Digital Commons Network^™

Preoperative Assessment And Management Of Cardiovascular Risk In Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery: Implementing A Systematic Stepwise Approach During The Covid-19 Pandemic Era, Eduardo Bossone, Filippo Cademartiri, Hani Alsergani, Salvatore Chianese, Rahul Mehta, Valentina Capone, Carlo Ruotolo, Imran H. Tarrar, Antonio Frangiosa, Olga Vriz, Vincenzo Maffei, Roberto Annunziata, Domenico Galzerano, Brigida Ranieri, Chiara Sepe, Andrea Salzano, Rosangela Cocchia, Massimo Majolo, Giuseppe Russo, Giuseppe Longo, Mario Muto, Paolo Fedelini, Ciro Esposito, Alessandro Perrella, Gianluca Guggino, Eliana Raiola, Mara Catalano, Maurizio De Palma, Luigia Romano, Gaetano Romano, Ciro Coppola, Ciro Mauro, Rajendra H. Mehta

Hospital Medicine Articles

Major adverse cardiac events, defined as death or myocardial infarction, are common causes of perioperative mortality and major morbidity in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Reduction of perioperative cardiovascular risk in relation to non-cardiac surgery requires a stepwise patient evaluation that integrates clinical risk factors, functional status and the estimated stress of the planned surgical procedure. Major guidelines on preoperative cardiovascular risk assessment recommend to establish, firstly, the risk of surgery per se (low, moderate, high) and the related timing (elective vs. urgent/emergent), evaluate the presence of unstable cardiac conditions or a recent coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery …

Defamation Per Se Cases Should Include Guaranteed Minimum Presumed Damage Awards To Private Plaintiffs, Steven A. Krieger

San Diego Law Review

To combat the reputational harm associated with defamatory comments, forty states allow plaintiffs to recover presumed damages for reputational harm for defamatory statements considered “per se” defamation without having to prove the exact dollar figure associated with their reputational damages. While damages are presumed to a plaintiff’s reputation in a successful defamation per se lawsuit, the spectrum of presumed damages is so wide that there is almost no practical way for a plaintiff to reliably know the size of a presumed damages award, especially a lower-income plaintiff. Plaintiffs cannot evaluate the financial merit of a defamation lawsuit, which removes the …

Bias Of The Immune Response To Pneumocystis Murina Does Not Alter The Ability Of Neonatal Mice To Clear The Infection, Cathryn J. Kurkjian, Melissa L. Hollifield, David J. Feola, Beth A. Garvy

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Newborn mice are unable to clear Pneumocystis (PC) infection with the same efficiency as adults due, in part, to their inability to develop a robust immune response to infection until three weeks of age. It is known that infants tend develop a Th2 skewed response to antigen so we sought to determine whether a biased cytokine response altered the clearance of PC infection in neonatal mice. P. murina infection in neonatal mice resulted in increased IL-4 expression by CD4 T cells and myeloid cells, augmented IL-13 secretion within the airways and increased arginase activity in the airways, indicative of Th2-type …

Collegiate Athletic Trainers’ Experiences Planning For Return-To-Sports During Covid-19: A Qualitative Research Study, Eric G. Post, Justin S. Disanti, Christianne M. Eason, Hayley J. Root, Thomas E. Abdenour

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of intercollegiate head athletic trainers in the process of planning to resume sport, as well as their experiences across the course of the pandemic to identify key strategies, challenges, and future considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This exploratory, descriptive qualitative study was conducted via one-on-one semi structured interviews through the Zoom video conference technology. Twenty-four head athletic trainers across NCAA Division I, II, and III institutions participated in the study. Results: Emerging themes included the development of detailed, institution-specific plans with shared elements such as policies for testing …

Athletic Trainers’ Hand Hygiene Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Olivia Jackson, Matthew J. Rivera, Kenneth E. Games, Lindsey E. Eberman

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Hand hygiene (HH) is a cost-effective public health intervention to prevent infectious disease transmission, including COVID-19. Health care professionals have shown poor adherence to HH best practices, and little is known about athletic trainer (AT) HH. ATs typically work in dynamic, unpredictable environments, creating barriers to HH compliance. The purpose of this study was to understand the self-reported behaviors and challenges with adherence to HH of secondary school ATs, particularly related to mitigating infection transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this qualitative study, we conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with secondary school ATs actively engaged in direct patient care …

Heterogeneity Of Magnitude, Allergen Immunodominance, And Cytokine Polarization Of Cockroach Allergen-Specific T Cell Responses In Allergic Sensitized Children, Ricardo Da Silva Antunes, Aaron Sutherland, April Frazier, Veronique Schulten, Anna Pomés, Jill Glesner, Agustin Calatroni, Matthew C. Altman, Robert A. Wood, George T. O'Connor, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Carolyn M. Kercsmar, Rebecca S. Gruchalla, Michelle Gill, Andrew H. Liu, Edward M. Zoratti, Meyer Kattan, Paula J. Busse, Leonard B. Bacharier, Stephen J. Teach, Lisa M. Wheatley, Alkis Togias, William W. Busse, Daniel J. Jackson, Alessandro Sette

