Data Analytics For Google Trend Search Result Of Illness Symptoms, Md Jakir Hossain

Theses and Dissertations

The outbreak of COVID-19 has escalated from March 2020. Since then, people from all over the world are curiously searching different types of illness symptoms including corona virus. Before the outbreak, people were also searching different types of symptoms at different times. Both diseases share same symptoms, but in the flu season. If certain types of symptoms are visible at summer season, then these symptoms are for corona virus. The main purpose of our study is to find out this discriminative information from these search result. We will discuss some mathematical concepts and then develop an algorithm based on those …

Factors Influencing Intent To Take A Covid-19 Test In The United States, Sheila Rutto

Theses and Dissertations

In 2020, COVID-19 became the first pandemic in the world’s history that brought the entire world to an abrupt and unexpected halt. Since the first reported case of the disease to date, the novel coronavirus has been able to wreak havoc in literary every corner of the globe and left an ever-growing number of unprecedented fatalities. The normal way of life has been disrupted, and the level of uncertainty about the end of this pandemic continues to manifest to many. Due to the urgency to bring this pandemic under control, medical officers have been able to recommend actions that people …

A Small Molecule Produced By Lactobacillus Species Blocks Candida Albicans Filamentation By Inhibiting A Dyrk1-Family Kinase, Jessie Macalpine, Martin Daniel-Ivad, Zhongle Liu, Junko Yano, Nicole M. Revie, Robert T. Todd, Peter J. Stogios, Hiram Sanchez, Teresa R. O’Meara, Thomas A. Tompkins, Alexei Savchenko, Anna Selmecki, Amanda O. Veri, David R. Andes, Paul L. Fidel, Nicole Robbins, Justin Nodwell, Luke Whitesell, Leah E. Cowen

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

The fungus Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can exploit imbalances in microbiome composition to invade its human host, causing pathologies ranging from vaginal candidiasis to fungal sepsis. Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are colonizers of human mucosa and can produce compounds with bioactivity against C. albicans. Here, we show that some Lactobacillus species produce a small molecule under laboratory conditions that blocks the C. albicans yeast-to-filament transition, an important virulence trait. It remains unexplored whether the compound is produced in the context of the human host. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Lactobacillus-conditioned medium linked this activity to 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1-ABC). We …

Trained Immunity Enhances The Immune Response And Maintains Microbiome Diversity In Aging And Sepsis, P. Spencer Gill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The global population is rapidly aging. It is estimated that over the next thirty years, the number of individuals >60 years of age will increase by over a billion, and the number of individuals over age 80 may increase by 300 million. As humans age, our immune system becomes progressively weaker through a process called immune senescence. This age-related decrease in immune function increases susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases. Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Over the past two decades, there has been an increased incidence of sepsis which is due, in part, to our aging population …

Role Of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase In Western-Type Diet-Induced Cardiac Outcomes Under Basal And Ischemic Conditions, Mary Wingard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), a serine/threonine kinase, plays a role in DNA damage repair, redox sensing, and metabolism. In the heart, ATM contributes significantly in the myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac remodeling with effects on fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis and inflammation. This study investigates the role of ATM deficiency in 14 weeks Western-type diet (WD)-induced cardiac outcomes prior to and 1-day post-MI in a sex-specific manner using wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice. In male mice, ATM deficiency induced rapid body weight gain and preload-associated dysfunction, while WT mice displayed afterload-associated dysfunction 14 weeks post-WD. Myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy were …

Genital Chlamydia Infection Is Influenced By The Female Sex Hormones Estrogen And Progesterone In Vivo, Amy Gail Gravitte

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States and worldwide. It often goes unnoticed due to lack of symptoms and left untreated it can ascend the female genital tract to cause sequelae like pelvic inflammatory disease and irreversible tubal infertility. In reproductive-aged women, female sex hormones estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations fluctuate during the menstrual cycle and are influenced by hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. E2 and P4 influence genital Chlamydia infection in women and mice, but these multifactorial interactions are not entirely mapped out. The complex interplay of E2 and P4 with …

Mesopredator Detection And Eastern Spotted Skunk Den Site Selection In North Carolina, Anna Siegfried

All Theses

Small carnivore assemblages have been a topic of interest for many years because of their potential top-down effect on communities. However, mesopredators are a challenge to investigate because of their small sizes and elusive behavior. Advances in technology, such as non-invasive trail cameras and smaller GPS tracking devices, have increased the success in monitoring these communities, and we are learning that some of these species’ populations have drastically declined, are currently declining, or the population status is unknown.

