Digital Commons Network^™

A Codex Of N-And P-Positions In Harary’S ‘Caterpillar Game’, Richard M. Low, Ardak Kapbasov, Arman Kapbasov, Stephen C. Locke, W. H. Chan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Frank Harary proposed the following game: Given a caterpillar C, two players take turns removing edges of a path. The player who takes the last edge wins the game. In this paper, we completely characterize the N-and P-positions for all caterpillars with spine length zero, one, two and three. Furthermore, we analyze approximately 94% of the caterpillars with spine length greater than or equal to four. In those cases, they all turn out to be N-positions.

On The Edge Irregular Reflexive Labeling Of Corona Product Of Graphs With Path, Kooi Kuan Yoong, Roslan Hasni, Muhammad Irfan, Ibrahim Taraweh, Ali Ahmad, Sin Min Lee

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We define a total k-labeling (Formula presented.) of a graph G as a combination of an edge labeling (Formula presented.) and a vertex labeling (Formula presented.) such that (Formula presented.) if (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) if (Formula presented.) where (Formula presented.) The total k-labeling (Formula presented.) is called an edge irregular reflexive k-labeling of G if every two different edges has distinct edge weights, where the edge weight is defined as the summation of the edge label itself and its two vertex labels. Thus, the smallest value of k for which the graph G has the edge irregular reflexive …

Almost All Permutation Matrices Have Bounded Saturation Functions, Jesse Geneson

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Saturation problems for forbidden graphs have been a popular area of research for many decades, and recently Brualdi and Cao initiated the study of a saturation problem for 0-1 matrices. We say that a 0-1 matrix A is saturating for the forbidden 0-1 matrix P if A avoids P but changing any zero to a one in A creates a copy of P . Define sat(n, P ) to be the minimum possible number of ones in an n × n 0-1 matrix that is saturating for P . Fulek and Keszegh proved that for every 0-1 matrix P, either …

Extensible Embedded Processor For Convolutional Neural Networks, Joshua Misko, Shrikant S. Jadhav, Youngsoo Kim

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require significant computing power during inference. Smart phones, for example, may not run a facial recognition system or search algorithm smoothly due to the lack of resources and supporting hardware. Methods for reducing memory size and increasing execution speed have been explored, but choosing effective techniques for an application requires extensive knowledge of the network architecture. This paper proposes a general approach to preparing a compressed deep neural network processor for inference with minimal additions to existing microprocessor hardware. To show the benefits to the proposed approach, an example CNN for synthetic aperture radar target classification …

The Integer-Antimagic Spectra Of Graphs With A Chord, Richard M. Low, Dan Roberts, Jinze Zheng

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Let A be a nontrival abelian group. A connected simple graph G = (V, E) is Aantimagic if there exists an edge labeling f : E(G) → A \ {0} such that the induced vertex labeling f+ : V (G) → A, defined by f+(v) = Puv∈E(G) f(uv), is injective. The integer-antimagic spectrum of a graph G is the set IAM(G) = {k | G is Zk-antimagic and k ≥ 2}. In this paper, we determine the integer-antimagic spectra for cycles with a chord, paths with a chord, and wheels with a chord.

Differences In Ride-Hailing Adoption By Older Californians Among Types Of Locations, Manish Shirgaokar, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Bonnie Dobbs, Aditi Misra, Martin Wachs

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Ride-hailing services such as Lyft and Uber can complement rides offered by family, friends, paid providers, and public transit. To learn why older adults might wish to use ride-hail, we conducted an online survey of 2,917 California respondents age 55 and older. Participants were asked whether they would value four features hypothesized to be benefits of ride-hailing. We specified binary logit models and used market segmentation to investigate whether there were location-based differences in the use of ride-hailing. Our analysis showed that women, city dwellers, persons with disabilities, and those who rely on others for rides were more open to …

Multifidelity Approaches For Uncertainty Estimation In Wildfire Spread Simulators, Mario Miguel Valero, Lluís Jofre, Ricardo Torres

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A variety of wildfire models are currently used for prescribed fire management, fire behaviour studies and decision support during wildfire emergencies, among other applications. All these applications are based on predictive analysis, and therefore require careful estimation of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties such as weather conditions, vegetation properties and model parameters. However, the large computational cost of high-fidelity computaional fluid dynamics models prohibits the straightforward utilization of traditional Monte Carlo methods. Conversely, low-fidelity fire models are several orders of magnitude faster but they typically do not provide enough accuracy and they do not resolve all relevant phenomena. Multifidelity frameworks offer …

Unpacking Challenges In Student-Faculty Partnerships On Departmental Action Teams, Gina M. Quan, Joel C. Corbo, Sarah Wise, Courtney Ngai

