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2021

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Chemical, Physical, And Antibacterial Properties Of Contemporary Pulp Capping Materials, Yu-Yin Lin Jan 2021

Chemical, Physical, And Antibacterial Properties Of Contemporary Pulp Capping Materials, Yu-Yin Lin

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this project was to compare the chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties of right contemporary direct pulp capping materials. The material categories included in this study were calcium hydroxide (Dycal, Lime-Lite and Ultra-Blend plus), calcium silicate (MTA Angelus, Biodentine, TheraCal LC), calcium aluminate (Ceramir Protect LC), and resin ionomer (Bio-Cap). Calcium release and pH changes were measured via a calcium ion-selective electrode (Vernier Company) and pH sensor (Vernier Company) respectively, after specimens were immersed in 36.8oC deionized water for 1, 7, 28 and 90 days. Water solubility was calculated with weight loss of the specimens from 0 to …

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Mucus Matters: Mucociliary Physiology In Chronic Lung Diseases, Jacelyn Emily Peabody Lever Jan 2021

Mucus Matters: Mucociliary Physiology In Chronic Lung Diseases, Jacelyn Emily Peabody Lever

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The mucociliary escalator is an innate defense mechanism in the lung comprised of the ciliated, pseudostratified epithelium that lines the conducting airways and the mucus that sits atop the cilia. Mucus traps inhaled particulate matter/pathogens, and the cilia brush works in concert to propel the mucin gel proximally. Therefore, proper mucociliary physiology is critical to maintaining lung health. A metachronal wave propagated across the epithelium can occur when the phase of the ciliary stroke is shifted in time relative to its neighbors. Metachrony has been hypothesized to help overcome the viscoelastic forces required for the propulsion of mucus. Still, its …

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A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare The Histomorphometric And Clinical Outcomes Of Soft Tissue Augmentation At The Time Of Lateral Ridge Augmentation Procedures, Kenneth Liu Jan 2021

A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare The Histomorphometric And Clinical Outcomes Of Soft Tissue Augmentation At The Time Of Lateral Ridge Augmentation Procedures, Kenneth Liu

All ETDs from UAB

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) can be used to augment deficient alveolar ridges in preparation for dental implant placement. Mucogingival deformities can result from the periosteal releasing incision during GBR. This can be addressed by additional soft tissue augmentation procedures to increase the width of keratinized tissue and vertical soft tissue thickness, both of which have demonstrated clinical benefits around implants. The drawbacks of soft tissue augmentation following ridge augmentation include an additional procedure, increased patient morbidity, and less patient acceptance of treatment. In general, soft tissue augmentation can be performed at various time points throughout treatment, but literature on soft …

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Implications Of Genetic Variation On Patient Disease And Therapeutic Options, Ashlee Long Jan 2021

Implications Of Genetic Variation On Patient Disease And Therapeutic Options, Ashlee Long

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Advancements in sequencing technology have enabled the widespread utilization of genetic testing, increasing the diagnosis and understanding of genetic disease. Clinicians and researchers are now faced with the difficulty of interpreting genetic results and understanding how genetic variation can impact patient disease phenotype. Herein we utilized three different genes (frataxin, neurofibromin 1, and NTRK2), which result in Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), and NTRK2-associated phenotypes respectively, to discuss the impacts of genetic variants on molecular phenotype and explore potential therapeutics. To determine how genetic variation of repeat sequences affects different patient tissues, DNA and protein were extracted from …

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The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla Jan 2021

The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla

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Cardiovascular disease risk is higher among adult with diabetes than those without diabetes. This increase in risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics. Recent US data showed a resurgence in stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) among adults with diabetes, and an increase in heart failure (HF) mortality. Therefore, this dissertation investigated how cardiovascular disease risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics for adults across the glycemic spectrum.Data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, an ongoing prospective cohort of 30,239 Black and White adults age 45 years at baseline (2003-07) …

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Evaluation Of Flexural Strength, Modulus, Translucency, Stain Resistance, And Gloss Of Different 3d Printing Materials, Shantanu Mankar Jan 2021

Evaluation Of Flexural Strength, Modulus, Translucency, Stain Resistance, And Gloss Of Different 3d Printing Materials, Shantanu Mankar

