Digital Commons Network^™

Smart Electric Meter Deployment In Tanzania: A Survey, Theresia B Maziku, Kwame S Ibwe, Abdi Abdalla, Ellen A Kalinga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Using information and communication technologies (ICT) to make the electrical power network intelligent and smarter (smart grid) has been the focal point in transforming electrical power industry. The idea behind smart grid is to transform the Tanzanian power sector into a secure, adaptive, sustainable, and digitally enabled ecosystem that provides reliable and quality energy for all with active participation of stakeholders. Smart metering is a central segment in realizing smart grid. However, a big question is whether Tanzanian power stakeholders are ready for smart metering technology investments for household applications. Operation and maintenance of a smart metering solution is a …

Modelling The Impact Of Undetected Cases On The Transmission Dynamics Of Covid-19, Herieth Rwezaura

Tanzania Journal of Science

The spread of COVID-19 globally has caused negative impacts to the public, making understanding the dynamics of transmission a necessity. Essential factors such as undetected cases, asymptomatic cases, and several non-pharmaceutical interventions have played significant roles in the spreading mechanism of COVID-19 in the human population. It is imperative to understand the significance of these factors in order to determine whether COVID-19 will be eradicated or will continue to persist in the population. A mathematical model is formulated to investigate the impacts of vaccination and several non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of a COVID-19 accounting for asymptomatic cases, detected (identified) …

Absence Of Germline Brca1 C.68_69delag And C.5266dupc Mutations Among Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A First Impression At A Tertiary Cancer-Care Facility In Tanzania, Linus P Rweyemamu, Gokce Akan, Christopher H Mbotwa, Nazima Dharsee, Lucy A Namkinga, Sylvester L Lyantagaye, Ted F Mselle, Fatmahan Atalar

Tanzania Journal of Science

The germline BRCA1 c.68_69delAG (185delAG) and c.5266dupC (5382insC) mutations are associated with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer (BC).  Limited studies have examined their contribution to alarming BC incidence in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Our study aimed to examine the contribution of  germline BRCA1 c.68_69delAG and c.5266dupC mutations to BC incidence among hormone receptor-negative BC patients admitted to Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Tanzania. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to capture socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, family history of cancer and reproductive information from each patient. Their  histopathological data were extracted from the hospital medical records. The germline BRCA1 founder mutations were analyzed on …

Assessment Of Seasonal Variations In Forage Quality In Saanane Island National Park, Mwanza, Tanzania, George M. Sangu, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Seasonal variations in proteins, vitamin A, vitamin C, carbohydrates and minerals (Ca, Fe, Na, K and P) for seven most grazed and four most browsed plant species were assessed using laboratory analysis to determine what nutrient resources were available to grazers and browsers inhabiting the Saanane Island. The results indicated great seasonal variations in proteins, vitamin A, vitamin C and carbohydrates which were statistically significant with P < 0.01, F 3.444 at DF 5. Similarly, the minerals (Ca, Fe, Na, K and P) showed greater seasonal variations with K and P being higher during wet season, while Na and Fe were higher in dry season. The levels of proteins, vitamins, fibres and minerals were well above daily dietary requirements for grazers and browsers. These results suggested that both grazers and browsers were benefiting from seasonal differences in terms of available resources at disposal as animal health is regulated by levels of proteins and vitamins available in grazing and browsing materials.  Keywords: Forage Quality, Minerals, Protein Saanane, Seasonality, Vitamin

Temperature Effects On The Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In Sulfuric Acid Solution By Acacia Senegal Gum With Halide Ions, Jovine Emmanuel, Joseph Buchweishaija

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effects of temperature on the inhibitive effect of naturally occurring Acacia senegal gum exudate on the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid was studied between 35 and 70 °C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization methods. Findings showed that Acacia senegal gum exudate decreases the corrosion rate of mild steel. The inhibition efficiency declined with raising temperature above 35 °C. The increase in the corrosion rate with increasing temperature was observed for both uninhibited and inhibited systems. Addition of halide ions to the Acacia senegal gum exudate solution enhanced the corrosion inhibition efficiency because of synergistic effects, …

Risk Factors Associated With Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Felix Elias, Nyimvua Shaban, Edwin Rutalebwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Despite Tanzania's efforts and substantial progress in PMTCT, about 11% new infections were recorded among Tanzanian children in 2019 (UNAIDS 2020a). The objective of this study was to determine the rate of HIV transmission and to identify its risk factors among HIV exposed infants born to HIV-positive mothers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data collected from HIV-positive mothers and their exposed babies who were followed and registered in health facilities in four administrative districts (Ilala, Temeke, Kinondoni, and Ubungo) in Dar es Salaam between January 2016 and December 2019.  To identify risk factors …

