Digital Commons Network^™

書信中的君王形象與心理戰 : 拓跋燾 (408—452) 的國書和他的南方讀者, Lu Kou

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

公元五世紀上半葉，北魏 (386—534) 王朝逐漸统一中國北部，成爲與南朝劉宋 (420—479) 政權相對峙的勁敵。隨著軍事對抗和外交互動的逐漸頻繁，雙方也實施和利用多種文化與政治策略以在權力與正統的爭奪中獲勝。本文討論北魏君主拓跋燾 (408—452，423—452在位) 在南北朝軍事對峙的關鍵時刻發送給南朝的國書以及書信中帝王的自我呈現。學界對北朝文學的某種共識認爲北人文章在語言風格上的簡單，反映了北方質樸的民風與民族特色。筆者則將拓跋燾書信的討論置於宫廷創作、外交策略以及歷史敘述的語境中，認爲拓跋燾書信語言的“簡單”是北朝宫廷特意營造與選擇的修辭術。該修辭策略塑造了與南方截然相反的帝王形象，同時影響預期讀者對當時軍事與政治形勢的判斷。之後，史學家沈約 (441—513) 將拓跋燾的書信嵌於《宋書》的歷史敘事中。語境的變化改變文本的意義，爲後來讀者提供了新的闡釋框架。

The Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 534) unified north China in the fifth century CE and stood as a powerful rival to the Liu Song dynasty (42 - 479) in the south. As military campaigns and diplomatic exchange between the two dynasties became more frequent, both courts strove to deploy a variety of strategies to prevail in the competitions of political authority and legitimacy. This article examines the northern emperor Tuoba Tao’s (408 - 452，r. 423 - 452 ) self-represen-tation in his letters delivered to the southern audience at the height …

Women Leaders And Policy Compliance During A Public Health Crisis, Nichole M. Bauer, Jeong Hyun Kim, Yesola Kweon

Faculty Publications

How does the gender of a political leader affect policy compliance of the public during a public health crisis? State and national leaders have taken a variety of policy measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, with varying levels of success. While many female leaders have been credited with containing the spread of COVID-19, often through implementing strict policy measures, there is little understanding of how individuals respond to public health policy recommendations made by female and male leaders. This article investigates whether citizens are more willing to comply with strict policy recommendations about a public health issue when those recommendations …

Computer-Based And Paper-And-Pencil Tests: A Study In Calculus For Stem Majors, Lawrence Smolinsky, Brian D. Marx, Gestur Olafsson, Yanxia A. Ma

Faculty Publications

Computer-based testing is an expanding use of technology offering advantages to teachers and students. We studied Calculus II classes for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors using different testing modes. Three sections with 324 students employed: paper-and-pencil testing, computer-based testing, and both. Computer tests gave immediate feedback and allowed multiple submissions and pooling. Paper-and-pencil tests (PPTs) required work and explanation allowing inspection of high cognitive demand tasks. Each test mode used the strength of its method. Students were given the same lecture by the same instructor on the same day and the same homework assignments and due dates. The design …

Estrogen-Sensitive Medial Preoptic Area Neurons Coordinate Torpor In Mice, Zhi Zhang, Fernando M.C.V. Reis, Yanlin He, Jae W. Park, Johnathon R. Divittorio, Nilla Sivakumar, J. Edward Van Veen, Sandra Maesta-Pereira, Michael Shum, India Nichols, Megan G. Massa, Shawn Anderson, Ketema Paul, Marc Liesa, Olujimi A. Ajijola, Yong Xu, Avishek Adhikari, Stephanie M. Correa

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Homeotherms maintain a stable internal body temperature despite changing environments. During energy deficiency, some species can cease to defend their body temperature and enter a hypothermic and hypometabolic state known as torpor. Recent advances have revealed the medial preoptic area (MPA) as a key site for the regulation of torpor in mice. The MPA is estrogen-sensitive and estrogens also have potent effects on both temperature and metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that estrogen-sensitive neurons in the MPA can coordinate hypothermia and hypometabolism in mice. Selectively activating estrogen-sensitive MPA neurons was sufficient to drive a coordinated depression of metabolic rate and body …

