their Implications, Mark Tushnet, Bojan Bugarič

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Against Court Packing, Or A Plea To Formally Amend The Constitution, Jill M. Fraley

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Amplified Speech, Erin L. Miller

Cardozo Law Review

This Article introduces the concept of amplification into First Amendment law. Amplification, or the size of the audience reached by speech, lies at the heart of many contemporary free speech struggles. Yet the concept is surprisingly absent as a category of analysis from constitutional doctrine and virtually undiscussed in legal scholarship. Amplification deserves its own set of legal rules and doctrines, because the right to amplify one’s speech serves the two core types of First Amendment interests—those of audiences and those of speakers—differently than the right to choose the content of one’s speech. The higher the degree of amplification, the …

Composition, Context, And Community Integration: Evaluating The Relative Strength Of Environmental Factors On Mental Health Outcomes Using A Social Ecology Model, Douglas John Archie Iii

Theses and Dissertations

The relationship between environmental factors and individual health outcomes has historically been a major area of interest for multiple scientific disciplines. However, the specific environmental factors relevant for describing this relationship and effective measuring methods are unclear. One approach that may assist in addressing these issues is by analyzing this relationship using a comprehensive theoretical framework. This study used a social-ecological model first proposed by Moos and colleagues (Insel & Moos, 1974: Moos & Moos, 1976) to investigate connections between environmental factors and mental health recovery outcomes of psychiatric distress, management of mental health symptoms, and recovery-oriented behavior. A series …

“Before The World Gets Them”: The Impact Of Racialized Parenting On Black Mothers, Mia Brantley

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the distinct practices Black women implement to protect their children from both actualized and anticipatory experiences of racism, as well as its effects on their mothering experiences, health and well-being, as well as how they manage the emotional and mental toll of their children’s experiences. Race plays an integral role in shaping mothering practices. More specifically, motherwork examines how Black mothers ensure the physical, mental, and emotional survival of their children in the face of micro-and macro-level structures that perpetuate racism and inequality. However, much is left to explore regarding the interconnectedness between Black women’s motherwork, linked …

Middle And High School Experiences That Lead First-Generation College Students To Select A Stem Major, James A. Byrum

Theses and Dissertations

Careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are increasing but the number of qualified individuals to fill these positions are not meeting the demand. One way to increase the number of qualified STEM employees is to garner the interest of students from underrepresented groups in the STEM fields. One of these underrepresented groups are first generation college students (FGCS). Understanding what experiences led FGCS to pursue a degree in a STEM field may help attract more students to STEM and help meet the demand of filling future STEM jobs.

In this study, FGCS in the Opportunity Scholars Program …

The Impact Of The Teacher-Student Relationship On Students’ Educational Expectations, Amanda Lynn Davis

Theses and Dissertations

Students benefit both academically and psychosocially from close, supportive relationships with their teachers. Students who have close relationships with their teachers tend to adjust better to school, perform better academically, and engage in fewer problem behaviors. These benefits begin as early as preschool and mitigate several barriers to educational success for students from low-resource environments. However, it is unclear how changes in these relationships over time differentially influence positive outcomes. In this study, I test how changes in relationship closeness between students and teachers influence students’ expectations about future educational achievement. I also test how the strength of this association …

Food Choice Decision-Making Among School-Going Adolescents Amidst The Nutrition Transition In Urban Accra, Ghana, Krystal Krsna Rampalli

Theses and Dissertations

Like many countries of the world, Ghana is experiencing a nutrition transition and rising non-communicable diseases. Adolescents are susceptible to diet-related health risks as they experience significant physical and psychological changes, which are happening in tandem with food environment changes, including widespread proliferation of large portion and package sizes of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. Both local and multinational food and beverage companies have encouraged consumption of their products through various marketing tactics targeted directly to adolescents. Some of these tactics include the use of characters or celebrity endorsement, promotional discounts, and appeal to sociocultural values, including messages about body size preferences. …

The Spatial Variability Of Crime: A Review Of Methodological Choice, Proposed Models, And Methods For Illustrating The Phenomenon, Matthew D. Spencer

Theses and Dissertations

The spatial analysis of crime has occurred for nearly two centuries. Within criminology, research interests that have developed from the use of spatial methodologies seek to identify the spatial variability and concentration of crime. The first focus utilizes spatial statistics and mapping to describe and illustrate spatial variability. The second focus uses statistical techniques to describe levels of concentration such as the percentage of crime attributed to a unit. Due to the larger breadth of work and multiple analytical components the former will be the focus of this research.

This multi-study dissertation explores the methods currently used to study the …

#Blackfemaleteachersmatter: The Experiences Of Three African American Female Teachers Who Left The Classroom During Their Induction Years, Ashlye Victoria Wilkerson

Theses and Dissertations

This study captured the lived experiences of three African American, female classroom teachers who left the profession within three years of beginning their careers. The main goal that led this research was to center the perspectives of African American women in the conversation about teacher retention, turnover, and attrition percentages that plague the field of education. The primary questions that guided this study were: (1) “What can be learned from the life stories of former African American female teachers who left the teaching profession from South Carolina public classrooms during their induction years?”, (2) “What do their life stories reveal …

Culturally Relevant Pedagogy In The Online Elementary Classroom, Kelsey Iverson

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

Culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) is a critical component of ensuring equity and contributes to creating a safe, nurturing, and supportive learning environment for all students (Ladson-Billings, 1995). With the increase of students of color entering the online learning sphere (U.S. Department of Education, 2021), it is critical that teachers are equipped with knowledge of best practices in CRP practices. Additionally, with the increase in creation of elementary online learning programs throughout the country, it is important that teachers are equipped with knowledge of best practices for online teaching and learning. The research question addressed in this capstone project is: How …

