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2021-2022 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog

Population Assessment To Determine The Eligibility For Birth Center Care At University Of Kentucky Midwife Clinic, Dolores Polito

DNP Projects

Background: The COVID-19 crisis prompted patients to inquire about their options to avoid going to the hospital for birth. Outside of the hospital, birth center care has been identified as an evidence-based model for healthy women during pregnancy and birth, but it is not available in Kentucky.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if there are women eligible for birth center care who have been part of a nurse midwifery service and given birth in a large, academic, tertiary care setting.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was used for this study. It involved a collection of …

Entrenched Racial Hierarchy: Educational Inequality From The Cradle To The Lsat, Kevin Woodson

Law Faculty Publications

For my contribution to this special issue of the Minnesota Law Review, I will attempt to situate the problem of black underrepresentation at America’s law schools within the broader context of racial hierarchy in American society. The former has generated an extensive body of legal scholarship and commentary, centering primarily on the racial impact of law schools’ admissions criteria and procedures, particularly the substantial weight placed upon the Law School Admissions Test (“LSAT”). This focus is understandable: given the substantial racial disparities in LSAT performance and the test’s relatively limited value in predicting academic and professional outcomes, it makes sense …

When Failure Is An Option: A Scoping Review Of Failure States In Game-Based Learning, F. Eamonn Powers, Robert L. Moore

STEMPS Faculty Publications

As interest in the use of games and gaming elements within learning environments grows, educators and designers may find it easier to account for winning than for losing and failure. This scoping review examines the role of failure and loss within game-based instructional interventions. Because of the varied methods and relatively small number of articles directly addressing the intersection between failure and loss within game-based instructional interventions, a scoping review was undertaken. This review included 14 peer-reviewed articles which explored a range of instructional contexts implementing failure state game mechanics. We identify several key takeaways that indicate how failure state …

A Crisis Of Erasure: Transgender And Gender-Nonconforming Populations Navigating Breast Cancer Health Information, Curtis Shane Tenney, Karl J. Surkan, Lynette Hammond Gerido, Dawn Betts-Green

STEMPS Faculty Publications

In this paper, we use the topic of breast cancer as an example of health crisis erasure in both informational and institutional contexts, particularly within the transgender and gender-nonconforming population. Breast cancer health information conforms and defaults to conventional cultural associations with femininity, as is the case with pregnancy and other “single-sex” conditions (Surkan, 2015). Many health information and research practices normalize sexualities, pathologize non-normative gender (Drescher et al., 2012; Fish, 2008; Müller, 2018), and fail to recognize gender-nonconforming categories (Frohard‐Dourlent et al., 2017). Because breast cancer health information is sexually normalized, an information boundary exists for the LGBTQ+ community, …

"Bad Boys" To Bigger Problems: A Study On Masculinity And Mental Health, Yesenia Conde

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Enacting gendered behaviors and using gendered resources has been a way for boys to "do masculinity." One place where boys do masculinity is the public school system. It plays a large role in facilitating adolescent youths' exposure to peer groups where they learn gendered behaviors. Our culturally imposed social script for hegemonic masculinity emphasizes strength and social dominance which can be seen to influence a variety of psychological areas. This thesis examines the relationship between hegemonic masculine traits and mental health. Mental health and masculinity were operationalized and measured using the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey containing measures of masculinity, …

Toupee Or Not Toupee?: Cranial Hair And Perceptions Of Men’S Attractiveness, Personality, And Other Evolutionary Relevant Traits, T. Joel Wade, Maryanne L. Fisher, Rebecca L. Burch

Faculty Journal Articles

The question of whether or not cranial hair affects perceptions of attractiveness, personality, career success, and other traits related to fitness for men in two populations was investigated in two experiments. Experiment 1 used a 2 (race) × 2 (cranial hair of man) design, and examined attractiveness, fitness, and socially desirable personality measures. Experiment 2 used a 2 (race) × 2 (cranial hair) design to determine perceived attractiveness, fitness-related traits, and the Big-5 dimensions of personality. Amount of cranial hair did not affect personality ratings on the dimensions of the Big-5 but did affect perceived socially desired aspects of personality …

