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2020

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3d Localization Of Defects In Facility Inspections, Nicholas Califano Jan 2020

3d Localization Of Defects In Facility Inspections, Nicholas Califano

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Wind tunnels are crucial facilities that support the aerospace industry. However, these facilities are large, complex, and pose unique maintenance and inspection requirements. Manual inspections to identify defects such as cracks, missing fasteners, leaks, and foreign objects are important but labor and schedule intensive. The goal of this thesis is to utilize small Unmanned Aircraft Systems with onboard cameras and computer vision-based analysis to automate the inspection of the interior and exterior of NASA's critical wind tunnel facilities. Missing fasteners are detected as the defect class, and existing fasteners are detected to provide potential future missing fastener sites for preventative …

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On Patching Learning Discrepancies In Neural Network Training, Mohamed Elfeki Jan 2020

On Patching Learning Discrepancies In Neural Network Training, Mohamed Elfeki

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Neural network's ability to model data patterns proved to be immensely useful in a plethora of practical applications. However, using the physical world's data can be problematic since it is often cluttered, crowded with scattered insignificant patterns, contain unusual compositions, and widely infiltrated with biases and imbalances. Consequently, training a neural network to find meaningful patterns in seas of chaotic data points becomes virtually as hard as finding a needle in a haystack. Specifically, attempting to simulate real-world multi-modal noisy distributions with high precision leads the network to learn an ill-informed inference distribution. In this work, we discuss four techniques …

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Investigation Of Recurrent Neural Network Architectures Based Deep Learning For Short-Term Traffic Speed Forecasting, Armando Fandango Jan 2020

Investigation Of Recurrent Neural Network Architectures Based Deep Learning For Short-Term Traffic Speed Forecasting, Armando Fandango

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The availability of large tranches of data and its influence on traffic flow, make the problem of short-term traffic speed prediction very complex in nature. For more than 40 years, various statistical time series forecasting methods have been applied for traffic speed prediction, and in the last 20 years, machine learning-based methods have gained prevalence. However, more recently, recurrent neural network (RNN) based methods have emerged to show better results for traffic speed prediction\cite{tian2015pred, zhao2017lstm,fu2017usin,chen2016long,dai2017deep,dai2019deep, kanestrom2017traf,shao2016traf,jia2017traf}. As the interest in applying RNN models to the traffic speed predictions started to grow, we found some critical and important unanswered questions with …

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Atomic Layer Deposition Of Oxide Materials For Passivated Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells, Geoffrey Gregory Jan 2020

Atomic Layer Deposition Of Oxide Materials For Passivated Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells, Geoffrey Gregory

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Silicon-based devices have dominated the industrial solar cell marketplace for several decades, thanks to the low bulk defect concentration and technological relevance of silicon substrates. This has led to an oversupply of dopant-diffused homojunction technologies, which suffer from significant performance losses at the metal-silicon contact interface. In response, the research community has developed carrier-selective heterojunction contacts, which separate the metal from the silicon absorber with heavily-doped silicon layers. These novel contacts provide the same asymmetrical conductivity as the diffused junction in the previous generations of silicon solar cells, but with less processing complexity and greater device performance. Still, the silicon …

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Parametric Investigation And Optimization For Inconel 718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Thinh Huynh Jan 2020

Parametric Investigation And Optimization For Inconel 718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Thinh Huynh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Excellent weldability and high temperature stability make Inconel 718 (IN718) one of the most desired alloys to be produced by additive manufacturing (AM). Within the flourishing field of AM technology, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a popular prospective candidate capable of fabricating complex and near net-shape engineering components that traditional manufacturing methods cannot accomplish. In this study, the effects of processing parameters on the relative density and microstructure was investigated. Gas atomized IN718 powders were used to fabricate cuboidal specimens via LPBF for metallographic characterization. The specimens were printed with independently varied laser power (125 - 350 W), laser …

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Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu Jan 2020

Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

In the development of renewable energy technologies, electrocatalysis plays a central role in energy conversion processes, such as fuel cells and electrochemical fuel synthesis. Development of such technologies relies on the rational design of electrocatalysts as well as understanding their interaction with the working environment. Here we focus on gas-involving electrocatalytic reactions, particularly nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia and formic acid electrooxidation to carbon dioxide. First, to understand the structure-activity relationships for nitrogen electroreduction on Ru, we prepared a series of size-controlled Ru nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition. Both catalytic activity and selectivity for ammonia production on Ru catalysts strongly depend …

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The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le Jan 2020

The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Transmission of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) occurs efficiently and from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, therefore making it highly infectious. As such, social distancing is generally recommended to mitigate the speed of transmission and decrease incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Consistent with other chronic medical conditions, COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting Hispanic/Latinx and black populations. One inherent cultural concept, familism, might also serve to inhibit adherence to social distancing guidelines. Thus, the current study contributes to the growing literature on COVID-19, specifically examining barriers underscoring health disparities. This study evaluated Attitudinal Familism (AFS) and Behavioral Familism (BFS) as predictors of adherence of social …

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Adachigahara Project: A 3d Iterative Series, James Mitchell Jan 2020

Adachigahara Project: A 3d Iterative Series, James Mitchell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This project tested an aesthetic use of 3D space to create alienation and immersion. It expanded upon it through iteration into other methods of cinematic alienation. To do this the project produced three short films each used the aesthetic of stereoscopic space. Two of the films were tested in conjunction with other methods of alienation while one served as a baseline. The project was able to render the spatial method of alienation and immersion, and found that other methods of alienation had an effect on it. While the project was able to test the use of 3D space to alienate …

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Integrating Technology Acceptance Model And Health Belief Model Factors To Better Estimate Intelligent Tutoring System Use For Surge Capacity Public Health Events And Training, Sarah Matthews Jan 2020

Integrating Technology Acceptance Model And Health Belief Model Factors To Better Estimate Intelligent Tutoring System Use For Surge Capacity Public Health Events And Training, Sarah Matthews

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The U.S. public health system is continually challenged by unexpected epidemiological events that pose significant risks to the health of the community and require a commensurate surge in the public health system capacity to stem the spread of the disease. The complexity and even changing nature of funding and surge events drives agencies to innovate in order to maintain and support a competent workforce as well as update, or evolve the knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) necessary to prevent, mitigate, or even eliminate the health crisis arising from a disease. This research investigates the capability of an agent-based, online personalized …

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Taking Inventory, Constance Owens Jan 2020

Taking Inventory, Constance Owens

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

"Taking Inventory" is a biography about my mother, whose life spanned decades filled with hope, heartbreak, loneliness, and adversity. Weaving together micro-essay and prose poetry set at the merger of her adulthood and my childhood, this mixed genre collection examines the many ways her life influenced mine. The triptych structure of the book moves backwards in time, exploring the relationship between my mother and the world she navigated, beginning with the final stages of her life, moving through a turbulent mid-life, and ending with the young woman affected by a world war, an alcoholic father, and a devoutly religious mother. …

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Two's Accompany: Understanding Acceptance Through Animation, Brian Phinn Jan 2020

Two's Accompany: Understanding Acceptance Through Animation, Brian Phinn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Animation as a medium has broad appeal based on its ability to convey stories in universal ways. This art form bridges cultural barriers that allow relationships to form through shared interests. Music also shares similar traits. Based on the global understanding of music and its history of use in film, the conclusion is the acceptance of different musical tastes can parallel acceptance of differing ideologies. When clashing ideological beliefs cause societal conflict, it is essential to remember that friendships cultivate through commonalities. The purpose of this study is to create an animated short film that presents the story of two …

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Distributed Multi-Agent Optimization And Control With Applications In Smart Grid, Towfiq Rahman Jan 2020