Adding an attractant to remote camera sites has become a popular method to increase detections of mesopredators. However, there is an ongoing …

Landscape Transformations Produce Favorable Roosting Conditions For Turkey Vultures And Black Vultures, Jacob E. Hill, Kenneth F. Kellner, Bryan M. Kluever, Michael L. Avery, John S. Humphrey, Eric A. Tillman, Travis L. Devault, Jerrold L. Belant

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Recent increases in turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) and black vulture (Coragyps atratus) populations in North America have been attributed in part to their success adapting to human-modified landscapes. However, the capacity for such landscapes to generate favorable roosting conditions for these species has not been thoroughly investigated. We assessed the role of anthropogenic and natural landscape elements on roosting habitat selection of 11 black and 7 turkey vultures in coastal South Carolina, USA using a GPS satellite transmitter dataset derived from previous research. Our dataset spanned 2006–2012 and contained data from 7916 nights of roosting. Landscape …

Sex And Nest Type Influence Avian Blood Parasite Prevalence In A High-Elevation Bird Community, Marina D. Rodriguez, Paul F. Doherty, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Kathryn P. Huyvaert

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Background: The prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites and the factors influencing infection in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are largely unknown. With climate change expected to promote the expansion of vector and avian blood parasite distributions, baseline knowledge and continued monitoring of the prevalence and diversity of these parasites is needed.

Methods: Using an occupancy modeling framework, we conducted a survey of haemosporidian parasite species infecting an avian community in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in order to estimate the prevalence and diversity of blood parasites and to investigate species-level and individual-level characteristics that may influence infection.

Results: We estimated the prevalence …

Potential Use For Serosurveillance Of Feral Swine To Map Risk For Anthrax Exposure, Texas, Usa, Rachel M. Maison, Courtney F. Pierce, Izabela K. Ragan, Vienna R. Brown, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Richard A. Bowen, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Anthrax is a disease of concern in many mammals, including humans. Management primarily consists of prevention through vaccination and tracking clinical-level observations because environmental isolation is laborious and bacterial distribution across large geographic areas diffi cult to confi rm. Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are an invasive species with an extensive range in the southern United States that rarely succumbs to anthrax. We present evidence that feral swine might serve as biosentinels based on comparative seroprevalence in swine from historically defi ned anthrax-endemic and non–anthraxendemic regions of Texas. Overall seropositivity was 43.7% (n = 478), and logistic regression revealed county endemicity …

Bacteria Profiles And Risk Factors For Proven Early-Onset Sepsis In Preterm Neonates, Jingwen Hu, Xiaosong Qin

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To fill this gap in the literature and establish a prediction model. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between April 2018 and April 2019. Sixty-five sepsis cases were clinically diagnosed with early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and confirmed by bacterial culture, and 91 newborns were enrolled as control. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the data, and the predictive efficiency of the prediction model was verified using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: There were differences in multiple gestation birth, cesarean section, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores at …

Skin And Soft Tissue Infections In Hospitalized Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study, Huda M. Al-Mutairi, Oluwaseun Egunsola, Afaf Almutairi, Salha M. Al-Dossary, Rana S. Alshammasi, Dalal S. Al-Dossari, Sheraz Ali

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assess the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized cancer patients with skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted between March 2016 and December 2020 at the Oncology Department of King Saudi Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients with complicated and uncomplicated SSTIs were included. Results: A total of 204 cancer patients with SSTIs were evaluated. The incidence of SSTIs was 1.67% (204/12,203). Breast cancer (39%) was the most common solid tumor in all patients with SSTIs. Exit site infection (n=84, 41.2%) was the most common SSTI in cancer patients, followed by wound infection …

