Digital Commons Network^™

Contribution Of Aberrant Toll Like Receptor Signaling To The Pathogenesis Of Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Luana Chiquetto Paracatu, Laura G Schuettpelz

Open Access Publications

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that play a central role in the innate immune response. These receptors are expressed on a wide variety of immune and non-immune cells, and they help shape the immune response to infection and injury through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Accumulating evidence suggests that, in addition to regulating mature effector immune cells, TLRs can influence the immune response from the level of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). HSCs express TLRs, and exposure to TLR ligands influences the cycling, differentiation, …

Use Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior Framework To Understand Breastfeeding Decision-Making Among Mothers Of Preterm Infants, Margaret G. Parker, Sunah S. Hwang, Emma S. Forbes, Bryanne N. Colvin, Kyria R. Brown, Eve R. Colson

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Tumor Burden, Inflammation, And Product Attributes Determine Outcomes Of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel In Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Frederick L. Locke, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Enhanced Recovery With Paravertebral And Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks In Microvascular Breast Reconstruction, Ryan Guffey, Grace Keane, Austin Y. Ha, Rajiv Parikh, Elizabeth Odom, Li Zhang, Terence M. Myckatyn

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Gut Microbiome Defines Social Group Membership In Honey Bee Colonies, Cassondra L Vernier, Iris M Chin, Boahemaa Adu-Oppong, Joshua J Krupp, Joel Levine, Gautam Dantas, Yehuda Ben-Shahar

Open Access Publications

In the honey bee, genetically related colony members innately develop colony-specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, which serve as pheromonal nestmate recognition cues. Yet, despite high intracolony relatedness, the innate development of colony-specific chemical signatures by individual colony members is largely determined by the colony environment, rather than solely relying on genetic variants shared by nestmates. Therefore, it is puzzling how a nongenic factor could drive the innate development of a quantitative trait that is shared by members of the same colony. Here, we provide one solution to this conundrum by showing that nestmate recognition cues in honey bees are defined, at …

Association Of Radial Longitudinal Deficiency And Thumb Hypoplasia: An Update Using The Could Registry, Malka Forman, Maria F Canizares, Deborah Bohn, Michelle A James, Julie Samora, Suzanne Steinman, Lindley B Wall, Andrea S Bauer, Could Study Group

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Deficiency of the radial aspect of the forearm and hand is the most common congenital longitudinal deficiency of the upper limb. Radial longitudinal deficiency is associated with several named syndromes. The purpose of the present study was to explore patterns of radial longitudinal deficiency and thumb hypoplasia in syndromes and to examine the severity of these differences across various syndromes.

METHODS: Data were collected from the Congenital Upper Limb Differences (CoULD) registry. Congenital differences are classified in the registry with use of the Oberg-Manske-Tonkin (OMT) classification system. Diagnosis of a syndrome by a physician as noted in the CoULD …

Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions Of Cryptococcus Neoformans With Host Phagocytes, Elizabeth A Gaylord, Hau Lam Choy, Tamara L Doering

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Metabolic Effects Of Selective Deletion Of Group Via Phospholipase A2 From Macrophages Or Pancreatic Islet Beta-Cells, John Turk, Haowei Song, Mary Wohltmann, Cheryl Frankfater, Xiaoyong Lei, Sasanka Ramanadham

Open Access Publications

To examine the role of group VIA phospholipase A

Using Digital Technology To Reduce The Prevalence Of Mental Health Disorders In Populations: Time For A New Approach, C Barr Taylor, Josef I Ruzek, Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft, Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit, Naira Topooco, Ruth Striegel Weissman, Daniel Eisenberg, David Mohr, Andrea Graham, Corinna Jacobi, Brian Oldenburg

Open Access Publications

Digital technology, which includes the collection, analysis, and use of data from a variety of digital devices, has the potential to reduce the prevalence of disorders and improve mental health in populations. Among the many advantages of digital technology is that it allows preventive and clinical interventions, both of which are needed to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorders, to be feasibly integrated into health care and community delivery systems and delivered at scale. However, the use of digital technology also presents several challenges, including how systems can manage and implement interventions in a rapidly changing digital environment and …

Surgeon Choice In The Use Of Postdischarge Antibiotics For Prophylaxis Following Mastectomy With And Without Breast Reconstruction, David K Warren, Katelin B Nickel, Christopher J Hostler, Katherine Foy, Jennifer H Han, Pam Tolomeo, Ian R Banks, Victoria J Fraser, Margaret A Olsen, Cdc Prevention Epicenter Program

Open Access Publications

Multiple guidelines recommend discontinuation of prophylactic antibiotics <24 hours after surgery. In a multicenter, retrospective cohort of 2,954 mastectomy patients ± immediate breast reconstruction, we found that utilization of prophylactic postdischarge antibiotics varied dramatically at the surgeon level among general surgeons and was virtually universal among plastic surgeons.