Allergy & Immunology Articles

Background: Characterization of allergic responses to cockroach (CR), a common aeroallergen associated with asthma, has focused mainly on IgE reactivity, but little is known about T cell responses, particularly in children. We conducted a functional evaluation of CR allergen-specific T cell reactivity in a cohort of CR allergic children with asthma.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 71 children, with mild-to-moderate asthma who were enrolled in a CR immunotherapy (IT) clinical trial, prior to treatment initiation. PBMC were stimulated with peptide pools derived from 11 CR allergens, and CD4+ T cell responses assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. …

Regional Features And Trends Of Medical Service Development In Navoi Region: Human Capital Formation Context, G.U. Shamiev

Economics and Innovative Technologies

Development trends of main economic activity in Navoi region shows that in 2020 the share of medical services is only 1% of the total volume of services, and the share of the Navoi region is only 2% of the total volume of services in Uzbekistan. The reserach of the incidence rates of the population for ten years 2010-2020 in the Navoi region showed that the upward trend in almost all age groups of the population and in the majority of classes of diseases. In the region, the sphere of medical services is lagging behind, and patients are forced to seek …

Risk Reduction Regarding Stigmatized And Marginalized Communities, Navin Kumar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

While there are several perspectives on marginalization, there are multiple marginalized individuals, social groups, and communities globally. This process of marginalization produces individuals, groups and communities which are refused complete privileges, rights, and power within the broader political and social framework. Social, cultural, biological, and economic factors can thus be used as yardsticks to marginalize individuals and communities. Marginalization can be based on gender, race and ethnicity, social class, and sexuality, among others. Clearly, marginalized communities face poorer health outcomes and these outcomes are sometimes linked to risky behaviors more prevalent in such demographics. Marginalization is associated with reduced health …

Cost-Effectiveness Analyses Of Typhoid Interventions In Epidemic And Endemic Settings, Maile Thayer Phillips

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Background: Typhoid fever is a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, accounting for approximately 12-21 million infections, 119,000-269,000 deaths, and 2-23 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) annually. Typhoid fever is caused by infection with the bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, which is mainly transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. Due to these modes of transmission, most cases occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where sanitary conditions are poor and access to clean water and sanitation is not common. However, the scale of disease incidence is uncertain. Studies suggest that facility-based laboratory-confirmed estimates, the numbers …

Biological Mechanisms Linking Stress And Anhedonia, Colin Stanton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Evidence from research across species suggests that stress exposure is linked with anhedonia (loss of pleasure and/or decreased motivation). However, the mechanisms through which stress might impact anhedonia remain unclear. Chapters 1 and 2 of this dissertation review putative etiological pathways from stress to anhedonia and discuss stressor characteristics that could inform experimental models of stress-induced anhedonia. Chapter 3 describes an attempt to identify which types of stress are most associated with anhedonia using stress interview data from multiple datasets. Unexpectedly, we found no credible effects on anhedonic symptoms for stressor chronicity, severity, dependence on behavior, or interpersonal focus. Instead, …

Immune Activation By Novel Allobaculum Species Reveals Reciprocal Epistasis Among Human Gut Commensals, Tyler A. Rice

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Gut commensal microbes that elicit human immune responses are noteworthy for their ability to influence both local mucosal inflammation and, more rarely, systemic antibody responses. Here we isolated and characterized novel strains belonging to genus Allobaculum from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) stool samples. In defined gnotobiotic mouse models we recapitulated the inflammatory effects of Allobaculum sps. and their notable induction of systemic immune responses at baseline. A microbial ecology screen revealed that this taxon is inversely correlated with Akkermansia muciniphila, and co-colonization experiments uncovered microbe-dependent redirection of immune phenotypes, which we term reciprocal epistasis. These immunostimulatory gut commensal strains exemplify …

Better Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Better Medicine

No abstract provided.