Distributed Multi-Agent Optimization And Control With Applications In Smart Grid, Towfiq Rahman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

With recent advancements in network technologies like 5G and Internet of Things (IoT), the size and complexity of networked interconnected agents have increased rapidly. Although centralized schemes have simpler algorithm design, in practicality, it creates high computational complexity and requires high bandwidth for centralized data pooling. In this dissertation, for distributed optimization of networked multi-agent architecture, the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is investigated. In particular, a new adaptive-gain ADMM algorithm is derived in closed form and under the standard convex property to greatly speed up the convergence of ADMM-based distributed optimization. Using the Lyapunov direct approach, the proposed …

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Patients With A Left Ventricular Device And Factors Affecting Readmission, Diana Pitcher Jan 2020

Patients With A Left Ventricular Device And Factors Affecting Readmission, Diana Pitcher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Patients with a left ventricular assist device have a high rate of hospital readmissions after their index (placement of left ventricular device) discharge. With these devices becoming more common providers of care must understand why this population is being readmitted in order to promote well-being and keep patients out of the hospital. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe characteristics of the hospital readmission. This research study was a retrospective analysis of aggregate data from 2013-2019 with a sample size n = 32. The summary of data was described with descriptive statistics. The data was grouped and …

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Investigations On The Use Of Hyperthermia For Breast Cancer Treatment, Sreekala Suseela Jan 2020

Investigations On The Use Of Hyperthermia For Breast Cancer Treatment, Sreekala Suseela

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Hyperthermia using electromagnetic energy has been proven to be an effective method in the treatment of cancer. Hyperthermia is a therapeutic procedure in which the temperature in the tumor tissue is raised above 42°C without causing any damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. This method has been shown to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Radio frequencies, microwave frequencies or focused ultrasound can be used to deliver energy to the tumor tissue to attain higher temperatures in the tumor region for hyperthermia application. In this dissertation the use of a near field focused (NFF) microstrip antenna array for the …

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Study On Comprehensive Mechanical Properties Of Metallic Matrix Cnt Nano-Composites, Shutao Song Jan 2020

Study On Comprehensive Mechanical Properties Of Metallic Matrix Cnt Nano-Composites, Shutao Song

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have excellent mechanical strengths, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. CNT reinforced metallic nano-composites are viewed as a great candidate to replace traditional alloy materials. It has been shown that CNTs can greatly enhance the strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of composites. However, the ductility of composites would deteriorate due to the addition of CNTs if the fabrication or/and processing methods are not improved or well designed. This dissertation investigated (1) the strengthening mechanisms of CNT on metallic matrix, such as mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, and (2) analytical modeling on the strength-ductility trade-off of CNT reinforced …

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The Dollar General: Continuous Custom Gesture Recognition Techniques At Everyday Low Prices, Eugene Taranta Jan 2020

The Dollar General: Continuous Custom Gesture Recognition Techniques At Everyday Low Prices, Eugene Taranta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Humans use gestures to emphasize ideas and disseminate information. Their importance is apparent in how we continuously augment social interactions with motion—gesticulating in harmony with nearly every utterance to ensure observers understand that which we wish to communicate, and their relevance has not escaped the HCI community's attention. For almost as long as computers have been able to sample human motion at the user interface boundary, software systems have been made to understand gestures as command metaphors. Customization, in particular, has great potential to improve user experience, whereby users map specific gestures to specific software functions. However, custom gesture recognition …

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Advanced Econometic Models For Modeling Flows: Application To Shared Economy, Bibhas Dey Jan 2020