Optimal Design Of Hybrid Renewable Energy For Tanzania Rural Communities, Ester T Marcel, Joseph Mutale, Aviti T Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Rural communities in developing countries lack access to electricity due to high costs of grid extension. This paper proposes a hybrid system of renewable energy (HRES) as solution. The HRES consists of solar, wind, and battery energy storage (BES). The village called Ngw’amkanga in Shinyanga region of Tanzania, East Africa is selected as a case study. An iterative method to determine the size of wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) generation required assuming a project life of 25 years at minimum annualised cost of the system ( ) is proposed. The project life time is fixed on the life span of …

Measuring Use Patterns Of Electronic Resources: A Study Of College Of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University Of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), Pankaj Kumar Singh , Assistant Librarian, Meenu Singh, Mlis Student

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research study sought to determine the use patterns of Electronic Resources and limited to the College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). A questionnaire was distributed among the Post Graduate students, Research Scholars and Faculty Members of the various post-graduate departments of the college to collect desired data. 120 valid samples were collected and used for data analysis and interpretation in this present study. The result shows a growing interest among the respondents to the use of E-Resource at College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). It was found …

The Effectiveness Of Occupation-Based Virtual Reality Intervention On Upper Extremity Functional Improvement In Post-Stroke Individuals: A Systematic Review, Darcy Bowman, Tiffani Suhm, Ann Marie Brown, Aubrey Barrett, Hannah Reilley

Student Journal of Occupational Therapy

Purpose: Virtual reality (VR)-based therapy is an emerging practice in the clinical setting and still requires research documenting its efficacy. This review analyzed the effectiveness of VR-based therapy on upper extremity (UE) motor recovery in individuals with chronic stroke by analyzing multiple randomized controlled trials.

Methods: Search limits for this review consisted of articles published between January 2010 and January 2020 and available in English. Search keywords were based on language in individual databases (e.g. stroke or cerebrovascular accident, upper extremity, occupational therapy). Articles were limited to include only randomized control trials consisting of adult patients (18+) with …

The Illegally Traded Elephant In The Room: Species Terrorism & Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade, Áine Dillon

Pace International Law Review

The illegal wildlife trade has been a dilemma for decades

and remains prevalent globally – international intervention is

required now. While most countries participate in the Convention

on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora (“CITES”), not all countries have the same approaches

to combating the illegal wildlife trade. Unique approaches

can be beneficial because each illegally traded species

requires a different response, and countries with limited resources

can also participate. However, the lack of a unified response

hinders the global fight against the illegal wildlife trade.

While traditional methods to combat crime, such as passing

laws, …

Securing The Precipitous Heights: U.S. Lawfare As A Means To Confront China At Sea, In Space, And Cyberspace, Garret S. Bowman

Pace International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Corporate Wealth Over Public Health? Assessing The Resilience Of Developing Countries' Covid-19 Responses Against Investment Claims And The Implications For Future Public Health Crises, Tim Hagemann

Pace International Law Review

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, states around the world swiftly enacted a multitude of far-reaching emergency responses to contain the viruses’ spread and to cope with the economic repercussions of the ensuing crisis. However, these measures detrimentally impacted the operating conditions of many businesses or, at the least, decreased their profitability. As this inevitably affected foreign investments, investors could be tempted to invoke “Investor State Dispute Settlement” (“ISDS”) clauses in International Investment Agreements (IIAs) to initiate proceedings before arbitral tribunals and seek compensation for loss of profit caused by states’ Covid-19 responses. Due to the specific circumstances in …

Overhaul Of The Sdt Provisions In The Wto: Separating The Eligible From The Ineligible, Md. Rizwanul Islam

Pace International Law Review

The special and differential treatment (“SDT”) provisions have been a recurring feature in the agreements of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) treaties. However, most analysts would probably agree that the many SDT provisions have been more aspirational than operational. Hence, there is little surprise that even a selective review of the WTO jurisprudence would demonstrate that the SDT provisions have, in most cases, not done enough for their intended beneficiaries. This paper will analyze the limitations of the SDT provisions with reference to the relevant WTO jurisprudence. It will seek to explore two potential avenues of endeavoring to make the …

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, And Barriers Of Pharmacovigilance Among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey From Lahore, Pakistan, Zia U. Mustafa, Muhammad Salman, Noman Asif, Alina Z. Rao, Qurat U.A. Khan, Asma S. Nawaz, Muhammad W. Mumtaz, Athar Masood, Muhammad F.A. Khan, Naureen Shehzadi, Khalid Hussain

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are associated with increased length of hospital stay, permanent disability and even death. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and barriers related to Pharmacovigilance (PV) among Pakistani healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the second largest metropolitan city (Lahore) of Pakistan during a period of 4 months (JuneeSeptember 2018). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the doctors, pharmacists, and nurses from 8 tertiary care hospitals, recruited via convenient sampling. All data were analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: A total of …