Heterogeneity Of Magnitude, Allergen Immunodominance, And Cytokine Polarization Of Cockroach Allergen-Specific T Cell Responses In Allergic Sensitized Children., Ricardo Da Silva Antunes, Aaron Sutherland, April Frazier, Veronique Schulten, Anna Pomés, Jill Glesner, Agustin Calatroni, Matthew C Altman, Robert A Wood, George T O'Connor, Jacqueline A Pongracic, Gurjit K Khurana Hershey, Carolyn M Kercsmar, Rebecca S Gruchalla, Michelle Gill, Andrew H Liu, Edward Zoratti, Meyer Kattan, Paula J Busse, Leonard B Bacharier, Stephen J. Teach, Lisa M Wheatley, Alkis Togias, William W Busse, Daniel J Jackson, Alessandro Sette

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Characterization of allergic responses to cockroach (CR), a common aeroallergen associated with asthma, has focused mainly on IgE reactivity, but little is known about T cell responses, particularly in children. We conducted a functional evaluation of CR allergen-specific T cell reactivity in a cohort of CR allergic children with asthma.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 71 children, with mild-to-moderate asthma who were enrolled in a CR immunotherapy (IT) clinical trial, prior to treatment initiation. PBMC were stimulated with peptide pools derived from 11 CR allergens, and CD4+ T cell responses assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. …

4th Annual Fall Undergraduate Research Symposium, West Virginia University

Fall Undergraduate Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

A Missão Espiritana Pós-Covid-19 Como Uma Forma De Curar O Mundo: Uma Possível Abordagem?, Matthew Broeren

Horizontes Espiritanos

No abstract provided.

La Mission Spiritaine Post-Covid-19 Comme Moyen De Guérir Le Monde : Une Approche Envisageable ?, Matthew Broeren C.S.Sp.

Horizons Spiritains

No abstract provided.

Validation Of High-Resolution Melting Assays For The Detection Of Virulent Strains Of Escherichia Coli O26 And O111 In Beef And Pork Enrichment Broths, Frank J. Velez, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Prashant Singh

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Extensive validation of diagnostic assays using widely collected surveillance samples is critical for developing pathogen detection assays. The detection of potentially virulent E. coli strains is critical to the red meat industry. We previously developed two high-resolution melting (HRM) assays for detecting potentially virulent and avirulent E. coli O26 and O111 strains. Assays were validated using enriched beef (n = 36) and pork (n = 36) samples collected as part of a U.S. federal regulatory surveillance program. Data from this study showed more than 90% sensitivity and specificity for both the HRM assays, demonstrating suitability for the red meat industry …

Hpv Vaccination In The Virginia Context: Demographic Disparities, Patient-Provider Gender Concordance And The Impact Of Changing Recommendations, Isha Patel, Norma M. Benitez, George L. Maxwell, Fabian T. Camacho, Rajesh Balkrishnan

Virginia Journal of Public Health

Objective: Despite its effectiveness in preventing several cancers, there are marked disparities in HPV vaccination initiation and series completion. The present study sought to understand disparities in HPV vaccinations among patients in northern Virginia (ages 9-26) and the impact of patient and provider gender concordance, in lieu of CDC’s vaccine recommendation changes in 2016, which reduced the recommended doses from three to two, in this population. Design: Analyses of electronic medical records collected from 2012 to 2017. Setting: A large health care system in Northern Virginia. Participants: A total of 37,427 patients, ages 9 to 26, were included in analyses. …

Understanding Pandemic Contact Tracing From A Design Thinking Perspective, Nancy K. Lankton, Avinandan Mukherjee, Kaustav Mukherjee

Accounting Faculty Research

Because of its highly infectious nature and ability to spread from non-symptomatic people, pandemics can bring society and businesses to a standstill and death to hundreds of thousands of people across the world. Public health experts point to four Ts in successful epidemiological control, namely, test, trace, track, and treat. Since COVID-19 has no effective treatment, contact tracing has been a vital part of COVID-19 disease control and focuses on identifying and isolating people who have come into contact with individuals who have tested positive for the disease. Early surveys show that individuals are not comfortable with all contact tracing …

Economywide Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Tourism In Vietnam., Trang Luong, Dileep Birur, Pankaj Lal

Clean Energy and Sustainability Analytics Center Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Dipl 4277 Aa Global Health, Bioterrorism, And International Security, Yanzhong Huang Phd

Diplomacy Syllabi

Global health issues have affected world history more extensively than most of us can imagine. As shown in the COVID-19 pandemic, international travel threatens transborder epidemics by transporting and spreading diseases globally at jet speed. The growing risk of exposure to infectious disease, coupled with the threat of intentional release of pathogens, creates a situation in which health and security are interacting with greater frequency and intensity. This development parallels efforts to redefine the concept of security to encompass new global challenges. This interdisciplinary course focuses on global health security by addressing the following questions: How did epidemics function as …

2021-10-01_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Care) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, …

Viral Subjects: Stigma, Civil Society Activism, And The Making Of Hiv/Aids In Lebanon, Elizabeth Berk