Advanced Econometic Models For Modeling Flows: Application To Shared Economy, Bibhas Dey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Travel and tourism industry is undergoing transformation with the flourishing of online sharing economy marketplaces such as Bike Share services, Uber/Lyft (for taxi services), Eatwith (for community restaurants), and AirBnB (for accommodation). The current research effort contributes to literature on sharing economy service flow analysis by formulating and estiamting econometric approaches for analyzing frequency variables. The sharing economy alternatives investigated include: (a) accommodation service (AirBnB), (b) bikeshare service (Citi bike, NYC) and (c) ride hailing service (UBER/LYFT/Taxi). In the first part of the dissertation, we develop a copula based negative binomial count model framework to count AirBnB listings at census …

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Multi-Species Measurements At High Temperatures Using Advanced Mid-Infrared Laser Schemes, Zachary Loparo Jan 2020

Multi-Species Measurements At High Temperatures Using Advanced Mid-Infrared Laser Schemes, Zachary Loparo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

High-temperature reacting systems are central to many fields including propulsion, power generation, and transportation. Studying such systems requires the use of experimental facilities such as shock tubes to obtain the relevant high temperature conditions, and non-intrusive diagnostic tools for monitoring parameters of interest in the reaction zone, including temperature and species concentration time-histories. Laser absorption spectroscopy offers high-speed, in-situ measurements of the reacting flow field and provides direct measurements of species concentrations and temperature. Applying absorption spectroscopy via different diagnostic strategies enables tailored measurements of these parameters across a variety of combustion systems for chemical kinetic model refinement and enhancing …

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Synthesis Of Ruthenium Bipyridine Conjugated Antibiotic For Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging And Spectroscopy Aided Tracking In Citrus, Ryan Parente Jan 2020

Synthesis Of Ruthenium Bipyridine Conjugated Antibiotic For Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging And Spectroscopy Aided Tracking In Citrus, Ryan Parente

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Antibiotic treatment of systemic bacterial plant pathogens is an established practice in many crops; however, in citrus it has only recently become available for growers to utilize against Huanglongbing disease. The preliminary efficacy of these treatments is uncertain due to the inability to track their presence in phloem. The need to monitor their movement in planta, especially their presence and translocation in vascular tissue, is a necessary step in clarifying their effectiveness. Previous work has shown the value of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) in distinguishing between fluorescent probes and plant tissue autofluorescence, which is normally a barrier in photochemical studies …

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The Effects Of Social Conformity In Human-Robot Interaction, William Volante Jan 2020

The Effects Of Social Conformity In Human-Robot Interaction, William Volante

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

While previous work has investigated aspects of the robot, the human, and the environment as influential factors in the human-robot relationship, little work has examined the role of social conformity in this relationship. As social conformity has been shown to affect human-human choice, relationships, and trust, there are a-priori reasons to believe that it will play an influential role in human-robot interaction (HRI) scenarios as well. Early research into the influence of social conformity in human-robot interaction (HRI) did not find the effect to be present with robots, however more recent work has adapted the methodological paradigm to find more …

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Towards Large-Scale And Robust Code Authorship Identification With Deep Feature Learning, Mohammed Abuhamad Jan 2020

Towards Large-Scale And Robust Code Authorship Identification With Deep Feature Learning, Mohammed Abuhamad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Successful software authorship identification has both software forensics applications and privacy implications. However, the process requires an efficient extraction of quality authorship attributes. The extraction of such attributes is very challenging due to several factors such as the variety of software formats, number of available samples, and possible obfuscation or adversarial manipulation. We focus on software authorship identification from three central perspectives: large-scale single-authored software, real-world multi-authored software, and the robustness assessment of code authorship identification methods against adversarial attacks. First, we propose DL-CAIS, a deep Learning-based approach for software authorship attribution, that facilitates large-scale, format-independent, language-oblivious, and obfuscation-resilient software …

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Monitoring Pathological Gene Expression And Studying Endogenous Epigenetic Architecture By Crispr/Cas9-Based Tool Development Using Alpha-Synuclein As A Model, Levi Adams Jan 2020

