Digital Commons Network^™

The Quality Of Intervention Reporting In Trials Of Therapeutic Exercise For Hip Osteoarthritis: A Secondary Analysis Of A Systematic Review, Louise C. Burgess, Thomas C. Wainwright, Khara A. James, Johan Von Heideken, Maura D. Iversen

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Therapeutic exercise is recommended as a core treatment for hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Whilst it is widely accepted that exercise can improve pain and disability, optimal type and dose of exercise are yet to be agreed upon. This may, in part, be attributed to the wide variation and inadequate reporting of interventions within the literature. This study evaluates the quality of intervention reporting among trials of therapeutic exercise in HOA.

Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were sourced in a systematic review, completed in August 2020. Two raters independently used the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) and Consensus on …

Flop To Flip: Integrating Technology And Team-Based Learning To Improve Student Engagement, Diana Veneri, Elizabeth M. Mongillo

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Purpose: The first attempt to develop and instruct a new course in evidence-based practice in a physical therapy curriculum proved problematic. The purpose of this paper is to describe the method of revising this traditionally taught course using a combination of flipping the classroom, team-based learning, and technology. Methods: Working with an Instructional Design Specialist, a weekly online preparatory module was created for each content topic using a variety of multimedia learning provisions including micro learning videos (PowerPoint with voiceover), transcript of the PowerPoint, a list of vocabulary words, reading, Quizlet, Flipgrids and Concept Checks. Each week’s module was introduced …

Counterterrorism 2.0, Deborah Pearlstein

Articles

Are there any lessons to be gleaned for combatting the rising threat of white nationalist terrorism today from the U.S. response to the attacks of 9/11 twenty years on? This symposium reflection suggests that among the most important lessons may be in avoiding the conceptually defining characteristics of the early U.S. response in 2001. Detainee torture and abuse, the embrace of trial by newly formed military commission, and other misguided policies and practices whose effects are still felt today were set in motion in the first few weeks after the attacks, driven by the instinct to do something, bolstered by …

Defining Who Is An Employee After A.B.5: Trading Uniformity And Simplicity For Expanded Coverage, Edward A. Zelinsky

Articles

My assessment of California’s A.B.5 differs from the evaluation advanced by the advocates and opponents of that legislation: I conclude that A.B.5 made a significant but limited expansion of the coverage of California labor law but at a notable cost. Even as A.B.5 broadened the reach of the Golden State’s labor protections, A.B.5 also made the definition of "employee” more complex and less uniform. Those seeking federal or state legislation like A.B.5 confront the same trade-off under which greater coverage is achieved at the expense of more complexity and less uniformity in the definition of who is an employee. The …

The Nanograv 12.5 Yr Data Set: Wideband Timing Of 47 Millisecond Pulsars, Md F. Alam, Zaven Arzoumanian, Paul T. Baker, Harsha Blumer, Keith E. Bohler, Keeisi Caballero, Richard S. Camuccio, Yhamil Garcia, Jing Luo

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present a new analysis of the profile data from the 47 millisecond pulsars comprising the 12.5 yr data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, which is presented in a parallel paper (Alam et al., hereafter NG12.5). Our reprocessing is performed using “wideband” timing methods, which use frequency-dependent template profiles, simultaneous time-of-arrival (TOA) and dispersion measure (DM) measurements from broadband observations, and novel analysis techniques. In particular, the wideband DM measurements are used to constrain the DM portion of the timing model. We compare the ensemble timing results to those in NG12.5 by examining the …

New Federalism And Civil Rights Enforcement, Alexander A. Reinert, Joanna C. Schwartz, James E. Pfander

Articles

Calls for change to the infrastructure of civil rights enforcement have grown more insistent in the past several years, attracting support from a wide range of advocates, scholars, and federal, state, and local officials. Much of the attention has focused on federal-level reforms, including proposals to overrule Supreme Court doctrines that stop many civil rights lawsuits in their tracks. But state and local officials share responsibility for the enforcement of civil rights and have underappreciated powers to adopt reforms of their own. This Article evaluates a range of state and local interventions, including the adoption of state law causes of …

Entitlement To Punishment, Kyron J. Huigens

Articles

This Article advances the idea of entitlement to punishment as the core of a normative theory of legal punishment's moral justification. It presents an alternative to normative theories of punishment premised on desert or public welfare; that is, to retributivism and consequentialism. The argument relies on H.L.A. Hart's theory of criminal law as a "choosing system," his theory of legal rules, and his theory of rights. It posits the advancement of positive freedom as a morally justifying function of legal punishment.