Transcriptome Analysis Of Alternative Splicing In The Pathogen Life Cycle In Human Foreskin Fibroblasts Infected With Trypanosoma Cruzi, Hyeim Jung, Seonggyun Han, Younghee Lee

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Unrelated To Cognitive Performance Among Non-Demented And Demented Persons: An Examination Of Long Life Family Study Participants, Adiba Ashrafi, Stephanie Cosentino, Min S Kang, Joseph H Lee, Nicole Schupf, Stacy L Andersen, Kaare Christensen, Michael A Province, Bharat Thyagarajan, Joseph M Zmuda, Lawrence S Honig

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a widely hypothesized biomarker of biological aging. Persons with shorter LTL may have a greater likelihood of developing dementia. We investigate whether LTL is associated with cognitive function, differently for individuals without cognitive impairment versus individuals with dementia or incipient dementia.

METHOD: Enrolled subjects belong to the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), a multi-generational cohort study, where enrollment was predicated upon exceptional family longevity. Included subjects had valid cognitive and telomere data at baseline. Exclusion criteria were age ≤ 60 years, outlying LTL, and missing sociodemographic/clinical information. Analyses were performed using linear regression with …

Characterization Of A High-Resolution Breath Acetone Meter For Ketosis Monitoring, Donald J Suntrup Iii, Timothy V Ratto, Matt Ratto, James P Mccarter

Open Access Publications

Background: The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetone are endogenous products of fatty acid metabolism. Although ketone levels can be monitored by measuring either blood BHB or breath acetone, determining the precise correlation between these two measurement methods has been challenging. The purpose of this study is to characterize the performance of a novel portable breath acetone meter (PBAM) developed by Readout, Inc., to compare single versus multiple daily ketone measurements, and to compare breath acetone (BrAce) and blood BHB measurements.

Methods: We conducted a 14-day prospective observational cohort study of 21 subjects attempting to follow either a low-carbohydrate/ketogenic or …

Canonical Signaling By Tgf Family Members In Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Dispensable For Hematopoietic Niche Maintenance Under Basal And Stress Conditions, Joseph Ryan Krambs, Grazia Abou Ezzi, Juo-Chin Yao, Daniel C. Link

Open Access Publications

Mesenchymal stromal cells are an important component of the bone marrow hematopoietic niche. Prior studies showed that signaling from members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily in mesenchymal stromal cells is required for normal niche development. Here, we assessed the impact of TGF family signaling on niche maintenance and stress responses by deleting Smad4 in mesenchymal stromal cells at birth, thereby abrogating canonical TGF signaling. No alteration in the number or spatial organization of CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, osteoblasts, or adipocytes was observed in Osx-Cre, Smad4fl/fl mice, and expression of key niche factors was normal. Basal hematopoiesis and stress …

Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation In Female Mice Causes Osteopenia In Adult Offspring, Yu Shi, Jessica L. Saben, Guangxu He, Kelle H. Moley, Fanxin Long

Open Access Publications

Bone mass and quality in humans are controlled by numerous genetic and environmental factors that are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has indicated that maternal metabolic dysregulation impairs multiple physiological processes in the adult offspring, but a similar effect on bone health is yet to be established. Here, we have analyzed the bones of first-generation offspring from murine dams that present metabolic syndrome due to a high-fat and high-sugar (HF/HS) diet. Micro-CT analyses show that the long bones of HF/HS offspring possess lower cortical bone mass and weaker mechanical strength than normal, even though the trabecular bone is not affected. …

Quality Of Anticoagulation With Warfarin In Rural Chhattisgarh, India, Puja Chebrolu, Sushil Patil, Timothy S. Laux, Noor Al-Hammadi, Yogesh Jain, Brian Gage

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Chemical Effects Of Dicect Staining Protocols On Fluid-Preserved Avian Specimens, Catherine M. Early, Ashley C. Morhardt, Timothy P. Cleland, Christopher M. Milensky, Gwénaëlle M. Kavich, Helen F. James