Monitoring Pathological Gene Expression And Studying Endogenous Epigenetic Architecture By Crispr/Cas9-Based Tool Development Using Alpha-Synuclein As A Model, Levi Adams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Until recently, complete understanding of the endogenous activity of pathologically relevant genes was out of reach and research was confined to in situ work, plasmid-based constructs and artificial model systems. The development and expansion of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique has enabled us to explore the molecular underpinnings of gene activation using the cell's own endogenous regulatory environment. In this work, we report on the development of a novel tool to monitor the endogenous activity of a causative gene in Parkinson's disease, a-synuclein. We use CRISPR/Cas9 to insert a highly sensitive engineered luciferase at the C-terminal of a-synuclein and assessed …

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Removal Of Chemicals Of Emerging Concern And Mass Transfer Modeling In A Nanofiltration Membrane Process, Carlyn Higgins Jan 2020

Removal Of Chemicals Of Emerging Concern And Mass Transfer Modeling In A Nanofiltration Membrane Process, Carlyn Higgins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

An investigation of 1,4-dioxane and enantiomeric ibuprofen mass transfer in a nanofiltration (NF) membrane process has been completed. Pilot-scale experiments using a 267 gallon per minute (gpm) split-feed, center-port NF process treating pH 6.5 groundwater revealed a consistent 12 percent removal of 1,4-dioxane despite the variable feed concentration (180 nanograms per liter (ng/L) to 38,400 ng/L) when the water flux and temperature were held constant. Bench-scale, flat-sheet NF membrane experiments treating pH 4.0 synthetic water displayed a 34.5 to 49.5 percent removal of racemic ibuprofen. Removal values were dependent on feedwater concentration (1 to 1,500 microgram per liter (µg/L)), pH, …

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Mechanical Behavior Assessment Of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Produced By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Asif Mahmud Jan 2020

Mechanical Behavior Assessment Of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Produced By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Asif Mahmud

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The present work correlates quasi-static, tensile mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 23) alloy to the phase constituents, microstructure and fracture surface characteristics that changed with post-heat treatment of stress relief (670 °C for 5h) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP with 100MPa at 920 °C for 2h). Ti-6Al-4V alloy tensile specimens in both the horizontal (i.e., X and Y) and vertical (Z) directions were produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. Mechanical properties were determined using quasi-static, tensile testing for both the as-stress-relieved (ASR) and HIP specimens. For the ASR and HIP samples built in X, Y and …

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Development And Characterization Of A Novel Serum Free Human Ipsc Motoneuron-Primary Human Schwann Cell Model Of Myelination, Aakash Patel Jan 2020

Development And Characterization Of A Novel Serum Free Human Ipsc Motoneuron-Primary Human Schwann Cell Model Of Myelination, Aakash Patel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Myelination and node of Ranvier formation play an important role in saltatory conduction of axonal action potentials in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Degeneration or damage of this myelin can lead to impairment in the conduction of signals by the axons, and cause deficits in sensory and motor function. Currently, animal-based models are the primary method used to study myelination; however, data generated in animal models generally translate poorly to humans, especially as applied to drug discovery. In order to accurately study myelination in humans without having to rely on human testing, an engineered in vitro model of myelination could …

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Extreme Ultraviolet Quasar Colours From Galex Observations Of The Sdss Dr14q Catalogue, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Sarah C. Wesolowski, Mary J. Yeckley, Joseph M. Marcinik, Jean M. Quashnock, Lawrence M. Machia, Jian Wu Jan 2020

Extreme Ultraviolet Quasar Colours From Galex Observations Of The Sdss Dr14q Catalogue, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Sarah C. Wesolowski, Mary J. Yeckley, Joseph M. Marcinik, Jean M. Quashnock, Lawrence M. Machia, Jian Wu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The rest-frame far to extreme ultraviolet (UV) colour–redshift relationship has been constructed from data on over 480,000 quasars carefully cross-matched between SDSS Data Release 14 and the final GALEX photometric catalogue. UV matching and detection probabilities are given for all the quasars, including dependencies on separation, optical brightness, and redshift. Detection limits are also provided for all objects. The UV colour distributions are skewed redward at virtually all redshifts, especially when detection limits are accounted for. The median GALEX far-UV minus near-UV (FUV − NUV) colour–redshift relation is reliably determined up to z ≈ 2.8, corresponding to rest-frame wavelengths as …