An entitlement to punishment is a unique, distinctive legal relation. We impose punishment when an offender initiates an ordered …

Biopolitics' New Iteration: Gay Men, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis And The Pharmaco-Pornographic Imagination, Rory David Crath, J. Cristian Rangel, Adam Gaubinger

School for Social Work: Faculty Publications

This article builds upon Paul Preciado’s conceptualisation of pharmaco-pornographic power to understand the ongoing affects and effects of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) on queer men’s sexual socialities and subjectivities. Drawing from a new-materialist epistemology, we analyze data from a sexual health pilot study in NYC to trace the techno-sexual health assemblages forming in queer life worlds. Our analysis suggests that these assemblages, entangling PrEP and other pharmacological substances, pornographic imaginaries together with mediatic technologies and public health rationalties, are creating paradoxical desires and practices of intimacy that are both normative and exceed rational health-actor logics and normative understandings of risk. These …

Extension Of Marriage Benefit To Long-Distance Relationship: Comparative Evidence From East Asia, Tidarat Puranachaikere, Bahareh Sahebi, Christine M. Aiello, Shveta Kumaria, Tamara G. Sher

School for Social Work: Faculty Publications

Background: Being married is related to better physical and mental health compared to being single or in an unmarried relationship. For those in long-distance relationship (LDR), there are mixed findings in psychological and physical health outcomes when compared to individuals in proximal relationship (PR).

Objective: To explore the health differences between those in LDRs and PRs in a larger and non-Western sample with more health behaviors than had been previously assessed.

Materials and Methods: The present study analyzed the data from the East Asian Social Survey (EASS) comparing health variables and health habits between LDR and PR participants. There were …

Unfriendly Fire: How The Tobacco Industry Is Destroying The Future Of Our Children, Andrew Bush, Thomas Ferkol, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tobacco has long been known to be one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in the adults, but the effects on the foetus and young children, which are lifelong, have been less well appreciated. Developing from this are electronic nicotine delivery systems or vapes, promulgated as being less harmful than tobacco. Nicotine itself is toxic to the foetus, with permanent effects on lung structure and function. Most vapes contain nicotine, but they also contain many other compounds which are inhaled and for which there are no toxicity studies. They also contain known toxic substances, whose use is banned …

Clinical Research Coordinator Orientation Manual, Kaitlin Moore, Tarisa Mantia, Jean Flanagan, Kristin Geile, Andrea Morris, Sarah Fowler-Dixon

HRPO Publications

No abstract provided.

A Genetic Mouse Model With Postnatal Nf1 And P53 Loss Recapitulates The Histology And Transcriptome Of Human Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor, Akira Inoue, Laura J Janke, Brian L Gudenas, Hongjian Jin, Yiping Fan, Joshua Paré, Michael R Clay, Paul A Northcott, Angela C Hirbe, Xinwei Cao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive sarcomas. Somatic inactivation of

METHODS: We combined 2 genetically modified alleles, an

RESULTS: Postnatal

CONCLUSIONS: The NP-Plp model recapitulates human MPNST genetically, histologically, and molecularly.

The Next Generation Of Ocular Pathogen Detection, Sharon L. Sabapathypillai, Hayley R. James, Rachael R. L. Lyerla, Lynn Hassman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is a powerful method for pathogen detection that combines advanced genome sequencing technology with cutting-edge bioinformatics to analyze microbial populations. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing has the potential to identify uncommon, unculturable, and even previously unidentified pathogens from a clinical isolate. Of particular interest to ophthalmology, this robust data extraction can occur from very small volume clinical samples. Here we discuss the opportunities and limitations of this technique and their current and future application to ophthalmic diagnostics.

Crowdsourced Assessment Of Surgical Skill Proficiency In Cataract Surgery, Grace L Paley, Rebecca Grove, Tejas C Sekhar, Jack Pruett, Michael V Stock, Tony N Pira, Steven M Shields, Evan L Waxman, Bradley S Wilson, Mae O Gordon, Susan M Culican

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To test whether crowdsourced lay raters can accurately assess cataract surgical skills.

DESIGN: Two-armed study: independent cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts.

