Digital Commons Network^™

Invader Removal Triggers Competitive Release In A Threatened Avian Predator, J. David Wiens, Katie M. Dugger, J. Mark Higley, Damon B. Lesmeister, Alan B. Franklin, Keith A. Hamm, Gary C. White, Krista E. Dilione, David C. Simon, Robin R. Bown, Peter C. Carlson, Charles B. Yackulic, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, Raymond J. Davis, David W. Lamphear, Christopher Mccafferty, Trent L. Mcdonald, Stan G. Sovern

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Changes in the distribution and abundance of invasive species can have far-reaching ecological consequences. Programs to control invaders are common but gauging the effectiveness of such programs using carefully controlled, large-scale field experiments is rare, especially at higher trophic levels. Experimental manipulations coupled with long-term demographic monitoring can reveal the mechanistic underpinnings of interspecific competition among apex predators and suggest mitigation options for invasive species. We used a large-scale before-after control-impact removal experiment to investigate the effects of an invasive competitor, the barred owl (Strix varia), on the population dynamics of an iconic old-forest native species, the northern spotted owl …

Psychological Impact Of Covid-19 And Lock Down Measures: An Online Cross-Sectional Multicounty Study On Asian University Students, Karuthan Chinna, Sheela Sundarasen, Heba Bakr Khoshaim, Kamilah Kamaludin, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Gul Mohammad Baloch, Syed Far Abid Hossain, Areej Sukayt, Nevi Dalina, Zahid Memon

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures have taken a toll on every level of the society, worldwide. This study examines their psychological impact on university students in Asia. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April and May 2020 in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, India and Indonesia. The Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and questions on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were used in this study. A total of 3,679 students from the seven countries participated in this study. Overall, 21.9% and 13.7% of the students in this study experienced mild to moderate and severe to extreme …

Alfanet: A Database Of Alfalfa-Bacterial Stem Blight Protein–Protein Interactions Revealing The Molecular Features Of The Disease-Causing Bacteria, Raghav Kataria, Rakesh Kaundal

Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research

Alfalfa has emerged as one of the most important forage crops, owing to its wide adaptation and high biomass production worldwide. In the last decade, the emergence of bacterial stem blight (caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae ALF3) in alfalfa has caused around 50% yield losses in the United States. Studies are being conducted to decipher the roles of the key genes and pathways regulating the disease, but due to the sparse knowledge about the infection mechanisms of Pseudomonas, the development of resistant cultivars is hampered. The database alfaNET is an attempt to assist researchers by providing comprehensive Pseudomonas proteome …

Law, Criminalisation And Hiv In The World: Have Countries That Criminalise Achieved More Or Less Successful Pandemic Response?, Matthew M. Kavanagh, Schadrac C. Agbla, Marissa Joy, Kashish Aneja, Mara Pillinger, Alaina Case, Ngozi A. Erondu, Taavi Erkkola, Ellie Graeden

O'Neill Institute Papers

How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 years sought to prevent mortality and HIV transmission in part through ensuring people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their HIV status and could suppress the HIV virus through antiretroviral treatment. This article presents a cross-national ecological analysis of the relative success of national AIDS responses under this strategy, where laws were characterised by more or less criminalisation and with varying rights …

Covid-19 Health Recommendations For K-12 Schools, Hannah Echols

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Uab Experts Answer New Covid-19 Questions, Haley Herfurth

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Diminishing Opportunities For Sustainability Of Coastal Cities In The Anthropocene: A Review, John W. Day, Joel D. Gunn, Joseph Robert Burger

Biology Faculty Publications

The world is urbanizing most rapidly in tropical to sub-temperate areas and in coastal zones. Climate change along with other global change forcings will diminish the opportunities for sustainability of cities, especially in coastal areas in low-income countries. Climate forcings include global temperature and heatwave increases that are expanding the equatorial tropical belt, sea-level rise, an increase in the frequency of the most intense tropical cyclones, both increases and decreases in freshwater inputs to coastal zones, and increasingly severe extreme precipitation events, droughts, freshwater shortages, heat waves, and wildfires. Current climate impacts are already strongly influencing natural and human systems. …

August 2, 2021 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Rsv-Induced Guillain–Barré Syndrome, Priyanga Jayakumar, Christe Shen, Dylan Goldsmith, Steven Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

A patient with respiratory syncytial virus-induced Guillain–Barré Syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is presented. This virus is the most common cause of upper respiratory infections, and it can become an etiology for extra-pulmonary pathology with serious complications. Such a case is rare, but the possibility of adverse comorbidities makes early diagnosis and treatment important.