Open Access Publications

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) techniques allow visualization of soft tissues of fluid-preserved specimens in three dimensions without dissection or histology. Two popular diceCT stains, iodine-potassium iodide (I2KI) dissolved in water and elemental iodine (I2) dissolved in 100% ethanol (EtOH), yield striking results. Despite the widespread use of these stains in clinical and biological fields, the molecular mechanisms that result in color change and radiopacity attributed to iodine staining are poorly understood. Requests to apply these stains to anatomical specimens preserved in natural history museums are increasing, yet curators have little information about the potential for degradation of treated …

Rev-Erb Agonism Improves Liver Pathology In A Mouse Model Of Nash, Kristine Griffett, Gonzalo Bedia-Diaz, Bahaa Elgendy, Thomas P. Burris

Open Access Publications

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a significant number of people worldwide and currently there are no pharmacological treatments. NAFLD often presents with obesity, insulin resistance, and in some cases cardiovascular diseases. There is a clear need for treatment options to alleviate this disease since it often progresses to much more the much more severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The REV-ERB nuclear receptor is a transcriptional repressor that regulates physiological processes involved in the development of NAFLD including lipogenesis and inflammation. We hypothesized that pharmacologically activating REV-ERB would suppress the progression of fatty liver in a mouse model of NASH. Using …

Functional Profiling Of Fsh And Estradiol In Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors, Ulla-Maija Haltia, Marjut Pihlajoki, Noora Andersson, Lotta Mäkinen, Johanna Tapper, Alejandra Cervera, Hugo M. Horlings, Ursula Turpeinen, Mikko Anttonen, Ralf Bützow, Leila Unkila-Kallio, Olli Carpén, David B. Wilson, Markku Heikinheimo, Anniina Färkkilä

Open Access Publications

Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are sex-cord derived neoplasms with a propensity for late relapse. Hormonal modulators have been used empirically in the treatment of recurrent AGCT, albeit with limited success. To provide a more rigorous foundation for hormonal therapy in AGCT, we used a multimodal approach to characterize the expressions of key hormone biomarkers in 175 tumor specimens and 51 serum samples using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, RNA

Higher Iron Stores And The Hfe 187c>G Variant Delay Onset Of Peripheral Neuropathy During Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, Asha R. Kallianpur, Wanqing Wen, Angelika L. Erwin, David B. Clifford, Todd Hulgan, Gregory K. Robbins

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) continue to experience sensory neuropathy and neuropathic pain in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era for unclear reasons. This study evaluated the role of iron in a previously reported association of iron-loading hemochromatosis (HFE) gene variants with reduced risk of neuropathy in PWH who received more neurotoxic cART, since an iron-related mechanism also might be relevant to neuropathic symptoms in PWH living in low-resource settings today.

DESIGN: This time-to-event analysis addressed the impact of systemic iron levels on the rapidity of neuropathy onset in PWH who initiated cART.

METHODS: Soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR), the sTFR-ferritin …

Prehospital Use Of A Modified Heart Pathway And Point-Of-Care Troponin To Predict Cardiovascular Events, Jason P. Stopyra, Louis Fornage, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02709135).

Quantitative Definition Of Neurobehavior, Vision, Hearing And Brain Volumes In Macaques Congenitally Exposed To Zika Virus, Michelle R. Koenig, Kevin Noguchi, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure results in a spectrum of disease ranging from severe birth defects to delayed onset neurodevelopmental deficits. ZIKV-related neuropathogenesis, predictors of birth defects, and neurodevelopmental deficits are not well defined in people. Here we assess the methodological and statistical feasibility of a congenital ZIKV exposure macaque model for identifying infant neurobehavior and brain abnormalities that may underlie neurodevelopmental deficits. We inoculated five pregnant macaques with ZIKV and mock-inoculated one macaque in the first trimester. Following birth, growth, ocular structure/function, brain structure, hearing, histopathology, and neurobehavior were quantitatively assessed during the first week of life. We identified …

Relationship Of Amyloid Beta And Neurofibrillary Tau Deposition In Neurodegeneration In Aging Down Syndrome (Niad) Study At Baseline, D L Tudorascu, C M Laymon, M Zammit, D S Minhas, S J Anderson, P A Ellison, S Zaman, B M Ances, M Sabbagh, S C Johnson, C A Mathis, W E Klunk, B L Handen, B T Christian, A D Cohen

Open Access Publications

Importance: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at high-risk of revealing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, in part due to the triplication of chromosome 21 encoding the amyloid precursor protein. Adults with DS are uniformly affected by AD pathology by their 30's and have a 70% to 80% chance of clinical dementia by their 60's. Our previous studies have assessed longitudinal changes in amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in DS.