Study The Effects Of Taurine Oral Supplement Used For Type 2 Diabetic Patients On Body Weight; Glycemic Control And Some Bone Mineralization Biochemical Markers, Falah Hassan Sheri, Hiba Dawood, Jubran K. Hassan, Qais A. Aljazaeari

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

Background: Taurine is sulfur containing semi-essential amino acid that has important roles in many biological processes, but; its effects on glucose homeostasis, weight; growth and bone mineralization were not well defined in human. Objectives: evaluation the effects of oral taurine used for 3 months on bone mineralization biomarker; glycemic control and body weight in type II diabetic patients. Methods: interventional double-blind placebo-controlled study in which 80 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (age range 45e55) assigned in either control (n ¼ 40) or study (n ¼ 40) group. The last group received 1000 mg capsule of taurine once a -d for …

Qbd Based Design And Characterization Of Proniosomal Transdermal Delivery Of Atenolol And Glibenclamide Combination: An Innovative Approach, P Anitha, S. Ramkanth, S. V. Satyanarayana

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

There are numerous circumstances where chronic disease is associated with other disorders, especially in diseases like diabetes with noncommunicable disease risk factors, such as hypertension. This study shows a novel and innovative combinational proniosomal delivery of combination to beat the reactions by complex therapeutic regimen, and to improve patient compliance after controlling combinational transdermal delivery of Glibenclamide (GLB) and Atenolol (ATN) which have not been tried actually. To achieve the above reason, proniosomes were prepared and optimized utilizing Box-Behnken design. The ideal formulation was chosen by a point prediction method and formulation showed vesicle size of 562 ± 1.223 nm, …

The Use Of Natural Polymers In Formation Of Polyelectrolyte Complexation, Niharika Lal, Athira Nair, Navneet Verma

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

In recent years, great advances have been made towards the development of various techniques for novel drug delivery systems. These techniques focus on the rate of drug delivery, duration of action and site of action. One of such technique in fabricating novel drug delivery system is the use of polymers in development of in-situ drug delivery systems. Polymers used as carriers have revolutionized over the years. The formation of a polymer complex with other oppositely charged polymers resulted in the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes, which possess unique physicochemical properties with high biocompatibility. The polyelectrolyte's themselves are characterized as cationic, anionic …

Medieval Weathers: An Introduction, Michael J. Warren

Medieval Ecocriticisms

Introduction to the first volume of Medieval Ecocriticisms.

A Novel Arabic Corpus For Text Classification Using Deep Learning And Word Embedding, Roua A. Abou Khachfeh, Islam El Kabani, Ziad Osman

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Over the last years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Arabic language has obtained increasing importance due to the massive textual information available online in an unstructured text format, and its capability in facilitating and making information retrieval easier. One of the widely used NLP task is “Text Classification”. Its goal is to employ machine learning technics to automatically classify the text documents into one or more predefined categories. An important step in machine learning is to find suitable and large data for training and testing an algorithm. Moreover, Deep Learning (DL), the trending machine learning research, requires a lot of …

Walking Diagonally: A Simple Proof Of Countability Of The Set Of All Finite Subsets Of Naturals, Miroslav Kures

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The countability of the set of finite subsets of natural numbers is derived. In addition to the derivation itself, the use of diagonal method is illustratively presented; thinking about infinite sets relate to the name of Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor, the creator of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics. The proof of the claim is original, although the theorem is an analogy with the famous theorem about the countability of rational numbers. A certain insight into the subsets of natural numbers is given. Anyway, the technique could be considered already at high school level as …

Role Of Technological Revolution In Transport And Communications Development, Mohamad B. Chami

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The arousal of technology has changed a lot of aspects in human life and has drastically changed its path through a revolution that changed the whole world. This revolution took place in various aspects while affecting significantly the global economy and from those fields that considerably affect the life of human beings in the previous and current centuries are Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and transportation. It is these two factors that play a major role in the economy of countries and dominate the lives of societies in the world. Thus, this paper studies the impact of the technology revolution …

Overview On The Lebanese Environmental Governance System: Main Hazards In The Oil And Gaz Sector, Rami Harkous

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Due to harsh environment and vulnerability of marine ecosystems, many challenges are faced regarding offshore oil and gas activities. Many steps are currently undertaken to overcome such challenges.