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Pyrazolo[1,5-A]Pyrimidines And (4-Hydroxy-6-Trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2-Yl) Guanidines, Justin Dave Singleton

Theses and Dissertations

A microwave reactor was used to synthesize a series of novel 3,6-disubstituted or 3-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in a total of 1 hour reaction time over 3 steps. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields (34-92%, ave = 52%) using a straightforward synthesis starting with the reaction of dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal with commercially available aryl acetonitriles (120C, 20 min). This was followed by treatment with H2NNH2 • HBr (120C, 20 min), and then reacted with either 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane or a 2-aryl-substituted malondialdehydes (120C, 20 min). The resulting product was either collected on a sintered glass funnel or purified via column chromatography. The compounds …

A Review Of Novel Coronavirus: Cross-Disciplinal Perspective, Iram Asim, Hafsa Rehman, Rabeea Anwar, Humaira Yasmeen

Journal of Bioresource Management

The whole world is under the influence of coronavirus after its first report from Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus is from coronaviridae family which has zoonotic viruses that can spread from animals to humans. The coronavirus like other viruses of this family produces mild flu-like symptoms within 2-14 days in the human host which progresses to death in severe cases. Unlikely coronavirus spread fast among humans-infectious diseases. Up till now (27/04/2020) around 2.97M cases and 207K deaths have been reported. The presence of a virus in respiratory secretions is diagnosed through molecular methods and chest scans. For this …

"Friendly Reminder: Hi! It Is That Time Again ☺": Understanding Pmtct Care Text Message Design Preferences Amongst Pre- And Post-Partum Women And Their Male Partners., Natabhona M. Mabachi, Melinda Brown, Catherine Wexler, Kathy Goggin, May Maloba, Dama Olungae, Brad Gautney, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services in Kenya can be strengthened through the delivery of relevant and culturally appropriate SMS messages.

METHODS: This study reports on the results of focus groups conducted with pre and postnatal women living with HIV (5 groups, n = 40) and their male partners (3 groups, n = 33) to elicit feedback and develop messages to support HIV+ women's adherence to ART medication, ANC appointments and a facility-based birth. The principles of message design informed message development.

RESULTS: Respondents wanted ART adherence messages that were low in verbal immediacy (ambiguous), came from an …

Das181 Treatment Of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Parainfluenza Virus Infection In Immunocompromised Patients: A Phase 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study, Roy F Chemaly, Francisco M Marty, Cameron R Wolfe, Steven J Lawrence, Sanjeet Dadwal, Rosemary Soave, Jason Farthing, Stephen Hawley, Paul Montanez, Jimmy Hwang, Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho, Stanley Lewis, George Wang, Michael Boeckh

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: There are no antiviral therapies for parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections. DAS181, a sialidase fusion protein, has demonstrated activity in in vitro and in animal models of PIV.

METHODS: Adult immunocompromised patients diagnosed with PIV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) who required oxygen supplementation were randomized 2:1 to nebulized DAS181 (4.5 mg/day) or matching placebo for up to 10 days. Randomization was stratified by need for mechanical ventilation (MV) or supplemental oxygen (SO). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reaching clinical stability survival (CSS) defined as returning to room air (RTRA), normalization of vital signs for at least …

Probiotics In Prevention And Treatment Of Covid-19: Current Perspective And Future Prospects, Shilia Jacob Kurian, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan Unnikrishnan, Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Debasis Bagchi, Mithu Banerjee, B. Shrikar Reddy, Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues, Mohan K. Manu, Kavitha Saravu, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Mahadev Rao

Faculty Publications

Saving lives and flattening the curve are the foremost priorities during the ongoing pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2. Developing cutting-edge technology and collating available evidence would support frontline health teams. Nutritional adequacy improves general health and immunity to prevent and assuage infections. This review aims to outline the potential role of probiotics in fighting the COVID-19 by covering recent evidence on the association between microbiota, probiotics, and COVID-19, the role of probiotics as an immune-modulator and antiviral agent. The high basic reproduction number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2, absence of conclusive remedies, and the pleiotropic effect of probiotics in fighting influenza and other …

Resilience-Focused Hiv Care To Promote Psychological Well-Being During Covid-19 And Other Catastrophes, Erika G. Martin, L. Lauren Brown, Hannah K. Knudsen, Heather J. Gotham, Bryan R. Garner

Public Administration and Policy Faculty Scholarship

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected people with HIV due to disruptions in prevention and care services, economic impacts, and social isolation. These stressors have contributed to worse physical health, HIV treatment outcomes, and psychological wellness. Psychological sequelae associated with COVID-19 threaten the overall well-being of people with HIV and efforts to end the HIV epidemic. Resilience is a known mediator of health disparities and can improve psychological wellness and behavioral health outcomes along the HIV Continuum of Care. Though resilience is often organically developed in individuals as a result of overcoming adversity, it may be fostered through multi-level internal …

The Greenbook, Faculty Handbook, 2021-2022, Marshall University Academic Affairs

The Greenbook

This book has been published for the faculty of Marshall University for the specified period of time. This book was created by Academic Affairs and is for the period of 2021-2022.