การเปิดรับข่าวสาร และรูปแบบการดำเนินชีวิตของผู้บริโภคกลุ่ม "ยังก์โอลด์" (Young Old), วรารัตน์ วัฒนเลิศพงศ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อสำรวจการเปิดรับข่าวสาร และเพื่ออธิบายรูปแบบการดำเนินชีวิตของผู้บริโภคกลุ่ม “ยังก์โอลด์” (Young Old) ซึ่งเป็นผู้ที่มีสัญชาติไทย เกิดในช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2496 - 2505 ยังใช้ชีวิตด้วยความคล่องแคล่ว กระฉับกระเฉง เข้าร่วมกิจกรรมทางสังคม รู้สึกว่าตนเองไม่แก่ อยากเรียนรู้สิ่งใหม่ ๆ เพื่อพัฒนาตนเองอยู่เสมอ ใช้รูปแบบการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ เก็บข้อมูลด้วยแบบสอบถามออนไลน์จากกลุ่มตัวอย่างอายุ 60 - 69 ปี จำนวน 450 คน วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางสถิติด้วยวิธีการวิเคราะห์สถิติเชิงพรรณนา (Descriptive analysis) และการวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบ (Factor analysis) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ผู้บริโภคกลุ่ม “ยังก์โอลด์” (Young Old) มีการเปิดรับข่าวสารผ่านสื่อบุคคลอยู่ในระดับมาก ได้แก่ ลูกหลาน ญาติ และเพื่อน ขณะที่มีการเปิดรับข่าวสารผ่านสื่อใหม่ในระดับปานกลาง โดย 3 อันดับแรก ได้แก่ ไลน์ เฟซบุ๊ก และยูทูบ และมีการเปิดรับข่าวสารผ่านสื่อดั้งเดิมในระดับปานกลาง โดย 3 อันดับแรก ได้แก่ โทรทัศน์ วิทยุ และหนังสือพิมพ์ รูปแบบการดำเนินชีวิตของผู้บริโภคกลุ่ม “ยังก์โอลด์” (Young Old) สามารถแบ่งได้เป็น 5 กลุ่ม ดังนี้ 1. กลุ่มหัวสมัยใหม่ ใส่ใจคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดี 2. กลุ่มไม่สนใจใคร ใส่ใจเพียงตนเอง 3. กลุ่มตามกระแสและแคร์ภาพลักษณ์ 4. กลุ่มใช้ชีวิตให้สุด ไม่หยุดอยู่ที่บ้าน 5. กลุ่มสังคมมิตรภาพและธรรมชาติกลมเกลียว

"It All Just Ends": Death Attitudes Across Age, Gender, And Religion, Bekah Bass

Honors Program Theses

Death is a social and biological reality that affects everyone.However,the effects of death are not uniform. Data for this study were collected from a convenience sample (N=322) through an online survey distributed through social media and email (January and February 2021). The survey utilizes the Death Attitudes Profile –Revised by Wong, Reker, and Gesser (1994) to investigate differences in death attitudes across different demographics including age, gender, and religion. Results show correlations between positive, neutral, and negative death attitudes and the age of respondents, suggesting that negative death attitudes decrease as one ages, and certain types of positive attitudes increase. …

Literature Review: Improving End-Of-Life Care And Creating A Good Death, Erna Smlatic

Honors Program Theses

The need for quality end-of-life care has increased drastically around the world in the last few centuries due to a surge in life expectancy. As people are living much longer, they are developing and succumbing to chronic progressive diseases which can significantly decrease quality of life. But what exactly does it mean to care for the aging population who are nearing death? Defining quality care at the end-of-life is important but also differs for individuals based on a variety of factors including age, culture, and life experiences. End-of-life care does not come as “one size fits all” and it challenges …

Unmasking America's Reaction To Face Masks: A Review Of The Literature, Tyler Caruthers