Metabolic Adaptation: Is It Really An Illusion?, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic Variation In Lean Body Mass, Changes Of Appetite And Weight Loss In Response To Diet Interventions: The Pounds Lost Trial, Xiang Li, Tao Zhou, Hao Ma, Yoriko Heianza, Catherine M. Champagne, Donald A. Williamson, George A. Bray, Frank M. Sacks, Lu Qi

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Aim: To investigate whether the genetic risk score (GRS) for lean body mass (LBM) modified the effects of weight-loss diets on changes in appetite and adiposity among overweight and obese individuals. Participants and Methods: In the 2-year Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial, we included 692 adults who were randomly assigned to one of four diets varying in macronutrient intake. A GRS was calculated using five single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with LBM. Results: The LBM-GRS was not associated with the baseline LBM measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in a subgroup (50%) of the study population. We found …

Lifestyle And Anthropometric Indicators Have Greater Associations With Steps/Day In Boys Than In Girls, Eduardo Rossato De Victo, Gerson Ferrari, Carlos André Miranda Pires, Dirceu Solé, Timóteo Leandro Araújo, Peter Todd Katzmarzyk, Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objective: To verify the association of lifestyle, anthropometric, sociodemographic, family and school environment indicators with the number of steps/day in children. Methods: The sample consisted of 334 children (171 boys) from nine to 11 years old. Participants used the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer to monitor the number of steps/day, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) for seven consecutive days. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat were also measured. Lifestyle indicators such as diet, environment, neighborhood, and parental schooling level were obtained with questionnaires. For the identification of variables associated to …

2020 Who Guidelines On Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour For Children And Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years: Summary Of The Evidence, Jean Philippe Chaput, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull, Roger Chou, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Russell Jago, Francisco B. Ortega, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) released in 2020 updated global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children, adolescents, adults, older adults and sub-populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and those living with chronic conditions or disabilities. Objective: To summarize the evidence on the associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related outcomes used to inform the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years. Methods: The update of the WHO guideline recommendations for children and adolescents utilized and systematically updated the evidence syntheses on physical activity and sedentary …

Advancing The Global Physical Activity Agenda: Recommendations For Future Research By The 2020 Who Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Guidelines Development Group, Loretta Dipietro, Salih Saad Al-Ansari, Stuart J.H. Biddle, Katja Borodulin, Fiona C. Bull, Matthew P. Buman, Greet Cardon, Catherine Carty, Jean Philippe Chaput, Sebastien Chastin, Roger Chou, Paddy C. Dempsey, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Christine M. Friedenreich, Leandro Garcia, Muthoni Gichu, Russell Jago, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Estelle Lambert, Michael Leitzmann, Karen Milton, Francisco B. Ortega, Chathuranga Ranasinghe, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Anne Tiedemann, Richard P. Troiano, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Juana F. Willumsen

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: In July, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) commenced work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health and established a Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising expert public health scientists and practitioners to inform the drafting of the 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. The overall task of the GDG was to review the scientific evidence and provide expert advice to the WHO on the amount of physical activity and sedentary behavior associated with optimal health in children and adolescents, adults, older adults (> 64 years), and also specifically in pregnant and postpartum women …

Sleep Extension: A Potential Target For Obesity Treatment, Kristin K. Hoddy, Kaitlin S. Potts, Lydia A. Bazzano, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Purpose of Review: Sleep and obesity share a bidirectional relationship, and weight loss has been shown to enhance sleep. Aiming to extend sleep on its own or as part of a lifestyle intervention may attenuate health consequences of short sleep. This review highlights several sleep extension approaches, discusses feasibility of each, and summarizes findings relevant to obesity. Recent Findings: Sleep extension in response to experimental sleep restriction demonstrates partial rescue of cardiometabolic dysfunction in some but not all studies. Adequate sleep on a nightly basis may be necessary for optimal health. While initial sleep extension interventions in habitually short sleepers …