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This paper is a case study analysis of one student-faculty partnership working to enact departmental change. Students as Partners (SaP) is an approach in which students and faculty work in partnership on the co-design of a curricular or institutional change effort. Our team implements SaP through Departmental Action Teams (DATs), which are facilitated teams of faculty, students, and staff within a single STEM department working on an issue related to undergraduate education. In our research, we aim to understand the ways in which SaP becomes enacted in DATs. Through analyzing interviews with student and faculty members of a single DAT, …

C4-Face-Magic Toroidal Labelings On CM × CN, Stephen J. Curran, Richard M. Low, Stephen C. Locke

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

For a graph G = (V, E) naturally embedded in the torus, let F(G) denote the set of faces of G. Then, G is called a Cn-face-magic toroidal graph if there exists a bijection f : V (G) → {1, 2, . . ., |V (G)|} such that for every F ∈ F(G) with F ∼= Cn, the sum of all the vertex labels along Cn is a constant S. Let xv = f(v) for all v ∈ V (G). We call {xv : v ∈ V (G)} a Cn-face-magic toroidal labeling on G. We show that, for all m, …

List-Antimagic Labeling Of Vertex-Weighted Graphs, Zhanar Berikkyzy, Axel Brandt, Sogol Jahanbekam, Victor Larsen, Danny Rorabaugh

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A graph G is weighted-k-list-antimagic if for any vertex weighting →: V (G) → R and any list assignment L: E(G) → 2R with jL(e)j ≤ jE(G)j + k there exists an edge labeling f such that f(e) 2 L(e) for all e 2 E(G), labels of edges are pairwise distinct, and the sum of the labels on edges incident to a vertex plus the weight of that vertex is distinct from the sum at every other vertex. In this paper we prove that every graph on n vertices having no K1 or K2 component is weighted-4n 3 -list-antimagic.

The Integer-Antimagic Spectra Of Hamiltonian Graphs, Ugur Odabasi, Dan Roberts, Richard M. Low

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Let A be a nontrivial abelian group. A connected simple graph G = (V, E) is A-antimagic, if there exists an edge labeling f: E(G) → A\{0A} such that the induced vertex labeling f+(v) = Σ{u,v} ∈ E(G) f({u,v}) is a one-to-one map. The integer-antimagic spectrum of a graph G is the set IAM(G) = {k: G is Zk-antimagic and k ≥ 2}. In this paper, we determine the integer-antimagic spectra for all Hamiltonian graphs.

Bayesspsurv: An R Package To Estimate Bayesian (Spatial) Split-Population Survival Models, Brandon Bolte, Nicolás Schmidt, Sergio Béjar, Nguyen Huynh, Bumba Mukherjee

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Survival data often include a fraction of units that are susceptible to an event of interest as well as a fraction of “immune” units. In many applications, spatial clustering in unobserved risk factors across nearby units can also affect their survival rates and odds of becoming immune. To address these methodological challenges, this article introduces our BayesSPsurv R-package, which fits parametric Bayesian Spatial split-population survival (cure) models that can account for spatial autocorrelation in both subpopulations of the user 's time-to-event data. Spatial autocorrelation is modeled with spatially weighted frailties, which are estimated using a conditionally autoregressive prior. The user …

A Quantcrit Analysis Of Context, Discipline, Special Education, And Disproportionality, Rebecca A. Cruz, Saili S. Kulkarni, Allison R. Firestone

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Using a dis/ability critical race theory (DisCrit) and critical quantitative (QuantCrit) lens, we examine disproportionate application of exclusionary discipline on multiply marginalized youth, foregrounding systemic injustice and institutionalized racism. In doing so, we examined temporal-, student-, and school-level factors that may result in exclusion and othering (i.e., placing into special education and punishing with out-of-school suspensions) within one school district. We frame this study in DisCrit and QuantCrit frameworks to connect data-based decision making to sociocultural understandings of the ways in which schools use both special education and discipline to simultaneously provide and limit opportunities for different student groups. Results …

Model-Based Clustering, Classification, And Discriminant Analysis Using The Generalized Hyperbolic Distribution: Mixghd R Package, Cristina Tortora, Ryan P. Browne, Aisha Elsherbiny, Brian C. Franczak, Paul D. Mcnicholas

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The MixGHD package for R performs model-based clustering, classification, and discriminant analysis using the generalized hyperbolic distribution (GHD). This approach is suitable for data that can be considered a realization of a (multivariate) continuous random variable. The GHD has the advantage of being flexible due to skewness, concentration, and index parameters; as such, clustering methods that use this distribution are capable of estimating clusters characterized by different shapes. The package provides five different models all based on the GHD, an efficient routine for discriminant analysis, and a function to measure cluster agreement. This paper is split into three parts: the …

Imsa 2021 Profile, Office Of College And Academic Counseling

IMSA Profile

No abstract provided.