As Lebanon is inside the new oil and gas sector in its offshore region, plans should be made to address environmental challenges that may occur in this sector. The Lebanese environmental governance system meets international standards in various aspects but some gaps are addressed to manage such risks that may be encountered with oil and gas activities in the Lebanese offshore. This article ends by a fast run through environmental regulatory authority, …

Tanzania Modern Librarians In Research And Development Enquiry: A Literature Review, Kardo Mwilongo, Gladness Kotoroi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The modern and advanced development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has influenced various changes in the universe and resulted to phases of paradigm shifts and affected individuals, groups, organisations, institutions and states. The globalization of everything has similarly modernized and impacted the academic libraries and librarians. Modern academic libraries strive and undertake this development in facilitating sharing of research data and outputs with its potential stakeholders for Research and Development (R&D). Librarians and have to adapt new and emerging technologies, deploy the web technologies for cyberspaces, smart or digital library information and services, transform to embedded librarians for dynamic …

Users’ Attitudes To The Use Of Electronic Resources And Services By Undergraduate Students Of Mcpherson University, Ogun State, Nigeria, Esther O. Jatto Mrs, Basirat O. Diyaolu Mrs

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The availability of e-resources in university libraries does not determine its usage. These resources are an added advantage for students to get more sources of information for their educational pursuit. However, there was an observation that most students are not using these resources as expected. This study investigated Users’ attitudes to the use of electronic resources and services by undergraduate students of McPherson University, Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was use to select 294 respondents as sample size for the study, using questionnaire as research instruments. Majority of the respondents (72.1%) affirmed availability of e-books and (63.3%) e-journal, …

Use Of Social Media In Academic Activities By Lis Students: A Study In A Public University In Bangladesh, Md. Atikuzzaman

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and other social media sites are frequently used in our day-to-day conversation, uploading photos and videos, sharing news and views and so on. Being frequent users of social media, students use it not only for communication purposes but also as a tool for supporting their education. The main aim of this study was to explore how the Library and Information Science (LIS) students of University of Dhaka are using various social networking sites in their academic activities. The study also investigated the diversified uses of social media by the students, frequency of using social media and …

A Vista Of Kahana Bay, Haryashpal Bhullar

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

This is a picture of Kahana Bay in Honolulu, HI I took when I was visiting my friend stationed at Tripler Army Medical Center last year. Like me, he is a Psychiatry resident and I had not seen him in over a year, so meeting him was quite meaningful to me as we had so much more to talk about. Having this vista behind us while we climbed and shared stories made for one of the best hikes of my life. I often look at this photo and realize the freedom we had to fly to all sorts of beautiful …

Building Fly Boys—Replica Of A 1939 Barrelback Wooden Runabout, Michael G. Flynn

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Attention to detail, persistence, and striving for perfection...but never quite achieving it. These are attributes I put into my career as a researcher and are remarkably similar to the skills I apply to boat building. What you see pictured are thousands of imperfections that, I humbly assert, coalesce into something extraordinarily beautiful.

Primary Care Practices In Western North Carolina: Adaptation To The Covid-19 Pandemic And Ongoing Challenges, Hannah R. Friedman, Joseph Konstanzer, Erica Richman, Brian Cass, Bryan Hodge, Sheri Denslow, Jacqueline Halladay

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unique challenges for primary care practices while also highlighting their importance in the pandemic response. To understand primary care practice needs, a survey was conducted of practices in Western North Carolina.

Methods

Phase 2 of a primary care needs assessment was administered to 63 practices in Western North Carolina over the course of six weeks, from July 23 to August 31, 2021.

Results

Most practices were operating with normal hours, though some still operated with reduced hours. Many practices reported insufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies. While most practices provided at least some care …

An Assessment Of The Diagnostic Value In Syncope Workup: A Retrospective Study, Ashan T. Hatharasinghe, Kayvon Etebar, Ryan Wolsky, Hossein Akhondi, Napatkamon Ayutyanont

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Patients with syncope often undergo costly testing, despite current guidelines and data supporting the contrary.

Objective

To determine the diagnostic value through positivity rate of electrocardiogram (EKG), computed tomography (CT) of the brain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, transthoracic echocardiogram, nuclear and pharmacologic cardiac stress test, tilt table test and carotid ultrasound in patients diagnosed with syncope.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of 10,036 adults presenting to the emergency department or hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of syncope at 8 acute care facilities in the southwest United States from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. …

Pharmacy-Led Medication Reconciliation Program Reduces Adverse Drug Events And Improves Satisfaction In A Community Hospital, L. Hayley Burgess, Joan Kramer, Carley Castelein, Joseph M. Parra, Victoria Timmons, Samantha Pickens, Sarah Fraker, Christopher Cameron Skinner

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Pharmacy-led medication reconciliation identifies and corrects medication errors that can potentially cause moderate to severe harm. This research sought to identify the impact of pharmacy-led medication reconciliation on patient outcomes and describe the changes in healthcare workers’ perceptions of the program.

Methods

A pharmacy-led admission medication reconciliation program pilot started in July 2019, and a discharge medication reconciliation proof of concept was tested in September 2020 at a 432-bed hospital. The following periods were compared: August 2018 to February 2019 (pre-program implementation) and August 2019 to February 2020 (post-program implementation). Endpoints included patient outcomes, workforce productivity and interdisciplinary healthcare …