SETTING: Washington University Department of Ophthalmology.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Sixteen cataract surgeons with varying experience levels submitted cataract surgery videos to be graded by 5 experts and 300+ crowdworkers masked to surgeon experience. Cross-sectional study: 50 videos from surgeons ranging from first-year resident to attending physician, pooled by years of training. Longitudinal study: 28 videos obtained at regular intervals as residents progressed through 180 cases. Surgical skill was graded using the modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (mOSATS). …

Transmission Dynamics: Data Sharing In The Covid-19 Era, Randi E Foraker, Albert M Lai, Thomas G Kannampallil, Keith F Woeltje, Anne M Trolard, Philip R O Payne

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Problem: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscores the need for building and sustaining public health data infrastructure to support a rapid local, regional, national, and international response. Despite a historical context of public health crises, data sharing agreements and transactional standards do not uniformly exist between institutions which hamper a foundational infrastructure to meet data sharing and integration needs for the advancement of public health.

Approach: There is a growing need to apply population health knowledge with technological solutions to data transfer, integration, and reasoning, to improve health in a broader learning health system ecosystem. To achieve this, …

A Modified Delphi Approach To Develop A Trial Protocol For Antibiotic De-Escalation In Patients With Suspected Sepsis, Michael E Yarrington, Rebekah W Moehring, Michael Z David, Keith W Hamilton, Michael Klompas, Chanu Rhee, Kevin Hsueh, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Ronda L Sinkowitz-Cochran, Matthew Ryan, Deverick J Anderson, Detours Expert Panel Of The Cdc Prevention Epicenters Program

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Early administration of antibiotics in sepsis is associated with improved patient outcomes, but safe and generalizable approaches to de-escalate or discontinue antibiotics after suspected sepsis events are unknown.

Methods: We used a modified Delphi approach to identify safety criteria for an opt-out protocol to guide de-escalation or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy after 72 hours in non-ICU patients with suspected sepsis. An expert panel with expertise in antimicrobial stewardship and hospital epidemiology rated 48 unique criteria across 3 electronic survey rating tools. Criteria were rated primarily based on their impact on patient safety and feasibility for extraction from electronic health …

Smaller Spared Subcortical Nuclei Are Associated With Worse Post-Stroke Sensorimotor Outcomes In 28 Cohorts Worldwide, Sook-Lei Liew, Catherine E Lang, Anup K Bhattacharya, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Up to two-thirds of stroke survivors experience persistent sensorimotor impairments. Recovery relies on the integrity of spared brain areas to compensate for damaged tissue. Deep grey matter structures play a critical role in the control and regulation of sensorimotor circuits. The goal of this work is to identify associations between volumes of spared subcortical nuclei and sensorimotor behaviour at different timepoints after stroke. We pooled high-resolution T

Cerebrospinal Fluid Ncam-1 Concentration Is Associated With Neurodevelopmental Outcome In Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Of Prematurity, David D. Limbrick, Diego M. Morales, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: Efforts directed at mitigating neurological disability in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are limited by a dearth of quantifiable metrics capable of predicting long-term outcome. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of PHH and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants undergoing neurosurgical treatment for PHH.

STUDY DESIGN: Preterm infants with PHH were enrolled across the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network. CSF samples were collected at the time of temporizing neurosurgical procedure (n = 98). Amyloid precursor protein (APP), L1CAM, NCAM-1, and total protein (TP) were compared …

Are Fc Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms Important In Hiv-1 Infection Outcomes And Latent Reservoir Size?, Helena Lamptey, Evelyn Y Bonney, Bright Adu, George B Kyei

Open Access Publications

Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins which trigger specific effector-cell responses when cross-linked with the Fc portions of immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies. During HIV-1 infection, the course of disease progression, ART response, and viral reservoir size vary in different individuals. Several factors may account for these differences; however, Fc gamma receptor gene polymorphisms, which influence receptor binding to IgG antibodies, are likely to play a key role. FcγRIIa (CD32) was recently reported as a potential marker for latent HIV reservoir, however, this assertion is still inconclusive. Whether FcγR polymorphisms influence the size of the viral reservoir, remains an important …

Mri Radiomic Signature Of White Matter Hyperintensities Is Associated With Clinical Phenotypes, Martin Bretzner, Laura Heitsch, Chia-Ling Phuah, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Objective: Neuroimaging measurements of brain structural integrity are thought to be surrogates for brain health, but precise assessments require dedicated advanced image acquisitions. By means of quantitatively describing conventional images, radiomic analyses hold potential for evaluating brain health. We sought to: (1) evaluate radiomics to assess brain structural integrity by predicting white matter hyperintensities burdens (WMH) and (2) uncover associations between predictive radiomic features and clinical phenotypes.