Public Health Theses

The United States has faced challenges in reestablishing normalcy as we learn to live with COVID-19. This has included adhering to competent infection containment guidelines. Despite evidence that masks can assist in COVID-19 transmission reduction, the mere suggestion has sparked outrage, violence, and even death in communities across the country. To safely reintroduce any semblance of normalcy that has been lost over the last year, it is critical to consider the variables that influence one's internal personal perspectives and to comprehend how this influences various behavioral responses. Several critical risk communication principles can aid scientists in better understanding how people …

Overseen And Overlooked: Knowledge Production And Care In Public Health Surveillance, Krzysztof Wojciech Chwala

Public Health Theses

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing was implemented as a public health measure to prevent the further spread of disease. In this thesis, I analyze contact tracing as a case study of public health surveillance. I argue that public health does not sufficiently study the social components and consequences of its surveillant activities, and as a result is hyperopic; it sees health-related phenomena at a distance with clarity, but has not brought its own logics under view. To remedy this, I utilize perspectives from the field of surveillance studies, which studies surveillance as social and cultural phenomena. …

An Exploration Of Race Differences In Network Exposures To Mass Incarceration, Jessica Lee

Public Health Theses

A growing literature suggests that mass incarceration impacts not only the individual who is incarcerated, but also their partners, family members, and children. However, few studies have examined race differences in network exposure to mass incarceration. This study explores associations between race and various measures of network exposure to incarceration: relationships, interactions with the criminal legal system, and housing. We draw on data from the 2017-2018 baseline survey from the Justice, Housing, and Health Study. Descriptive statistics show that Black respondents are more likely to experience each event we examined compared to whites, except for parental incarceration and receiving threats …

(De)Constructing The Grocery Store: An Ethnographic Examination Of Spatial Characteristics And Their Implications For Social Inclusion, Madeline Hoai Chau Nguyen

Public Health Theses

I acknowledge that this research was conducted on land stolen from the Mattabesic, Paugusett, and Schaghticoke tribes which is currently occupied by a Western colonial power.

This study examines the physical characteristics of the interior of New Haven grocery stores and how these are designed to socially include or exclude racial minorities. Drawing upon critical race theory and using ethnographic research methods, I analyze similarities and differences amongst selected independent American and Asian grocery stores and how they communicate their cultural values to various social groups. Even if it is not explicit, white supremacist values are embedded in these spaces. …

The Impact Of The Accuracy Of Hiv Risk Perception On Hiv Risk Behavior Changes Among Women With Substance Use Disorders In Treatment., Yiwen Ye

Public Health Theses

Studies involving women or women with SUDs for PrEP are limited even though in many areas of the world women remain at high-risk for HIV acquisition. This study is to evaluate the impact of accuracy of HIV risk perception on HIV risk behaviors changes over time among women with substance use disorders in treatment, including sexual and injecting risk behaviors. This is a secondary analysis based on a preference controlled un-blinded study. This study enrolled 165 cis- or trans-female volunteers ≥18 years old who were self-reported HIV-uninfected, had diagnosed SUDs, and were presenting for or currently enrolled in drug treatment. …

The Crisis Of Chad: Men’S Rights Movements And Contemporary Anti-Feminism, Kendrick Zapata

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis analyzes the relationship between the modern incel and manosphere movement, and its historical legacies in anti-feminist discourses in late 20th century men's rights movements. The manosphere is a collection of online videos, forums, blogs, and websites dedicated to raising awareness or promoting masculinist philosophies. Incels in particular are individuals that understand their lack of sexual interaction as inherent, and often interact in digital spaces with others. Incel beliefs range from calling for the reversal of women’s rights, to seeking advice on self-improvement forums that offer advice to young men seeking to improve their physique through diet and exercise. …

How Do Art Teachers Describe The Ways In Which Choice-Based Art Lessons May Contribute To An Inclusive Learning Environment?, Skylar M. Gerken

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this research was to highlight the many different ways art educators in New York City create lessons, prompts, and projects with the use of choice-based lessons. By using a choice-based curriculum students will become empowered to make artworks that best represent them. When working within choice-based parameters an inclusive classroom can emerge. The research is backed by literature, theorists and educators that work or have worked in the field of art education. The topic explores how choice should be at the forefront of lesson making, if educators are interested in creating a classroom that could be seen …