Deficit Frame Dangers, Jonathan Feingold

Faculty Scholarship

Civil rights advocates have long viewed litigation as an essential, if insufficient, catalyst of social change. In part, it is. But in critical respects that remain underexplored in legal scholarship, civil rights litigation can hinder short- and long-term projects of racial justice.

Specifically, certain civil rights doctrines reward plaintiffs for emphasizing community deficits—or what I term a “deficit frame.” Legal doctrine, in other words, invites legal narratives that track, activate, and reinforce pernicious racial stereotypes. This dynamic, even in the context of well-intended litigation, risks entrenching conditions that drive racial inequality—including the conditions that litigation is often intended to address. …

Role Of Library And Information Science Virtual Classrooms In Curriculum Delivery: Nigerian Teachers’ Perception, Patience Chioma Patrick, Ekwutosi Monica Nnadi Phd, Pricilla Chika Ukwueze, Valentine Obum Aneshie-Otakpa

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study investigated teachers’ perception of the use of Library and Information Science virtual classrooms in curriculum delivery in Nigeria in post COVID 19 era. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 150 (68 male and 82 female) secondary school teachers in Nsukka LGA. Teachers Perception of Use of Library and Information Science virtual classrooms Questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the instrument was 0.76. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and t test to test the hypotheses …

Pleading-Stage Dismissal Via Corwin Denied To 34.8% Stockholder Alleged To Control Both Sides Of Challenged Transaction, Robert S. Reder, John K. Neal Jr.

Vanderbilt Law Review

No abstract provided.

Strategies For Modifying Word Problems For English Learners, Ricela Feliciano-Semidei, Mariana Alvayero Ricklefs

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

In this article, we discuss strategies to support the thematic integration of content in literacy and mathematics connected to English Learners’ (ELs) diverse cultural backgrounds. We provide strategies by which students can make sense of word problems connected to their real-life experiences through mathematical discussions and justifications, and linked to the literacy processes of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. We use the Common Core Addendum for English Learners and the standards of mathematical practices to support literacy and mathematics learning. We also present several examples of mathematics word problems teachers can use in elementary school classrooms that are culturally responsive …

Understanding Middle School Students’ Enrollment Choice For A Fully Online Educational Environment During The Fall Of 2020 Covid-19 National Health Emergency: A Mixed Methods Study, Wendy Maltais Duvall

Theses and Dissertations--Curriculum and Instruction

Students’ choice in enrolling in a distance learning environment was examined in a mixed methods study in the fall of 2020 during the COVID-19 national health emergency of that same year. After state mandated school closures in the spring 2020, students statewide were forced into a fully online learning situation until the end of that semester. In the fall, the district that was the study site offered families the choice of either hybrid or fully distance learning environments where students could attend school during the national health crisis that had persisted. That choice would be in force for the full …

Adverse Childhood Experience And Undergraduate Student Success: A Longitudinal Investigation Into The Relationship Between Childhood Stress And Success In Higher Education, Sarah E. Cprek

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

Institutions of higher education have long worked to understand factors that influence or predict student success and degree completion. Childhood experiences including potential exposure to toxic stress have been found to impact student success in K-12 schools yet have rarely been evaluated among undergraduates. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and undergraduate degree completion among a random sample of 1,894 students at a state-funded university in the US. Participants completed a web-based survey assessing ACEs in spring 2015. Results from the survey were linked to student academic records for each …

The Efficacy Of Accelerating Underprepared Community College Students Using A Corequisite Liberal Arts Mathematics Course, Drew Wilkerson

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

Every year, millions of first-time students enroll in community colleges underprepared for college-level work in mathematics. Typically, these students are referred to a sequence of developmental courses designed to remediate their skills and prepare them for college-level work. Recently, educators and policy makers have questioned the efficacy of these courses, especially since most students assigned to remedial courses never complete the sequence and enroll in college-level courses. Calls to reform developmental mathematics have included changes to how institutions determine whether students are college-ready and the elimination of the remedial course sequences themselves. The corequisite model, in which students enroll in …

Comparison Of The Times To Exhaustion, Physiological, Perceptual, And Neuromusuclar Responses During Constant Heart Rate, Constant Vo2, And Constant Power Exercise, Pasquale Jiovanni Succi