Publisher Correction: The Genome Of The Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans, Reveals Potential Mechanisms Underlying Reproduction, Host Interactions, And Novel Targets For Pest Control (Bmc Biology, (2021), 19, 1, (41), 10.1186/S12915-021-00975-9), Pia U. Olafson, Serap Aksoy, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Greta Buckmeier, Xiaoting Chen, Craig J. Coates, Megan Davis, Justin Dykema, Scott J. Emrich, Markus Friedrich, Christopher J. Holmes, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Evan N. Jansen, Emily C. Jennings, Daniel Lawson, Ellen O. Martinson, Gareth L. Maslen, Richard P. Meisel, Terence D. Murphy, Dana Nayduch, David R. Nelson, Kennan J. Oyen, Tyler J. Raszick, José M.C. Ribeiro, Hugh M. Robertson, Andrew J. Rosendale, Timothy B. Sackton, Perot Saelao, Sonja L. Swiger, Sing Hoi Sze, Aaron M. Tarone, David B. Taylor, Wesley C. Warren, Robert M. Waterhouse, Matthew T. Weirauch, John H. Werren, Richard K. Wilson, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Joshua B. Benoit

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Following publication of the original article [1], it was reported that the article copyright was incorrect. The correct copyright statement is: © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021. The original article [1] has been corrected.

Stat3 Inhibits Type I Interferon Signaling In Type I Conventional Dendritic Cells, Taylor Chrisikos

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are an essential immune population, responsible for controlling adaptive immunity and tolerance. Recently, type I cDCs (cDC1s) have been delineated as a distinct cDC subset, uniquely responsible for coordinating T cell-mediated immunity against pathogens and tumors. Although the importance of cDC1s is now well established, the mechanisms that regulate cDC1 function remain largely unknown. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) mediates the intracellular signaling of interleukin 10 (IL-10), an immunosuppressive cytokine. Therefore, we hypothesized that STAT3 and IL-10 inhibit cDC1 function and induction of T cell-mediated immunity. Herein, we show that IL-10 inhibits polyinosinic:polycytidylic …

Enhancing Adoptive Cell Therapy By Augmenting Fitness And Anti-Tumor Function Of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Parin Shah

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has established the importance of cancer immunotherapy in solid cancers, where it has been adopted as one of the standards of care for advanced melanoma and lung cancer. It is currently being investigated to treat other solid cancers. However, a large fraction of patients do not respond to ICIs and relapse. ICI therapy offers an in vivo approach to activate tumor-specific T cells, albeit in some cases, this modality does not create a sufficiently robust anti-tumor response. Thus, ex vivo approaches employing manipulation of immune cells, such as Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) using …

Enhancing The Performance Of Text Mining, Farah Mahmoud Al Shanik

All Dissertations

The amount of text data produced in science, finance, social media, and medicine is growing at an unprecedented pace. The raw text data typically introduces major computational and analytical obstacles (e.g., extremely high dimensionality) to data mining and machine learning algorithms. Besides, the growth in the size of text data makes the search process more difficult for information retrieval systems, making retrieving relevant results to match the users’ search queries challenging. Moreover, the availability of text data in different languages creates the need to develop new methods to analyze multilingual topics to help policymakers in governmental and health systems to …

Nmr Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Of Platelets To Analyze Brain Tumors, Shivanand Pudakalakatti, Alessandra Audia, Anirudh Mukhopadhyay, José S Enriquez, Dontrey Bourgeois, Nabihah Tayob, Niki M Zacharias, Steven W Millward, Daniel Carson, Mary C Farach-Carson, Frederick F Lang, Amy B Heimberger, Krishna P Bhat, Pratip K Bhattacharya

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

"Tumor-educated platelets" have recently generated substantial interest for the diagnosis of cancer. We hypothesized that tumor educated platelets from patients with brain tumors will reflect altered metabolism compared to platelets from healthy volunteers. Here, in a pilot study, we have employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in platelets from brain tumor patients to demonstrate altered metabolism compared to the platelets obtained from healthy volunteers.