The Internal Determinants Of International Organization Actorness: The European Union And Climate Change?, Vanessa West

Dissertations and Theses

Climate change mitigation and adaptation requires global, coordinated responses. Each region/country must do its part, led by multinational, multilateral actors and organizations on the local, national and regional level. The European Union (EU) is the region’s representative. The effectiveness of the Union, as an actor has been the subject of constant debate and scrutiny. A review of existing International Relations (IR) theories and literature outlines the many factors and conditions that influence and facilitate the EU’s ability to exert power and authority on this issue. Drawing on that existing body of knowledge, this paper will argue the EU’s capacity as …

Ethnic Conflict In Côte D’Ivoire, Ayouba Doumbia

Dissertations and Theses

Since the early days of independence, the African continent has been the theatre of many ethnic conflicts. While people, in general, assume these conflicts to be political and blame the conflicts on authoritarian regimes, they dismissed the fact that conflict between ethnicities is a phenomenon that has occurred for hundreds of years and in all corners of the Earth. Entire countries have been devastated by years of ethnic strife. Once ethnic conflict breaks out, it is difficult to stop. Conflicts in the Balkans, Rwanda, Chechnya, Iraq, and Darfur are among the deadliest examples from the late 20^th and early …

Exploring A Mediational Model Of The Relationship Between Skin Color And Mate Selection In Desi Young Adults, Rabiya Ahmed

Dissertations and Theses

Skin color bias is present in South Asia and is especially apparent within the Desi (i.e., South Asian) marriage market, where explicit preferences for fair-skinned marital partners are made and lighter skin is perceived as more attractive. It is also known that, through the halo effect, attractive people are perceived to possess positive personality traits. The present study aimed to determine if skin color is associated with long-term mate preference among U.S.-based Desi adults as it is among Desi in South Asia, and if so, if that relationship is mediated by perceived attractiveness. It also aimed to determine if, in …

Timing Of Sexual Minority Identity Developmental Milestones And Well-Being Among Three Generations Of Gay Men, Joseph R. Hillesheim

Dissertations and Theses

Social and political changes during recent decades have contributed to a more accepting environment for sexual minorities (non-heterosexual individuals) in the U.S., but recent evidence suggests that these shifts may create a “developmental collision” for younger generations (Meyer et al., 2021; Russell & Fish, 2019). Younger generations of sexual minorities “come out” and reach other sexual identity milestones earlier than older generations, and earlier timing of sexual identity development may contribute to increased vulnerability to stigma. The present study aimed to contribute to limited research on the relationship between the timing of sexual identity development milestones and well-being among three …

Henry Adams: An Education In Autobiography, Marcellus Richie

Dissertations and Theses

This essay will begin by breaking down Henry Adams’s starting sentence in his autobiography word by word, piece by piece – pondering its meanings and permutations in the context of subsequent chapters of this iconic memoir. The essay will then consider whether Adams’s Education should still be regarded as a classic of American autobiography or seen merely as an irrelevant and out-of-date artifact. In a nation radically transformed since Adams’s time, does the book still deserve its high flung reputation? In other words, which of the images cited above is most relevant to The Education: an image of optimistic youth …

The Impact Of The International Monetary Fund’S 2016 – 2019 Loan To Egypt On The Country’S Development, Anasimon Takla

Dissertations and Theses

The primary objective of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is growth. The organization and its programs can enable the development of nations across the globe and stimulate growth. However, due to weaknesses in its system with conditions that are offered as blanket solutions for unique problems as well as unequal bargaining terms, the IMF can exacerbate the situation in nations that are already suffering with crises. Following years of unrest after the Arab Spring, Egypt finds itself in an unwieldly position having both vowed to increasing its development as well as introduced major reforms based on IMF recommendations in order …

The Push Factors That Impact Sex Trafficking In The Former Soviet Union, Liliya Kenzhebayeva