Early Physical Activity Adoption Predicts Longer-Term Physical Activity Among Individuals Inactive At Baseline, Jessica L. Unick, Michael P. Walkup, Michael E. Miller, John W. Apolzan, Peter H. Brubaker, Mace Coday, James O. Hill, John M. Jakicic, Roeland J.W. Middelbeek, Delia West, Rena R. Wing

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: To examine the relationship between early physical activity (PA) adoption (2, 3, and 4 mo) and longer-term PA adherence (1 y) among individuals who were inactive at baseline and received a lifestyle intervention. Methods: Participants (n = 637) received weekly behavioral weight loss sessions, calorie reduction, and PA goals (50.175 min/wk progression). PA was assessed via self-reported measures at baseline, months 2 to 4, and 1 year. Results: PA at months 2 to 4 was significantly correlated with PA at 1 year (rs = .29..35, P < .01). At all early time points, those failing to meet the prescribed PA goal (early nonadopters) engaged in significantly less PA at 1 year than those meeting the early PA goal (initial adopters). For example, using 2-month criteria, initial adopters engaged in 108.3 minutes per week more at 1 year compared with early nonadopters (P < .01) and had 2.8 times the odds (95% confidence interval, 1.9.4.2) of meeting the 1-year PA goal (≥175 min/wk, P < .01). Conclusions: Failure to achieve PA goals at 2, 3, or 4 months results in less overall PA at 1 year. Thus, PA observed as early as month 2 may be a useful indicator for identifying at-risk individuals who may benefit from more intensive PA intervention strategies.

A Snapshot Semester: Students’ Reflections Of Performance And Mental State Throughout A Graduate Course, Bradley D. Borges

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Graduate students are anecdotally reputed to be among the most stressed groups of young adults. Common sources of stress for graduate students have included coursework, assistantships, finances, career preparation, and family (Wyatt & Oswalt, 2013; Mazzola, Walker, Shockley & Spector, 2011; Oswalt & Riddock, 2007). Guided reflection can be used by educators to assist students in both learning (Boud, Keogh & Walker, 2013; Kolb, 1984) and managing stress (Shoulders, Whitehead, & Morrison, 2018). By understanding how students’ progress through a semester in terms of both their learning and their management of stress, instructors and academic advisors can better anticipate times …

Validation Of A Swahili Version Of The 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (Phq-9) Among Adults Living With Hiv Compared To A Community Sample From Kilifi, Kenya, Paul Mwangi, Moses K. Nyongesa, Hans M. Koot, Pim Cuijpers, Charles R.J.C. Newton, Abubakar Abdillah

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background: Depression remains under-investigated in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa due to paucity of adequately validated measures. This study aimed to validate an adapted version of the 9-item Pa- tient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among adults living with HIV compared to those from the community in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods: Analysis of data from 450 adults living with HIV and 337 adults from the community was conducted examining the reliability, factorial structure, measurement invariance and discriminant validity of interviewer- administered PHQ-9, Swahili version.

Results: Internal consistency of the Swahili PHQ-9 was good overall, in adults living with …

Emergency Department Pediatric Self Efficacy Scale (Pedi-Ed-Se): A Psychometric Study, Elizabeth Molle, Stephanie German

General Submissions: Presentations (Oral and Poster)

Extant literature supports that ED health care providers lack self-efficacy for recognizing and managing pediatric emergencies, particularly in community-based hospital settings. Further, empirical evidence supports that in-situ simulation provides an effective educational venue for improving self-efficacy. However, a gap exists in measuring self-efficacy with a validated and reliable instrument. Therefore, an instrument development research study was done to construct and test the new instrument.

Team Up Against Sepsis; 6 Tasks In 60 Minutes, Karin Kloppel, Barbara Richards

General Submissions: Presentations (Oral and Poster)

This project has a three-pronged purpose: 1. Improve compliance with sepsis bundles. 2. Improve early recognition of possible SIRS/Sepsis and reduce sepsis mortality. 3. Improve times in obtaining labs, lactate, 2 blood cultures, IV access, IV fluid resuscitation and initiating antibiotics by 80%. Sepsis is the number one cause of mortality in hospitals nationwide. Our hospital system has identified sepsis mortality reduction as a top priority. Early recognition and treatment through improving sepsis bundle compliance was the selected focus in our 40-bed emergency department.