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Background: 3D printing, the next step in digital dentistry, has improved the technical accuracy in treating patients. There are many advantages of 3D-printed techniques in the field of prosthodontics. It can be clearly experienced from an intraoral scanner, with its digital data, making many physical working models. With the recent 3D-printed, we can eliminate the traditional impression technique, similar to the fabrication procedure. The milling method, which includes a computerized programmed pattern of cutting the material with, but can be a wastage of materials along with producing noise, heat, and other components (Park, Ahn, Cha, & Lee, 2018)Objectives: To evaluate …

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An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Student Achievement And The Emotional Intelligence Quotient Of Secondary Principals In Alabama Schools, Dorothiann Martin Jan 2021

An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Student Achievement And The Emotional Intelligence Quotient Of Secondary Principals In Alabama Schools, Dorothiann Martin

All ETDs from UAB

This dissertational work provides an analysis between school leader emotional intelligence and academic achievement using selected indicators of student achievement in Alabama high schools. Emotional intelligence levels were measured by administering The Shutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test to willing high school principal participants in the state of Alabama. The student achievement measures include: (a) high school graduation rate, (b) performance on the American College Test (ACT), and (c) chronic student absenteeism. After running several numerical analyses between emotional intelligence (independent variable) and student achievement (dependent variable) and controlling for certain subpopulations, the statistical analyses data revealed that there were no …

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Delineation Of B Cell Follicle Associated Cd4+ T Cell Subsets, Ryan James Mcmonigle Jan 2021

Delineation Of B Cell Follicle Associated Cd4+ T Cell Subsets, Ryan James Mcmonigle

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High affinity antibody responses rely on the interaction between CD4+ T cells andB cells, but these cell populations are segregated into different regions of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). Early-stage follicular helper CD4+ T cells (Tfh cells) upregulate the B cell follicle-homing chemokine receptor CXCR5 in order to move from the T cell zone to the B cell follicle and establish interactions with cognate B cells that are essential for T-dependent humoral immune responses. Cognate Tfh and B cell interactions progress to the formation of germinal center (GC) reactions, where B cell receptors undergo rapid evolution to substantially increase antigen recognition …

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Investigation Into The Structure And Function Of Streptococcal Antigen I/Ii Family Of Proteins, Joshua L. Mieher Jan 2021

Investigation Into The Structure And Function Of Streptococcal Antigen I/Ii Family Of Proteins, Joshua L. Mieher

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Streptococci are involved in the infections of the oral cavity as well as at various sites throughout the body. Their initial contact with tissues/surfaces is enabled by adhesins present on the microbial surface. Among these the Antigen I/II- family (AgI/II) of adhesins are known be important factors in these infections as they enable adherence to multiple host proteins thus allowing the bacteria to gain a foot hold. In this thesis, we have structurally and functionally characterized yet another adhesin on S. mutans, the glucan binding protein C, which resembles the V-region of AgI/II. In addition, we have also resolved the …

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Omics Discovery For Cardiometabolic Traits In African Americans, Bre Ashanti Minniefield Jan 2021

Omics Discovery For Cardiometabolic Traits In African Americans, Bre Ashanti Minniefield

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Research shows African Americans are more likely to suffer from a chronic disease compared to other American populations. Due to the fact that African Americans are extremely underrepresented within human health research, the potential biological causes of the racial/ethnic differences are not well understood. Some of these health differences may be due to genomic variations within either the mitochondrial genome, nuclear genome, or both. To aid the revolution of inclusive human health research, we examined genomic factors related to cardiometabolic diseases in African Americans.African Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension compared to all other American populations. With the majority …

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Value Analysis Of Electronic Health Records, Shikha Shah Modi Jan 2021

Value Analysis Of Electronic Health Records, Shikha Shah Modi

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The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is defined as “a longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting” (HIMSS, 2011). EHRs have become an important part of the current health system as a result of government regulations, technology advancements, health care challenges, and market conditions. EHRs are considered an expensive investment; however, the complexity of adopting and implementing EHRs also demands attention. Given the complexity of health information technology (HIT) systems and the hefty investment that is required in the adoption of EHRs, a return on investment is expected, and it …

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Characterization Of The Metabolic And Cognitive Features Of A Novel Alzheimer’S Disease Rat Model Along With Investigation Of Its Gut Microbiota Change Over Time, Akash Nagarajan Jan 2021

Characterization Of The Metabolic And Cognitive Features Of A Novel Alzheimer’S Disease Rat Model Along With Investigation Of Its Gut Microbiota Change Over Time, Akash Nagarajan