Objective: The goal of the present study was to assess the presence of brain tau using [

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Multi-center study.

Participants: Participants consisted of a sample of individuals with …

Effects Of Personality On The Developmental Trajectories Of Academic Burnout Among Korean Medical Students, Han Chae, C. Robert Cloninger, Soon Jin Lee

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Naturalistic Driving Behavior Using In-Vehicle Monitoring Technology In Preclinical And Early Alzheimer's Disease, Jennifer D Davis, Ganesh M Babulal, George D Papandonatos, Erin M Burke, Christopher B Rosnick, Brian R Ott, Catherine M Roe

Open Access Publications

Cognitive impairment is a significant risk factor for hazardous driving among older drivers with Alzheimer's dementia, but little is known about how the driving behavior of mildly symptomatic compares with those in the preclinical, asymptomatic phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study utilized two in-car technologies to characterize driving behavior in symptomatic and preclinical AD. The goals of this pilot study were to (1) describe unsafe driving behaviors in individuals with symptomatic early AD using G-force triggered video capture and (2) compare the driving habits of these symptomatic AD drivers to two groups of cognitively normal drivers, those with and …

High-Throughput Analysis Of Adaptation Using Barcoded Strains Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Vincent J Fasanello, Ping Liu, Carlos A Botero, Justin C Fay

Open Access Publications

Background: Experimental evolution of microbes can be used to empirically address a wide range of questions about evolution and is increasingly employed to study complex phenomena ranging from genetic evolution to evolutionary rescue. Regardless of experimental aims, fitness assays are a central component of this type of research, and low-throughput often limits the scope and complexity of experimental evolution studies. We created an experimental evolution system in

Results: We first confirm that barcode insertions do not alter fitness and that barcode sequencing can be used to efficiently detect fitness differences via pooled competition-based fitness assays. Next, we examine the effects …

Human Ipsc-Derived Neuronal Cells From Ctbp1-Mutated Patients Reveal Altered Expression Of Neurodevelopmental Gene Networks, S Vijayalingam, Eric Tycksen, Christina A Gurnett, Et Al

Open Access Publications

A recurrent

Meningioma: A Review Of Clinicopathological And Molecular Aspects, Kristin Huntoon, Angus Martin Shaw Toland, Sonika Dahiya

Open Access Publications

Meningiomas are the most the common primary brain tumors in adults, representing approximately a third of all intracranial neoplasms. They classically are found to be more common in females, with the exception of higher grades that have a predilection for males, and patients of older age. Meningiomas can also be seen as a spectrum of inherited syndromes such as neurofibromatosis 2 as well as ionizing radiation. In general, the 5-year survival for a WHO grade I meningioma exceeds 80%; however, survival is greatly reduced in anaplastic meningiomas. The standard of care for meningiomas in a surgically-accessible location is gross total …

Considerations In Preparative Regimen Selection To Minimize Rejection In Pediatric Hematopoietic Transplantation In Non-Malignant Diseases, Robert J Hayashi

Open Access Publications

The variables that influence the selection of a preparative regimen for a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant procedure encompasses many issues. When one considers this procedure for non-malignant diseases, components in a preparative regimen that were historically developed to reduce malignant tumor burden may be unnecessary. The primary goal of the procedure in this instance becomes engraftment with the establishment of normal hematopoiesis and a normal immune system. Overcoming rejection becomes the primary priority, but pursuit of this goal cannot neglect organ toxicity, or post-transplant morbidity such as graft-versus-host disease or life threatening infections. With the improvements in supportive care, …

Coronavirus Proteins As Ion Channels: Current And Potential Research, Conor Mcclenaghan, Alex Hanson, Sun-Joo Lee, Colin G Nichols

Open Access Publications

Coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks have recently emerged as a global public health threat due to their exceptional zoonotic potential - a feature arising from their ability to infect a diverse range of potential hosts combined with their high capacity for mutation and recombination. After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) CoV-1 in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoV in 2012, with the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic we are now in the midst of the third deadly international CoV outbreak in less than 20 years. Coronavirus outbreaks present a critical threat to global public health and an urgent necessity for therapeutic options. …