A Phenomenological Study Examining How The Covid-19 Pandemic Changed The Way Teachers Use Technology To Deliver Instruction From March 2020 - May 2021, Dedra Lamb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teacher perception of changes in the instructional delivery and learning opportunities via technology during and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 until May 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected educational organizations. School closures in March 2020 forced teachers to change their instructional delivery from an in-person platform to a virtual platform. This disruption to the delivery of instruction with the use of technology changed the way teachers plan for learning, delivery content, present learning activities, and assessment. The urgency required teachers to develop new strategies and experiment with adaptations …

Minimizing The Impact Of The Triple Burden Of Covid-19, Tuberculosis And Hiv On Health Services In Sub-Saharan Africa, Jean B Nachega, Nathan Kapata, Nadia A Sam-Agudu, Eric H Decloedt, Patrick D M C Katoto, Tumaini Nagu, Peter Mwaba, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Pascalina Chanda-Kapata, Francine Ntoumi, Elvin H Geng, Alimuddin Zumla

Open Access Publications

In this perspective, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis (TB)/HIV health services and approaches to mitigating the growing burden of these three colliding epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). SSA countries bear significantly high proportions of TB and HIV cases reported worldwide, compared to countries in the West. Whilst COVID-19 epidemiology appears to vary across Africa, most countries in this region have reported relatively lower-case counts compared to the West. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has added an additional burden to already overstretched health systems in SSA, which, among other things, have been focused on the longstanding dual epidemics of …

From Canines To Humans: Clinical Importance Of Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius, Karen C. Carroll, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Lars F. Westblade

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Literature Review Of Paid Sick Leave And Disparate Populations In The United States During The Covid Pandemic, Jessica Davies

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

The COVID pandemic is providing many public health and health policy learning opportunities to identify disparities among women, minorities, and underserved/distressed populations and inform subsequent policy-level strategies. It is recommended people stay home when they are sick; yet, not all people have access to paid sick leave. Individuals are left with the unfortunate decision to lose pay or go to work when they are ill. This is disconcerting in any given year with the annual flu illness and other communicable diseases; however, especially concerning during the COVID pandemic given the high virus transmissibility. Paid sick leave is not universally accessible …

Evaluating Nebraska Ems Providers' Ability And Willingness To Respond To Bioterrorism Emergencies, Ryan Houser

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Previous studies have found that public health systems within the United States are inadequately prepared for an act of biological terrorism. This study utilized an Internet-based survey to assess the level of preparedness and willingness to respond to a bioterrorism attack, and identify factors that predict preparedness and willingness among Nebraska Emergency Medical Service providers, who are key to resilience in the face of an attack. The survey was available for one month in 2021 during which 190 EMS providers responded to the survey. The subjects included Registered Nurses, doctors, EMTs, and paramedics. Only 10% of the respondents are both …

Interval Constraint-Solving Strategies For Solving Dynamical Systems, Angel Fernando Garcia Contreras

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

There are abundant phenomena that humans can describe through mathematical models. Dynamical systems are one such type of model, describing the behavior of phenomena that change over time. For example, a scientist can measure and analyze an insect's wing parameters and movements to create a dynamical system of that behavior. We can then use this model in different applications, such as creating a nano vehicle with insect-like propulsion.

For many real life problems, there exist analytical solutions. These can represent a full description of the state of a dynamical system at any moment in continuous time. However, in most practical …

Combination Of Nir Triggered Lanthanide Upconverting Nanoplatforms With Fullerene For Controlled Drug Release And Photo Cancer Therapy, Lei Ma

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, externally activatable, treatment modality for various diseases, especially for cancer therapy. Similar to radiotherapy, the mode of action with PDT involves the use of electromagnetic radiation to generate radical species in situ. However, PDT is a much milder approach for cancer treatment. Because of the unique physicochemical properties of fullerenes (such as C60), many potential biomedical applications, including PDT, became possible with them. As a main principle of PDT, the anticancer properties of various fullerene preparations usually result from their ability to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), after photoexcitation. However, because of the …