(E)-2,6,10-Trimethyldodec-8-En-2-Ol: An Undescribed Sesquiterpenoid From Copaiba Oil, Mohammed F. Hawwal, Zulfiqar Ali, Mei Wang, Jianping Zhao

Faculty and Student Publications

The use of copaiba oil has been reported since the 16th century in Amazon traditional medicine, especially as an anti-inflammatory ingredient and for wound healing. The use of copaiba oil continues today, and it is sold in various parts of the world, including the United States. Copaiba oil contains mainly sesquiterpenes, bioactive compounds that are popular for their positive effect on human health. As part of our ongoing research endeavors to identify the chemical constituents of broadly consumed herbal supplements or their adulterants, copaiba oil was investigated. In this regard, copaiba oil was subjected to repeated silica gel column chromatography …

The Black Church, Social Media, And Vaccine Hesitancy: A Program Evaluation Of A Virtual Town Hall Meeting Intended To Educate, Empower And Expedite Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake Intent Among Black Americans., Nina Johnson

Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers

Background: Vaccines are among the most important public health interventions of the 20th century saving millions of lives each year. Notwithstanding, the United States has seen a growing resistance to vaccinations since the late 1990s. Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a delay or decline to accept vaccines, despite the available of safe and effective vaccines (WHO, 2019). Combatting VH in Black communities is especially challenging, complex, and multifaceted due to an elevated sense of medical mistrust from persistent racial discrimination, injustices and medical malfeasance. The current coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has further magnified the intersection of this structural racism, the associated …

Faculty Senate Regarding Covid-19 Policies, Faculty Senators

COVID-19 Policies

This is the Faculty Senate document regarding COVID-19 policies as of August 25, 2021.

Interleukin-17a Facilitates Chikungunya Virus Infection By Inhibiting Ifn-Α2 Expression, Biswas Neupane

Dissertations

Interferons (IFNs) are the key components of innate immunity and are crucial for host defense against viral infections. Here, we report a novel role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in inhibiting IFN-α2 expression, thus promoting chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. CHIKV infected IL-17A deficient (Il17a^-/-) mice expressed a higher level of IFN-α2 and developed diminished viremia and milder footpad swelling in comparison to wild-type (WT) control mice, this was also recapitulated in IL-17A receptor-deficient (Il17ra^-/-) mice. Interestingly, IL-17A selectively blocked IFN-α2 production during CHIKV, but not West Nile virus (WNV) or Zika virus (ZIKV), infections. Recombinant IL-17A …

Proceedings Of The Harmful Algal Bloom (Hab) Preparedness & Response Virtual Workshop And Tabletop Exercise, Coastal Response Research Center

Coastal Response Research Center

On April 27 - 28, 2021, CRRC and DPP co-sponsored a virtual workshop entitled “Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Preparedness & Response.” The workshop focused on HAB preparedness and response capabilities and responsibilities across the Federal Interagency Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (IWG – HABHRCA) members and select state agencies. Workshop participants represented academia, Federal, state, and local agencies. The two-day workshop included plenary presentations from Federal, state, and non-government agency representatives outlining: their roles and responsibilities; risk and crisis communication strategies; tools for early detection, measurement quantification, and mitigation; and public health and …

4ms Framework For Aging Healthcare, Christine Zaki

Nursing Capstones

Background: At the beginning of the pandemic, primary care clinics in North Dakota (ND) had just a trickle of daily telehealth encounters. Over time, these encounters increased, primarily for the youngest seniors (55 – 70 years old). Due to increased COVID-19 cases among the elderly population in ND, the Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) allocated a grant to the University of North Dakota (UND) to promote telehealth use in the elderly residing in rural ND and receiving home care through the desired home care agency. This project aims to promote telehealth to reduce exposure to COVID-19 among the geriatric populations …

Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic Handbook - August 2021, Department Of Audiology And Speech-Language Pathology, East Tennessee State University

Speech-Language Pathology Handbooks

No abstract provided.