Puerto Ricans And Mexican Immigrants Differ In Their Psychological Responses To Patterns Of Lifetime Adversity, Daniel K. Cooper, Mayra Bámaca-Colbert, Eric K. Layland, Emily G. Simpson, Benjamin L. Bayly

Faculty Publications

Background Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants are often exposed to multiple types of adversity across their lifetime (e.g., maltreatment, household dysfunction, discrimination) and this exposure can increase the risk for adult mental health problems. Purpose The objective of this study was to (a) identify subgroups of individuals exposed to unique combinations of childhood adversity and lifetime discrimination among Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants, and (b) compare the prevalence of mental health problems across different risk profiles. Method We used existing data from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Participants included Puerto Rican (N = 402) and Mexican adults (N = 1351) …

Smc Fact Book 2021-2022, Saint Mary's College Of California

SMC Fact Book

No abstract provided.

Light & Faith: October 2021, Taylor University

Light & Faith

No abstract provided.

Geneseo Authors Celebration 2021, Milne Library

Geneseo Authors Celebration

No abstract provided.

Using Increased Trust In Medical Researchers To Increase Minority Recruitment: The Recruit Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial, Barbara C Tilley, Arch G Mainous, Rossybelle P Amorrortu, M Diane Mckee, Daniel W Smith, Ruosha Li, Stacia M Desantis, Sally W Vernon, Gary Koch, Marvella E Ford, Vanessa Diaz, Jennifer Alvidrez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

While extensive literature exists on barriers and strategies to increase minority participation in clinical trials, progress is limited. Few strategies were evaluated in randomized trials. We studied the impact of RECRUIT, a trust-based, cluster randomized minority recruitment trial layered on top of four traditional NIH-funded parent trials (BMT CTN, CABANA, PACES, STEADY-PD III; fifty specialty sites). RECRUIT was conducted from July 2013 through April 2017. Intervention sites implemented trust-based approaches customized to individual sites, promoting relationships between physician-investigators and minority-serving physicians and their minority patients. Control sites implemented only parent trials' recruitment procedures. Adjusting for within-site clustering, we detected no …

Barriers To Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: A Systematic Review, Trisha L Amboree, Charles Darkoh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with poor health outcomes, including cervical cancer. Racial/ethnic minority populations experience poor health outcomes associated with HPV at higher rates. A vaccine is available to protect against HPV infections and prevent HPV-related sequelae; however, vaccination rates have remained low in the United States (U.S.) population. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase the HPV vaccination rate. Moreover, little is known about barriers to HPV vaccination in racial/ethnic minority groups. This paper highlights the most recent findings on barriers experienced by these groups.

METHODS: The PubMed database was searched on July 30, 2020, for …

Praxis And Paradox: Inside The Black Box Of Eviction Court, Lauren Sudeall, Daniel Pasciuti

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

In the American legal system, we typically conceive of legal disputes as governed by specific rules and procedures, resolved in a formalized court setting, with lawyers shepherding both parties through an adversarial process involving the introduction of evidence and burdens of proof. The often-highlighted exception to this understanding is the mass, assembly-line processing of cases, whether civil or criminal, in large, urban, lower-level courts. The gap left unfilled by either of these two narratives is how "court" functions for the average unrepresented litigant in smaller and nonurban jurisdictions across the United States.

For many tenants facing eviction, elements of the …

Appreciating Large Classes: Using Appreciative Inquiry To Foster A Hospitable Learning Space For Experiential Learning, Mai P. Trinh, Chantal Van Esch, Hector A. Martinez, Tracey Messer

Management Faculty Publications

Experiential learning has been documented as an effective method for student learning, yet its use in large-enrollment classes remains limited. Kolb’s experiential learning theory emphasizes that experiential learning requires a hospitable learning space (HLS) that is conducive to learning. In this article, we reframe the challenges to experiential learning in large classes as a failure to create and maintain an HLS, and we propose Appreciative inquiry as one solution to this problem. Appreciative inquiry is an organizational development methodology that practitioners have successfully used to engage large groups to leverage their strengths and resources. First, we describe the HLS as …

James Doti And The 25 Year Transformation Of A West Coast University: A Case Study, Adejoke Kassim, Jim Zabloski

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research was conducted at Chapman University, Orange County, California, to explore the transformational leadership practices of Dr. James Doti, professor of Economics and president emeritus of Chapman University from 1991-2016, who led its transformation from a sleepy liberal arts college in Southern California to a midsized university of national stature. The theoretical framework for the study was the transformational leadership theory by Burns (1978) and Bass (1985). This study investigated the president’s demonstration of the four components of transformational leadership as identified by Bass: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individual Consideration. Data collection was via interviews, document analysis, …

The Religion Of Race: The Supreme Court As Priests Of Racial Politics, Audra Savage

Utah Law Review

The tumultuous summer of 2020 opened the eyes of many Americans, leading to a general consensus on one issue—racism still exists. This Article offers a new descriptive account of America’s history that can contextualize the zeitgeist of racial politics. It argues that the Founding Fathers created a national civil religion based on racism when they compromised on the issue of slavery in the creation of the Constitution. This religion, called the Religion of Race, is built on a belief system where whiteness is sacred and Blackness is profane. The sacred text is the Constitution, and it is interpreted by the …