Methods: We analyzed a multi-site cohort of 4,163 acute ischemic strokes (AIS) patients with T2-FLAIR MR images with total brain and WMH segmentations. Radiomic features were extracted from normal-appearing brain tissue (brain mask-WMH …

The Fidelity Of Dna Replication, Particularly On Gc-Rich Templates, Is Reduced By Defects Of The Fe-S Cluster In Dna Polymerase Δ, Denis A. Kiktev, Margaret Dominska, Tony Zhang, Joseph Dahl, Elena I. Stepchenkova, Piotr Mieczkowski, Peter M. Burgers, Scott Lujan, Adam Burkholder, Thomas A. Kunkel, Thomas D. Petes

Open Access Publications

Iron-sulfur clusters (4Fe-4S) exist in many enzymes concerned with DNA replication and repair. The contribution of these clusters to enzymatic activity is not fully understood. We identified the MET18 (MMS19) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a strong mutator on GC-rich genes. Met18p is required for the efficient insertion of iron-sulfur clusters into various proteins. met18 mutants have an elevated rate of deletions between short flanking repeats, consistent with increased DNA polymerase slippage. This phenotype is very similar to that observed in mutants of POL3 (encoding the catalytic subunit of Pol δ) that weaken binding of the iron-sulfur cluster. Comparable mutants …

Maturation Of Heterogeneity In Afferent Synapse Ultrastructure In The Mouse Cochlea, Shelby A Payne, Matthew S Joens, Heather Chung, Natalie Skigen, Adam Frank, Sonali Gattani, Kya Vaughn, Allison Schwed, Matt Nester, Atri Bhattacharyya, Guhan Iyer, Bethany Davis, Jason Carlquist, Honey Patel, James A J Fitzpatrick, Mark A Rutherford

Open Access Publications

Auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) innervating the same inner hair cell (IHC) may have identical frequency tuning but different sound response properties. In cat and guinea pig, ANF response properties correlate with afferent synapse morphology and position on the IHC, suggesting a causal structure-function relationship. In mice, this relationship has not been fully characterized. Here we measured the emergence of synaptic morphological heterogeneities during maturation of the C57BL/6J mouse cochlea by comparing postnatal day 17 (p17, ∼3 days after hearing onset) with p34, when the mouse cochlea is mature. Using serial block face scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction we measured …

Going Remote: Implementing Digital Research Methods At An Academic Medical Center During Covid-19, Katie E Keenoy, Eric J Lenze, Ginger E Nicol

2020-Current year OA Pubs

COVID-19 has forced medical research institutions to conduct clinical research remotely. Here, we describe how a university's mHealth Research Core helped facilitate the shift to remote research during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019 (pre-pandemic), we conducted stakeholder interviews and leadership group sessions to identify, create, and implement resources and core functions to support investigator-initiated mHealth research. Between April 2019 and February 2020, we identified four investigator needs: 1) a

Improved Gastrointestinal Profile With Diroximel Fumarate Is Associated With A Positive Impact On Quality Of Life Compared With Dimethyl Fumarate: Results From The Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase Iii Evolve-Ms-2 Study, Annette Wundes, Sibyl Wray, Ralf Gold, Barry A Singer, Elzbieta Jasinska, Tjalf Ziemssen, Jerome De Seze, Pavle Repovic, Hailu Chen, Jerome Hanna, Jordan Messer, Catherine Miller, Robert T Naismith

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is a novel oral fumarate approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). DRF demonstrated significantly improved gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability

METHODS: A

RESULTS: In total, 504 patients (DRF,

CONCLUSIONS: The improved GI tolerability with DRF translated into clinically meaningful benefits to QoL, as patients experienced less impact on daily life and work and required less concomitant symptomatic medication use.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03093324].