All ETDs from UAB

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently the fifth highest cause of death in the United States and affects primarily individuals of very old age (>80 yrs.). Aging is known to be the biggest risk factor of AD. Recent studies have shown that AD patients have an altered gut microbiota composition. To investigate whether the Alzheimer’s disease pathology in the brain could drive gut microbiota changes during the adult and late life stage of the rat, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on the fecal samples of the animals at 14 months and 20 months of age. We found a distinctive …

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The Effects Of Implantoplasty On Implant Design Characteristics And Mechanical Strength, Peter Nasseh Jan 2021

The Effects Of Implantoplasty On Implant Design Characteristics And Mechanical Strength, Peter Nasseh

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Implantoplasty is defined as the mechanical removal of the implant threads and the macroscopically rough implant surface. Clinical outcomes such as probing depth and bleed-ing on probing measurements were shown to improve significantly after implantoplasty and peri-implant bone stability was achieved in the majority of the cases.This in-vitro study aims to investigate the effects of implantoplasty on the implant’s maximum compressing force and the type of failure that occurred on different implant sys-tems with different sizes, materials, collar designs and prosthetic connections. A total of 132 screw-shaped titanium implants from different manufacturers (Bi-oHorizons, Zimmer Biomet, and Nobel Biocare) and different …

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Modification Of N95 Respirators: Allaying Deficits In Respiratory Protection Below 300 Nanometers, Adam Nored Jan 2021

Modification Of N95 Respirators: Allaying Deficits In Respiratory Protection Below 300 Nanometers, Adam Nored

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The current growth rate of nanomaterials being used in everyday materials as well as in construction materials is quite large. While this in itself could be quite promising, there is a lack of information known about the risks that materials in the nano size range may have attached to their use. Until a full-scale risk analysis of the nanomaterials is used in the construction industry there is a need for personal protection to be implemented. A known issue with the current PPE exists, in that the N95 personal respirator has some particle collection efficiency issues below 300 nm. Modifications to …

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Teaching Historical Skills Using Monuments, Markers, And Online Museums, James David Nunez Jan 2021

Teaching Historical Skills Using Monuments, Markers, And Online Museums, James David Nunez

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ABSTRACT The nation is embroiled within intense debate regarding the existence of monuments, markers, and online museums as vestiges of racism and White privilege. Many argue those symbols should be removed from the public square. The essential question of this research is what are social studies methods teachers’ perspectives about using monuments, markers, and online museums (3M) as teaching tools to prepare pre-service teachers to utilize historical thinking skills? This study was designed in part to re-tool a traditional interpretation of controversial 3M artifacts that deal honestly with memory, providing learners a compelling motivation to explore history that promotes greater …

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The Relationships Fathers Have With Their Co-Residential Adult Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Exploration Of Fatherhood And Masculinity, Kirsten Leigh Ostergren Clark Jan 2021

The Relationships Fathers Have With Their Co-Residential Adult Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Exploration Of Fatherhood And Masculinity, Kirsten Leigh Ostergren Clark

All ETDs from UAB

This dissertation explored the relationships between fathers and their co-residential adult children who have been diagnosed with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). This research addressed 1) the ways fathers understand their involvement in the lives of their adult child with developmental disabilities, especially as it relates to their masculinity; 2) how fathers perceive that their experiences fathering their child have impacted their health and health behaviors, including how masculinity plays a part; and 3) what supports fathers stated they have utilized and recommend, along with what challenges and constraints fathers feel they have faced. My analysis of in-depth interviews …

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An Investigation Of Endogenous Pain Modulation And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain, Demario Overstreet Jan 2021

An Investigation Of Endogenous Pain Modulation And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain, Demario Overstreet

All ETDs from UAB

ABSTRACT Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the most common disabling conditions in the world, and is one of the leading contributors to medical care seeking in adults. The worldwide prevalence of activity-limiting (acute and chronic) low back pain is about 12%, which equates to approximately 933 million people globally suffering with low back pain at any given time. Despite the prevalence and frequency of medical intervention, sustained pain relief and functional restoration are rarely achieved for those with cLBP. The vast majority of cLBP is “non-specific” with no identifiable pathology of the spine or related tissues. Without …

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Psychosocial Risk And Resiliency Factors For Pain Severity Among African Americans With Chronic Low Back Pain, Terence Matthew Penn Jan 2021

Psychosocial Risk And Resiliency Factors For Pain Severity Among African Americans With Chronic Low Back Pain, Terence Matthew Penn