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines HIV/AIDS in Lebanon. It asks how people living with this illness do so in light of civil society activism to overcome social stigma associated with HIV/AIDS and related issues. The first full-length ethnographic study of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East region, research for this project was conducted at various periods throughout 2015-2018 at civil society organizations, among physicians, and among people living with HIV. This dissertation employs the research techniques of semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and media analysis. It argues, overall, that the subjectivities of those living with, treating, and advocating for HIV/AIDS cannot be understood without …

Cross-Kingdom Expression Of Synthetic Genetic Elements Promotes The Discovery Of A New Class Of Nucleotide Analogs From The Human Microbiome, Jaymin Patel

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The ability to mobilize functional genetic cargo into a versatile array of hosts is a defining challenge, as scientists increasingly reprogram diverse organisms as living therapeutics, for bioremediation, and as foundries for producing materials and molecules. However porting genetic material to diverse recipients is challenged by barriers to robust expression and mobilization. To address these challenges, we have developed an approach that integrates computer aided redesign of genetic sequences that are subsequently mobilized, expressed, and characterized cross-kingdom in diverse microbial hosts, including Gram negative and positive bacteria and yeast. Using the technology developed in this thesis, we were able to …

The Toll Of Our New Reality: Analyzing College Students’ Health In A Pandemic & Attitudes Towards Covid-19 Vaccinations, Ciara M. Ochoa

Honors Theses

Since the beginning of March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected several populations in the United States with many different hardships. With COVID-19 came the threat of a new disease, job insecurity affecting a large amount of our population, increased financial instability, and misinformation surrounding the new COVID-19 virus, the pandemic left an overwhelming majority of the United States population feeling mentally, physically, and overall exhausted. This study focuses on the already vulnerable and often overlooked population that is college students, and the aim of this study is to better assess the physical and mental impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic …

Novel Phosphatidylserine-Binding Molecule Enhances Antitumor T-Cell Responses By Targeting Immunosuppressive Exosomes In Human Tumor Microenvironments., Maulasri Bhatta, Gautam N Shenoy, Jenni L Loyall, Brian D Gray, Meghana Bapardekar, Alexis Conway, Hans Minderman, Raymond J Kelleher, Beatriz M Carreno, Gerald Linette, Leonard D. Shultz, Kunle Odunsi, Sathy V Balu-Iyer, Koon Yan Pak, Richard B Bankert

Faculty Research 2021

BACKGROUND: The human tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic milieu of diverse acellular and cellular components, creating an immunosuppressive environment, which contributes to tumor progression. We have previously shown that phosphatidylserine (PS) expressed on the surface of exosomes isolated from human TMEs is causally linked to T-cell immunosuppression, representing a potential immunotherapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the effect of ExoBlock, a novel PS-binding molecule, on T-cell responses in the TME.

METHODS: We designed and synthesized a new compound, (ZnDPA)

RESULTS: ExoBlock was able to bind PS with high avidity and was found to consistently and significantly …

Itihas Vol. 21 Issue No. 4, Sastra Univ

ITIHAS

NEWSLETTER FROM SASTRA DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Desirability Of Outcome Ranking For The Management Of Antimicrobial Therapy (Door Mat) Reveals Improvements In The Treatment Of Bloodstream Infections Caused By Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Pneumoniae In Patients From The Veterans Health Administration, Federico Perez, Brigid M. Wilson, Elie Saade, Robin L.P. Jump, Robert A. Bonomo

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Reductions in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a cornerstone of antimicrobial stewardship. We aim to demonstrate use of the Desirability of Outcome Ranking Approach for the Management of Antimicrobial Therapy (DOOR MAT) to evaluate the treatment of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in patients from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) across a decade. Methods: Using electronic records, we determined empiric and definitive antibiotic treatments, clinical characteristics, and 30-day mortality of patients with monomicrobial E. coli and K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections hospitalized in VHA medical centers from 2009 to 2018. Focusing on patients treated with parenteral β-lactams …

Mandating Covid-19 Vaccine For Nursing Home Staff: An Ethical Obligation, Robin L.P. Jump

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Explaining Intergovernmental Conflict In The Covid-19 Crisis: The United States, Canada, And Australia, Andre Lecours, Daniel Beland, Alan Fenna, Tracy Beck Fenwick, Mireille Paquet, Philip Rocco, Alex Waddan

Political Science Faculty Research and Publications

The Covid-19 pandemic produced more significant immediate intergovernmental conflict in the U.S. than in Australia and Canada. This article considers three variables for this cross-national divergence: presidentialism versus parliamentarism; vertical party integration; and strength of intergovernmental arrangements. We find that the U.S. presidential system, contrary to parliamentarism in Canada and Australia, provided an opportunity for a populist outsider skeptical of experts to win the presidency and pursue a personalized style that favored intergovernmental conflict in times of crisis. Then, the intergovernmental conflict-inducing effect of the Trump presidency during the pandemic was compounded by the vertical integration of political parties, which …