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

The purposes of this study were to: 1) Determine if there are differences in the sustainability of exercise when anchored at critical heart rate (CHR), the VO₂ associated with CHR (VO₂CHR), or the power output associated with CHR (PCHR); 2) examine the patterns of responses in power output, metabolic (heart rate [HR], VO₂, respiration rate [RR]), neuromuscular (electromyographic [EMG] amplitude [AMP], mean power frequency [MPF], mechanomyographic [MMG] AMP and MPF, perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), and muscle oxygenation responses (%SmO₂) during exercise anchored by HR, VO₂, and power output; and …

Co-Teaching Practices Of General And Special Educators In Secondary Science Classrooms, Samantha Jolene Ringl

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

The purpose of this study was to establish current levels of co-teaching implementation and to explore teachers’ perceptions of co-teaching and co-teacher relationships. This study also examined whether there is a relationship between teachers’ perception of their co-teaching relationship and their perception of co-teaching implementation in their classrooms. Analysis revealed that teachers generally have positive perceptions of their co-teaching partners and relationships, and these perceptions did not significantly differ between science teachers and special educators. However, this study found that teachers are not regularly planning lessons together, sharing the workload in the classroom, or choosing co-teaching models together. This study …

Global Competence And Deeper Learning: Secondary Principals’ Perceptions In An Intermountain District, Lorren Amanda Siebert

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

Education has become increasingly global in recent years. Student and teacher global competence have been studied at length. School administrators’ application of global competencies in their administrative practice has not been explored until recently. Secondary school administrators’ global competencies were investigated under seven tenets. The aim of this study was to examine how secondary principals in one Intermountain school district perceived and implemented global competencies in their current professional practice. Further, this study explored how those global competencies translated into deeper learning educational leadership practices.

A sequential explanatory approach was utilized for this two-phase mixed method study. Quantitative survey data …

Proctoring And Apps In College Algebra, Cynthia M. Shelton

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

The pandemic forced more instructors and students to move to online learning. For the first time, many experienced a loosening of the reigns and were forced to allow students to submit non-proctored work. Many may have questioned what students really learned in the year 2020. Many college math course competencies emphasize procedures. Now that apps can do that for students, where does that leave math instructors? Additionally, online instruction has exploded over the last decade and has challenged the teaching of college mathematics. While online instruction opens the door to access, it does beg the question of whether students complete …

Investigating How Timing Of Case Study Presentation On Huntington Disease Influences Construction Of Argument Warrant While Learning The Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology, Katherine A. Sharp

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

A common belief among pre-medical and medical students is that biochemistry is not relevant to practicing medicine. Among topics commonly taught in biochemistry, courses include the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, which is among the most critical science topics taught to medical students by biochemistry educators. Perceived irrelevance among students may be due to common curricular trends in biochemistry education. Many biochemistry courses are found at Research I (R1) universities that teach biochemistry using traditional lectures with little evidence of supporting learning with real-world applications. Instructors commonly assume that students can make realworld connections independently during lecture courses, but it …

The Relationship Between Spatial Ability And The Conservation Of Matter In Middle School, Merryn Cole, Jennifer Wilhelm, Briana Marie-Mcknight Vaught, Corinne Fish, Hailey Fish

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Faculty Publications

Research has shown that spatial ability plays a key role in understanding STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) content, including chemistry. Conservation of Matter (CoM) is an essential but challenging topic for chemistry students of all ages to grasp; it is often taught in a way where students memorize it but do not learn what it means conceptually. This research explored the relationship between understanding spatial ability and conceptual understanding of CoM in middle school students. CoM was examined in two ways using the Conservation of Matter Assessment (CoMA): through questions on conservation of atoms and the conservation of mass. …

Utilizing A Theory Of Change Process To Establish Framework For A Student Success Course, Sy Bridenbaugh

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

The student success course has become a staple of the college experience. As the academic and social environment continues to shift with each new incoming cohort, having a designed and evaluated framework to utilize during student success course development can be a useful tool. Research surrounding student success in college is abundant. Having a framework that draws on this research for setting learning objectives and determining high impact practices for a student success course could assist in current and future curriculum development.

This study focuses on a student success course offered through the College of Education at the University of …

Orienting New International College Students During A Global Pandemic: Spatiality’S Contributions To Staff Work Practices, Thomas W. Teague Jr.

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

U.S. colleges must increasingly respond to a wide range of complex forces and simultaneously fulfill their missions and support students. To address many of these forces, some have turned to internationalization efforts like recruiting and enrolling international students. In light of these efforts, critics have called for institutions to better, more appropriately support these students, given their challenges and needs. This call has amplified during the recent COVID-19 global health pandemic.

Traditional student support services tend to center around Tinto’s Theory of Student Departure. Examples of support programming are frequently shared, yet rarely detail how institutional staff actually perform them …