Regional Covid-19 Dynamics: Surrogate Synchrony In Case Infection Rates, Samantha Robinson

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

As many jurisdictions consider in-person learning strategies (including at Institutions of Higher Education, IHE), implementing travel restrictions or quarantines, and/or establishing interstate pacts to reduce COVID-19 spread, this study explores the degree to which COVID-19 case infection rates in a group of neighboring, Southern and Midwestern U.S. states (namely, Arkansas and its contiguous neighbors) are patterned in a non-random way known as synchrony. Utilizing surrogate synchrony (SUSY) to estimate the dyadic coupling between the COVID-19 case infection rate processes in this region from March to December 2020, results indicate that significant synchrony is present between Arkansas and three of its …

Extreme Heat And Paediatric Emergency Department Visits In Southwestern Ontario, Piotr Wilk, Anna Gunz, Alana Maltby, Tharsha Ravichakaravarthy, Kristin K. Clemens, Éric Lavigne, Rodrick Lim, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera

Paediatrics Publications

Objective: The risk of adverse health events is expected to increase with hotter temperatures, particularly among the most vulnerable groups such as elderly persons and children. The objective of this study was to assess the association between extreme heat and daily emergency department visits among children (0 to 17 years) in Southwestern Ontario. Methods: We examined the average maximum temperature, relative humidity, and daily paediatric emergency department visits in June through August of 2002 to 2019. We reviewed emergency department visits from two academic hospitals. Daily meteorological data from the local weather station were obtained from Environment and Climate Change …

Shea Pediatric Leadership Council Commentary: Supporting Well Child Care During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic With Personal Protective Equipment In The Ambulatory Setting, Joshua K Schaffzin, Allison H. Bartlett, Latania K. Logan, Judith A Guzman-Cottrill, Carolyn Caughell, Karen A. Ravin, Lorry G. Rubin, Larry K. Kociolek, Martha L. Muller, Jason Lake, Lynn Ramirez-Avila, Shea Pediatric Leadership Council

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Analysis Of Covid-19 Vaccine Distribution Efforts In India And Mongolia Through Data Visualization, Paridh Latawa, Sadhana Kumar, Udeshna Srimal, Rachana Tanksali, Edward Ning '23, Ajay Macherla, Haily Nguyen, Kristina Lian, Joy Jiang, Daniel Stewart

External Student Research Opportunities

COVID-19 vaccine allocation efforts have posed challenges and offered opportunities to alleviate the ongoing pandemic. Nations have employed varying approaches for COVID-19 vaccine distribution; in particular, Mongolia and India have differed in approaches to vaccine allocation efforts. As of June 2021, Mongolia has vaccinated more than 60% of its population, whereas India has only vaccinated about 7.5%. This disparity highlights the need for the present study, which utilizes a mixed-method approach to examine the two countries' vaccine distribution strategies and COVID-19 containment policies from January to July 2021. The study has three major components: 1) policy analysis to highlight core …

Cytokines: From Clinical Significance To Quantification, Chao Liu, Dewei Chu, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, Jacob George, Howard A. Young, Guozhen Liu

United States Public Health Resources

Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification of cytokines has significant value in both clinical medicine and biology as the levels provide insights into physiological and pathological processes and can be used to aid diagnosis and treatment. Cytokines and their clinical significance are introduced from the perspective of their pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Factors affecting cytokines quantification in biological fluids, native levels in different body fluids, sample processing and storage conditions, sensitivity to freeze-thaw, and soluble cytokine receptors are discussed. In addition, recent advances …

Mental Healthcare In Costa Rica: A Critical Perspective, Claire Elise Decelles

Theses and Graduate Projects

The country of Costa Rica often ranks high on happiness metrics and healthcare quality metrics. Mental healthcare in Costa Rica is often not discussed when reviewing those metrics. This paper attempts to explore mental healthcare in Costa Rica through a critical lens. Specifically, what factors affect the mental health of Costa Rican’s, if they experience mental health issues at the same rates as other areas of the world, what access is like, the prevalence of stigma surrounding mental illness, and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health. Through literature review and conversing with locals, it was found that mental …

Modification Of Cell Wall Polysaccharide Guides Cell Division In Streptococcus Mutans., Svetlana Zamakhaeva, Catherine T Chaton, Jeffrey S. Rush, Sowmya Ajay Castro, Cameron W Kenner, Alexander E Yarawsky, Andrew B Herr, Nina M Van Sorge, Helge C Dorfmueller, Gregory I Frolenkov, Konstantin V Korotkov, Natalia Korotkova

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In ovoid-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria, MapZ guides FtsZ-ring positioning at cell equators. The cell wall of the ovococcus Streptococcus mutans contains peptidoglycan decorated with serotype c carbohydrates (SCCs). In the present study, we identify the major cell separation autolysin AtlA as an SCC-binding protein. AtlA binding to SCC is attenuated by the glycerol phosphate (GroP) modification. Using fluorescently labeled AtlA constructs, we mapped SCC distribution on the streptococcal surface, revealing enrichment of GroP-deficient immature SCCs at the cell poles and equators. The immature SCCs co-localize with MapZ at the equatorial rings throughout the cell cycle. In GroP-deficient mutants, AtlA is mislocalized, …