Dissertations and Theses

Sex trafficking is a global problem that has been denounced by the international community as a human rights abuse and determined to be a modern form of slavery. Through a comparative analysis of the experiences of Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine as they were a part of the Soviet Union the study identifies the push factors of sex trafficking in women as forced labor with particular emphasis on the role of weak legal systems and state institutions, corruption, social and economic factors, and environmental problems that are linked to organized crime (the Russian mafia) from 2001 to 2019. The thesis supports …

Wrongful Extradition: Reforming The Committal Phase Of Canada’S Extradition Law, Robert Currie

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

There has recently been an upswing in interest around extradition in Canada, particularly in light of the high-profile and troubling case of Hassan Diab who was extradited to France on the basis of what turned out to be an ill-founded case. Diab’s case highlights some of the problems with Canada’s Extradition Act and proceedings thereunder. This paper argues that the “committal stage” of extradition proceedings, involving a judicial hearing into the basis of the requesting state’s case, is unfair and may not be compliant with the Charter and that the manner in which the Crown conducts these proceedings contributes to …

Resource Curse In Kenya’S Coastal Region: A Symptom Of Institutional Failure, George Atisa

Public Affairs and Security Studies Faculty Publications

Regions endowed with abundant natural resources are expected to thrive economically, but this is not the case for Kenya’s coastal region. Communities in this region believe they are working hard enough but are still held in abject poverty by circumstances not of their own making. This state of development raises one pertinent question – who is responsible for this poor state of development and rampant poverty? When it is about an individual, it is easy to attach success to talent and hard work, and sometimes sheer luck, but it is difficult to generalize the “hard-working” argument to an entire community …

A Moral And Pragmatic Analysis Of Debt And North–South Economic Inequality, George Atisa

Public Affairs and Security Studies Faculty Publications

The North–South inequality hurts both high- and low-income countries in many respects, both directly and indirectly. At the same time, workers from low-income countries work just as hard as those from high-income countries but are often held in abject poverty by circumstances not of their own making. The question the study tries to find answers for is: why do hard-working individuals in both the North and the South bring home different levels of income, yielding big differences in per capita income globally and what can be done about it? Current pro-poor growth policies that include handouts, loans or relocating industries …

Becoming Citizens: Policy Feedback And The Transformation Of The Thai Rice Farmer, Jacob Ricks, Thanapan Laiprakobsub

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Over the past twenty years, Thailand’s rice farmers have become one of the country’s most important and active political constituencies, a sharp contrast from the previous decades wherein they were treated with neglect or even derision by the Thai political elite. These “political peasants” now actively advocate for and successfully receive extensive subsidies from both authoritarian and democratic governments. What has driven this change? In this essay, we draw on theories of the policy feedback loop wherein policies yield both material and cognitive benefits, which change the political behavior of populations. We argue that the Thaksin Shinawatra government’s (2001-2006) paddy …

Understanding International Immobility Through Internal Migration: ‘Left Behind’ Nurses In The Philippines, Yasmin Y. Ortiga, Romeo Luis A. Macabasag

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Migration scholars have tended to portray internal mobility as a step toward broader cross-border movement, reinforcing the notion of ongoing progress toward international migration. This article argues for a need to recognize how internal mobility can also explain international immobility, or why people do not move across national borders. Using the case of Filipino nurses, we argue that while internal migration does allow aspiring migrants to build the potential ability to emigrate, individual trajectories are much more diverse and multi-directional, often prolonging or reinforcing their international immobility. As a result, and in our case study, the costs and burdens of …

Does Ict Result In Dematerialization? The Case Of Europe, 2005-2017, Annika Marie Rieger

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Current levels of resource use are unsustainable, but there is a debate about the most feasible way to reduce them. One proposed mechanism is technological innovation: specifically, the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) could result in significant reductions in material consumption by substituting virtual for material goods, increasing resource efficiency, and replacing more resource-intensive sectors. Critics of this view argue that dematerialization due to ICTs is unlikely: they consume large amounts of resources and encourage additional consumption. Additionally, increased efficiency resulting from ICT use could lead to rebound effects, reducing their environmentally beneficial impact. This paper uses a …