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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is among the most prevalent, disabling, and painful health conditions worldwide, contributing to significant economic and societal costs. In the United States, the burden of chronic pain – including CLBP – disproportionately affects non-Hispanic Blacks (“Blacks”) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (“Whites”), with Blacks consistently displaying greater pain severity and frequency across multiple studies. To help understand these racial pain disparities, researchers have adopted a biopsychosocial model of chronic musculoskeletal pain, examining how cognitive, behavioral, social/environmental, and biomedical factors collectively influence pain outcomes. Different lines of research have investigated the impact of distressing social experiences on …

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Color Vision Testing With Readily Available Materials, Angel Perez Jan 2021

Color Vision Testing With Readily Available Materials, Angel Perez

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COLOR VISION TESTING WITH READILY AVAILABLE MATERIALS ANGEL PEREZ VISION SCIENCE ABSTRACT The perception of color is a process by which the brain discriminates different light wavelengths stimulating the cone photoreceptors in the retina of the eye. In humans each cone contains a photopigment making it most sensitive to either short (red), medium (green), or long (blue) wavelengths of light. However, when one of the cone pigments is defective or missing, color discrimination is reduced, resulting in color vision deficiency due to a deficient sex-linked chromosome in most cases. Color vision deficiency has the potential to impede many everyday activities, …

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Inflammation, Executive Function, And Adiposity In Children With Or At Risk For Obesity, Kathryn L. Prendergast Jan 2021

Inflammation, Executive Function, And Adiposity In Children With Or At Risk For Obesity, Kathryn L. Prendergast

All ETDs from UAB

Obesity is associated with executive function (EF) deficits across the lifespan. Higher body mass index (BMI), greater severity of obesity, and poorer adherence and weight outcomes in obesity treatment have all been associated with EF deficits. Adult literature has begun to emphasize neuroinflammation in obesity as a possible pathway to later cognitive impairment. However, the pediatric obesity literature has yet to even establish associations between peripheral inflammation and EF. Thus, the present study aimed to examine associations and variability in inflammatory biomarkers, EF, and adiposity in children with or at risk for obesity. Additionally, inflammation was examined as a mechanism …

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Disrupting The Perioperative Opioid Gateway: Identification Of Risk Factors For New Persistent Post-Surgical Opioid Use, Gia Marie Pittet Jan 2021

Disrupting The Perioperative Opioid Gateway: Identification Of Risk Factors For New Persistent Post-Surgical Opioid Use, Gia Marie Pittet

All ETDs from UAB

A large portion of the American Opioid Crisis is due to opioid naïve patients who become new persistent post-surgical opioid users, although the risk factors for the development of this addiction are not well studied. The objective of this study was to analyze multiple layers of pre-operative and procedural risk factors using an ecological perspective theoretical framework in adult patients undergoing invasive surgery. We performed a retrospective analysis of 13,970 opioid naïve adults in a mixed surgical cohort with data available at the University of California Los Angeles that was merged with narcotics data for the State of California (IRB#19-000625). …

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Mechanism Of Stat3 Mediated Drug Persistence In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells, Sweta B. Patel Jan 2021

Mechanism Of Stat3 Mediated Drug Persistence In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells, Sweta B. Patel

All ETDs from UAB

Drug persistence is one of the major impediments for cancer therapeutics. There are two known evolutionary models for tumor drug persistence. First, a pre-existing sub-population is inherently resistant to treatment; and second, a sub-population acquires resistance by drug-induced molecular reprograming. One ideal model to study the mechanism of drug persistence is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorder. HSCs acquire a single translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, forming BCR-ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the standard regimen, have been able to efficaciously control CML and yet many patients relapse upon treatment discontinuation …

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Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Licorice Extrcat Agiasnt Oral Microorganisms, Roshanak Rastegar Jan 2021

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Licorice Extrcat Agiasnt Oral Microorganisms, Roshanak Rastegar

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction: The causative factors of dental caries have been studied for many years, however, preventing the formation of dental caries remains an elusive task. Microorganisms have been the focal point of numerous studies as a prime cariogenic factor. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans have been frequently co-isolated from dental biofilm in patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and studies have demonstrated the synergistic effects of these two microorganisms in promoting tooth demineralization. Acid and glucan production, which are two virulence factors produced by S. mutans that mediate biofilm formation and tooth decay, have been shown to be promoted during co-colonization …

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Efficacy Of Lower Incisor Intrusion Using Clear Aligners, Cason Roberson Jan 2021