A Bibliometric Analysis Of The Aga Khan University Research Contribution In Early Child Development, Peter Gatiti, Anil Khamis

Libraries

The research contribution of the Aga Khan University to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been explored through a bibliometric analysis. The analysis shows exponential growth of research across the SDGs undertaken by AKU-affiliated researchers. The analysis identified areas of interdisciplinary research, with a significant focus on societal development of interest to AKU, as per its mandate, and reflective of the work of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) of which AKU is an integral part. Building on the bibliometric analysis, this paper focuses on early childhood development and early childhood education with reference to the SDGs. A specific query …

Beyond The Nuclear Family: A Qualitative Examination Of Extended Family Involvement Among American Indian Families, Ashleigh Coser, Maureen Sullivan, Hannah Espeleta

Journal of Family Strengths

A common practice among American Indian (AI) families, as well as many ethnic minority families, is involving both nuclear and extended family members in raising children. This practice is believed to serve as a protective factor for families against negative outcomes and provide a potential avenue for social support. Several authors have described extended family members being involved in helping to care taking, sharing cultural knowledge and customs, and disciplining youth. As a result, it has been proposed that extended family members help to nurture the parent-child relationship and provide various forms of support to parents. Despite this, the available …

The Detection And Treatment Of Diabetes Distress, Kylie Jane Viens

Student Projects for Graduate Degrees

The purpose of this project is to develop evidenced-based, best practice guidelines on detecting and treating diabetes distress for health care providers at Southcentral Foundation (SCF). A need was identified at SCF because health care providers do not currently screen for diabetes distress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Key findings include the importance of detecting and treating diabetes distress, critical times to screen for diabetes distress, and evidenced-based treatment options if diabetes distress is detected. It was determined that the Diabetes Distress Scale is a valid and reliable tool for health care providers to assess diabetes distress in the …

Fostering Place-Based Education And Inclusion In The Classroom Through School Grades, Karina Gonzales-Smith

Student Projects for Graduate Degrees

Place-based education expands the space where students learn by connecting to the outdoors, such as garden-based lessons that are dynamic and have a multidisciplinary curriculum. Students are given the opportunity to learn healthy behaviors, environmentally sustainable practices, and life skills. Inclusion is fostered by giving teachers and students agency in the learning experience. The purpose of this study was to view garden education through the lens of place-based education, critical pedagogy, and social justice. To this end, a lesson plan template was created to facilitate future development of garden-based lessons characterized by responsive curriculum and alignment with academic standards. A …

Sonograms And Speech: Informed Consent, Professional Speech, And Physicians' First Amendment Rights, Oliana Luke

Washington Law Review

Abortion is an extremely divisive topic that has caused waves of litigation. The right to access abortion has traditionally been challenged based on due process, equal protection, and privacy grounds. However, in a more recent string of cases, physicians have been challenging laws that require the physician to narrate an ultrasound before an abortion as an abridgment of their First Amendment rights. These cases require courts to balance the government’s ability to reasonably regulate a physician through professional licensing with the physician’s First Amendment protections against government-compelled speech. This Comment argues that, to balance these ideals and survive First Amendment …

Emotion Regulation And N2 Amplitude During A Go/Nogo Task: An Erp Study, Emily Tolar

Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Emotion regulation is how people respond to and manage their reactions to life experiences, including resolving conflict between variable responses. Past research has associated the N2, an event-related potential associated with resolving response conflict, with both emotion regulation and negative emotion. However, to the best of our knowledge, no one has assessed if different emotion-regulation strategies are differentially associated with N2 activation. To assess this question, we conducted an EEG study with 147 participants. Participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and then played the go/no-go game as their EEG data was collected. The relationship between N2 amplitude and …