Comprehensive Study Of Human Pathogenic Trypanosomatids: From Chemotherapies To Disease Ecology, Felipe Rodriguez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The vector-borne diseases Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, caused by the kinetoplastid parasites Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi respectively, are among the most important parasitic diseases in the group of neglected tropical diseases. Even though the two diseases are endemic to the Americas, they affect millions of people worldwide. Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease cause a great array of symptoms and some of them can be fatal if left undiagnosed and untreated. Current treatment regimens are becoming less effective, vaccines are still not available, and diagnosis needs to be improved. Vector control has been responsible for a decrease of diseases in endemic …

Examination Of The Association Between C - Reactive Protein(Crp) And Covid-19 Infection Severity And Length Of Hospitalization, Abdulahi Aremu Ayanwale

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Chronic stress can lead to many systemic complications and low-grade systemic inflammation including increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation and is associated with depression and perceived stress. Elevations can result in ineffective immune responses, thereby increasing the risk of complications and mortality from infections. Recent evidence suggests that uncontrolled inflammatory responses associated with COVID 19 are a major determinant of disease severity.  The COVID 19 is transmitted from one person to another through droplets from coughing, sneezing, talking, touching droplets on surfaces and contamination by hand-to-mouth routes. The mechanism …

A Integrated Approach Of Deep Learning And Augmented Reality For Pneumonia Detection In Chest X-Ray Images, Jeevarathinam Senthilkumar

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Pneumonia is a viral or fungal illness that spreads to the lungs of the human body, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs' air sacs. Millions of people are affected by this disease each year. One of the most common radiological diagnostics for diagnosing and screening this kind of sickness is a chest X-ray. The most commonly available radiological test for diagnosing and screening this kind of illness is a chest X-ray. An inaccurate diagnosis, especially over-diagnosis and under-diagnosis, is a common issue in the medical sector. As another issue, human-assisted diagnosis has limitations like the availability of an expert, …

Impact Of Fish Oil On Intestinal Permeability, Inflammation, And Performance In Swine, Anthony Fernando Alberto

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Our research examined the effects of fish oil supplementation on intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation and performance in piglets. An lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was done to stimulate the synthesis and release of the cytokines, in an effort to mimic the immune response that piglets would have when facing stress or pathogen challenge. Fish oil increased feed intake but did not affect growth when compared to control. Total fatty acid digestibility increased by 6% when fish oil was included in the diet. Also, we observed a 16% increase on 16-carbon fatty acids digestibility. Fish oil did not affect the plasma …

Development Of Aptamer Rolling Circle Amplification Platform As A Vaccine Adjuvant To Control Salmonella In Broiler Chickens, Abigeal Iyabode Omolewu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salmonella has been a major source of concern in public health and food industry. It is the cause of gastrointestinal illness and fever called salmonellosis. Severe cases of salmonellosis have resulted in hospitalization and even death around the world. Salmonella can be found in the intestinal tract of animals including chickens and can be transmitted to human through contaminated food. Hence, it is highly important to find ways of reducing the transmission of Salmonella from chickens to humans. This work is focused on the control of Salmonella in broiler chicken through the development of novel vaccine adjuvant. Two different aptamer …

Investigation Of Histomoniasis Prevention In Poultry, Lesleigh Beer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Histomonas meleagridis is the etiological agent of histomoniasis, also commonly known as blackhead disease. This protozoal disease of poultry is detrimental to turkeys with flock mortalities often reaching 80-100%, although other gallinaceous birds are susceptible. Since the voluntary removal of nitarsone in 2015, the poultry industry is suffering with no approved prophylactics, therapeutics, or vaccines for this disease. The objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate multiple methods for prevention or control of histomoniasis, including dietary chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. Specifically, this research evaluated quinine as a chemoprophylactic candidate (Chapter 3) or live-attenuated H. meleagridis as vaccine candidates (Chapter 4) in …