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Outlier Profiles Of Atomic Structures Derived From X-Ray Crystallography And From Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Lin Chen, Jing He, Angelo Facchiano Jan 2020

Outlier Profiles Of Atomic Structures Derived From X-Ray Crystallography And From Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Lin Chen, Jing He, Angelo Facchiano

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Background: As more protein atomic structures are determined from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) density maps, validation of such structures is an important task. Methods: We applied a histogram-based outlier score (HBOS) to six sets of cryo-EM atomic structures and five sets of X-ray atomic structures, including one derived from X-ray data with better than 1.5 Å resolution. Cryo-EM data sets contain structures released by December 2016 and those released between 2017 and 2019, derived from resolution ranges 0–4 Å and 4–6 Å respectively. Results: The distribution of HBOS values in five sets of X-ray structures show that HBOS is sensitive distinguishing …

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Mementoembed And Raintale For Web Archive Storytelling, Shawn M. Jones, Martin Klein, Michele C. Weigle, Michael L. Nelson Jan 2020

Mementoembed And Raintale For Web Archive Storytelling, Shawn M. Jones, Martin Klein, Michele C. Weigle, Michael L. Nelson

Computer Science Faculty Publications

For traditional library collections, archivists can select a representative sample from a collection and display it in a featured physical or digital library space. Web archive collections may consist of thousands of archived pages, or mementos. How should an archivist display this sample to drive visitors to their collection? Search engines and social media platforms often represent web pages as cards consisting of text snippets, titles, and images. Web storytelling is a popular method for grouping these cards in order to summarize a topic. Unfortunately, social media platforms are not archive-aware and fail to consistently create a good experience for …

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Tmvis: Visualizing Webpage Changes Over Time, Abigail Mabe, Dhruv Patel, Maheedhar Gunnam, Surbhi Shankar, Mat Kelly, Sawood Alam, Michael L. Nelson, Michele C. Weigle Jan 2020

Tmvis: Visualizing Webpage Changes Over Time, Abigail Mabe, Dhruv Patel, Maheedhar Gunnam, Surbhi Shankar, Mat Kelly, Sawood Alam, Michael L. Nelson, Michele C. Weigle

Computer Science Faculty Publications

TMVis is a web service to provide visualizations of how individual webpages have changed over time. We leverage past research on summarizing collections of webpages with thumbnail-sized screenshots and on choosing a small number of representative archived webpages from a large collection. We offer four visualizations: Image Grid, Image Slider, Timeline, and Animated GIF. Embed codes for the Image Grid and Image Slider can be produced to include these visualizations on separate webpages. This tool can be used to allow scholars from various disciplines, as well as the general public, to explore the temporal nature of webpages.

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Repurposing Visual Input Modalities For Blind Users: A Case Study Of Word Processors, Hae-Na Lee, Vikas Ashok, I.V. Ramakrishnan Jan 2020

Repurposing Visual Input Modalities For Blind Users: A Case Study Of Word Processors, Hae-Na Lee, Vikas Ashok, I.V. Ramakrishnan

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Visual 'point-and-click' interaction artifacts such as mouse and touchpad are tangible input modalities, which are essential for sighted users to conveniently interact with computer applications. In contrast, blind users are unable to leverage these visual input modalities and are thus limited while interacting with computers using a sequentially narrating screen-reader assistive technology that is coupled to keyboards. As a consequence, blind users generally require significantly more time and effort to do even simple application tasks (e.g., applying a style to text in a word processor) using only keyboard, compared to their sighted peers who can effortlessly accomplish the same tasks …

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