Cancer-Associated Mesothelial Cells Promote Ovarian Cancer Chemoresistance Through Paracrine Osteopontin Signaling, Jin Qian, Bauer L Lesavage, Kelsea M Hubka, Chenkai Ma, Suchitra Natarajan, Joshua T Eggold, Yiren Xiao, Katherine C Fuh, Venkatesh Krishnan, Annika Enejder, Sarah C Heilshorn, Oliver Dorigo, Erinn B Rankin

Open Access Publications

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological malignancy-related deaths, due to its widespread intraperitoneal metastases and acquired chemoresistance. Mesothelial cells are an important cellular component of the ovarian cancer microenvironment that promote metastasis. However, their role in chemoresistance is unclear. Here, we investigated whether cancer-associated mesothelial cells promote ovarian cancer chemoresistance and stemness in vitro and in vivo. We found that osteopontin is a key secreted factor that drives mesothelial-mediated ovarian cancer chemoresistance and stemness. Osteopontin is a secreted glycoprotein that is clinically associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Mechanistically, ovarian cancer cells induced osteopontin expression …

Mab Das-1 Recognizes 3'-Sulfated Lewis A/C, Which Is Aberrantly Expressed During Metaplastic And Oncogenic Transformation Of Several Gastrointestinal Epithelia, Jeffrey W. Brown, Koushik K. Das, Vasilios Kalas, Kiron M. Das, Jason C. Mills

Open Access Publications

INTRODUCTION: Multiple previous studies have shown the monoclonal antibody Das-1 (formerly called 7E12H12) is specifically reactive towards metaplastic and carcinomatous lesions in multiple organs of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. Barrett's esophagus, intestinal-type metaplasia of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) as well as in other organs (bladder and lung carcinomas). Beyond being a useful biomarker in tissue, mAb Das-1 has recently proven to be more accurate than current paradigms for identifying cysts harboring advanced neoplasia. Though this antibody has been used extensively for clinical, basic science, and translational applications for decades, its epitope has …

Innovations In Md-Only Physician-Scientist Training: Experiences From The Burroughs Wellcome Fund Physician-Scientist Institutional Award Initiative, Allison T Mcelvaine, Jacqueline A Hawkins-Salsbury, Wayne M Yokoyama, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Activated Microglia Mitigate Aβ-Associated Tau Seeding And Spreading, Maud Gratuze, Yun Chen, Samira Parhizkar, Nimansha Jain, Michael R. Strickland, Javier Remolina Serrano, Marco Colonna, Jason D. Ulrich, David M. Holtzman

Open Access Publications

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, AD risk variants in the microglial-expressed TREM2 gene decrease Aβ plaque-associated microgliosis and increase neuritic dystrophy as well as plaque-associated seeding and spreading of tau aggregates. Whether this Aβ-enhanced tau seeding/spreading is due to loss of microglial function or a toxic gain of function in TREM2-deficient microglia is unclear. Depletion of microglia in mice with established brain amyloid has no effect on amyloid but results in less spine and neuronal loss. Microglial repopulation in aged mice improved cognitive and neuronal deficits. In the context of AD pathology, we asked whether microglial removal and repopulation decreased …

Dengue And The Lectin Pathway Of The Complement System, Romchat Kraivong, Nuntaya Punyadee, M Kathryn Liszewski, John P Atkinson, Panisadee Avirutnan

Open Access Publications

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease causing significant health and economic burdens globally. The dengue virus (DENV) comprises four serotypes (DENV1-4). Usually, the primary infection is asymptomatic or causes mild dengue fever (DF), while secondary infections with a different serotype increase the risk of severe dengue disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF). Complement system activation induces inflammation and tissue injury, contributing to disease pathogenesis. However, in asymptomatic or primary infections, protective immunity largely results from the complement system's lectin pathway (LP), which is activated through foreign glycan recognition. Differences in N-glycans displayed on the DENV envelope membrane influence the lectin pattern …

Deep Learning Versus Spectral Techniques For Frequency Estimation Of Single Tones: Reduced Complexity For Software-Defined Radio And Iot Sensor Communications, Hind R. Almayyali, Zahir M. Hussain

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Despite the increasing role of machine learning in various fields, very few works considered artificial intelligence for frequency estimation (FE). This work presents comprehensive analysis of a deep-learning (DL) approach for frequency estimation of single tones. A DL network with two layers having a few nodes can estimate frequency more accurately than well-known classical techniques can. While filling the gap in the existing literature, the study is comprehensive, analyzing errors under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), numbers of nodes, and numbers of input samples under missing SNR information. DL-based FE is not significantly affected by SNR bias or number of nodes. …