Efficacy Of Lower Incisor Intrusion Using Clear Aligners, Cason Roberson

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Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate pre and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs on patients treated with Invisalign by the same orthodontist where lower incisor intrusion was prescribed and to determine the amount of true lower incisor intrusion achieved during treatment. Methods: This retrospective case series study included 48 patients with an overbite exceeding 2mm, who were treated with Invisalign clear aligner therapy, and whose Clincheck treatment plan included lower incisor intrusion. The mean age of the study group was 27 years with 14 (29%) of the subjects being male and 35 (71%) being female. The mean …

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A Grounded Theory Study: The Lived Experiences Of K-12 Administrators Regarding Leadership Effectiveness Over Time, Sandy Georgette Deades Ritchey Jan 2021

A Grounded Theory Study: The Lived Experiences Of K-12 Administrators Regarding Leadership Effectiveness Over Time, Sandy Georgette Deades Ritchey

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this study was to generate a theory in education comparable to studies in other disciplines by exploring how current leadership theories can be expanded to explain how leadership effectiveness changes over time. This study explored active and retired principals' experiences to see how their effectiveness may or may not have changed over time. I was particularly interested in learning if there was a point in their careers when they perceived that they were no longer as effective as they used to be or could have been, what this looked like, and how this guided their next steps. …

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Biomarker And Target Discovery In Cancer, Alyncia Dominique Robinson Jan 2021

Biomarker And Target Discovery In Cancer, Alyncia Dominique Robinson

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Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of transformed cells that can arise in many tissue types throughout the body (e.g., breast, lung, prostate, pancreas, lymph nodes) and is a major cause of death worldwide. Cancer progression resulting in aggressive or metastatic disease accounts for one of the leading causes of death worldwide, second only to heart disease in the US. Incidentally, cancer-related mortality has been on a steady decline, dropping 25% over the last 25 years [1]. This could be attributed to improved and earlier diagnoses and better treatment options being developed over the past few decades. …

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Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels Jan 2021

Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels

All ETDs from UAB

Urban schools face the enormous task of providing a wide range of support to students. These supports include academics, socio-emotional learning, health, nourishment, and even clothing. Students arrive with challenges that make it difficult to concentrate on their academic studies. The community education model can supply students in urban schools with needed resources so that they may prioritize their academics. A community education model is a holistic approach to providing support to students. With this in mind, the urban school leader must find a way to provide comprehensive support to students, both through community education and in consideration of essentialist …

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Cns Antigen Presentation And Immune Cell Infiltration In An Α-Syn Model Of Parkinson Disease, Aubrey Michelle Schonhoff Jan 2021

Cns Antigen Presentation And Immune Cell Infiltration In An Α-Syn Model Of Parkinson Disease, Aubrey Michelle Schonhoff

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is characterized by aggregated alpha-synuclein (a-syn), loss of dopaminergic neurons, and neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammation includes the activation of immune cells that reside in the CNS, such as microglia and border associated macrophages (BAMs), in addition to the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes and increased cytokine and chemokine production. Because of the involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, we sought to investigate their interaction through antigen presentation and determine what role this played in disease progression. Using an a-syn based mouse model of PD, our studies have provided evidence via …

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Embodied Fat Stigma And Health Beliefs About Exercise And Diet, Brie Scrivner Jan 2021

Embodied Fat Stigma And Health Beliefs About Exercise And Diet, Brie Scrivner

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how individuals navigate the cultural mandate for thinness, which pressured individuals to pursue weight loss through exercise and restrictive diets. While sustainable weight loss is not probable for the majority of people, there are still significant physical and mental health benefits to be had from engaging in regular, enjoyable movement. For many, physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. It can improve quality of life for individuals regardless of weight, body size, chronic illness, or disability. However, many fitness facilities focus on weight loss as the most essential goal …

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Assesing The Degree Of Intereron Gamma Induced Stat1 Activation On Peripheral Lymphocytes In Patietns With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Vishal Sharma Jan 2021

Assesing The Degree Of Intereron Gamma Induced Stat1 Activation On Peripheral Lymphocytes In Patietns With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Vishal Sharma

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with debilitating side effects, from joint swelling to bone erosion and bone deformation. Geographically, RA affect 0.5 – 1% of the worldwide populations, affecting women more than men. Studies have shown that CD4 T cells infiltrate RA synovium and are key to the pathogenesis of RA. Furthermore, drugs targeting co-stimulatory T cell molecules such as abatacept can be beneficial in controlling RA disease activity.Interferon gamma (IFN) is a pleotropic cytokine that contributes to inflammation by aiding in CD4 T cell differentiation into Th1 subtype, enhancing MHC class II presentation, supplementing lymphocyte trafficking, …

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