A Phenomenographic Study Of Teachers’ Perceptions Of A School Leader’S Role In Teacher Retention In A Failing Title I Elementary School, Alex Davis

Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership Dissertations

This study examines teachers’ perceptions of their administrator’s role in retaining teachers in one failing Title I Elementary School. As attrition rates among teachers increase in the United States, more investigation is needed to fully understand what role, if any, school administrators play in teachers’ retention efforts. Through the use of phenomenography, this study explores various factors connected to school administrators that can contribute to teacher retention. Interviews and a focus group were used to gather data in this study to provide insight into teachers’ perceptions of their administrator's role in contributing to their decisions to leave or remain in …

Being Careful : Progressive Era Women And The Movements For Better Reproductive Health Care, Sarah Patterson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACTFor American and British women, the definition of being healthy changed in the first two decades of the twentieth century. Previously, there had been a resigned acceptance of the fact that a woman’s reproductive capacity often relegated her to a lifetime of suffering and ill health. Certainly, individual women sometimes sought out solutions to their health problems, but there was no concerted social movement to help all women. Then in the Progressive Era that changed. The professionalization of medicine, combined with scientific breakthroughs, such as using Salvarsan to treat syphilis and urine testing to identify eclampsia meant that women could …

The Relationship Between Group Identification And Perceived Control Under Stressful Conditions, Fanshu Jin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Group identification provides important psychological resources. One potential benefit is that it may relieve individuals’ strain in stressful situation by increasing their perceived personal control. The current research explores the different roles that group identification plays in reaction to stressful performance situations. In particular, it investigates the extent to which group identification impacts perceived control in performance contexts. It was hypothesized that activating group identification prior to performing a challenging task will bolster perceptions of personal control, thereby sustaining or improving performance. An experimental study was conducted that manipulated salience of group identification, either before or after exposure to a …

Trading Privacy For Promotion? Fourth Amendment Implications Of Employers Using Wearable Sensors To Assess Worker Performance, George M. Dery Iii

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

This Article considers the Fourth Amendment implications of a study on a passive monitoring system where employees shared data from wearables, phone applications, and position beacons that provided private information such as weekend phone use, sleep patterns in the bedroom, and emotional states. The study’s authors hope to use the data collected to create a new system for objectively assessing employee performance that will replace the current system which is plagued by the inherent bias of self-reporting and peer-review and which is labor intensive and inefficient. The researchers were able to successfully link the data collected with the quality of …

Three Essays On Health Economics, Jihye Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis focuses on various factors affecting health of American adults and the elderly based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In chapter 1, I examine the role of educational and racial differences in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for Americans at ages 45-64 using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) during 2000-2016. I compute severity-weighted prevalence of diseases with comorbidity adjustments based on the Global Burden of Disease (2015), and map onto the information on 17 doctor-diagnosed diseases and four self-rated disabling health conditions from HRS. This approach allows us to evaluate the importance of major …

Predictive Facts, Brent Ferguson

Washington Law Review

A substantial portion of constitutional law rests on untested factual predictions made by the Supreme Court. Such forecasts have played a large role in a wide range of case outcomes, helping the Court decide questions such as whether corporations have the right to spend money on elections and what evidence may be used in criminal cases despite Fourth Amendment violations.

Scholars have not yet studied the frequency of such predictions, the problems they create, or the functions they serve. The literature has looked more closely at court decisions that depend on conclusions of legislative fact—facts not specific to a certain …

Characterizing The Impact Of Adversity, Abuse, And Neglect On Adolescent Amygdala Resting-State Functional Connectivity, Theresa W. Cheng, Kathryn L. Mills, Oscar Miranda Dominguez, Dagmar Zeithamova, Anders Perrone, Darrick Sturgeon, Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing, Philip A. Fisher, Jennifer H. Pfeifer, Damien A. Fair, Kristen L. Mackiewicz Seghete

Psychology Faculty Publications

Characterizing typologies of childhood adversity may inform the development of risk profiles and corresponding interventions aimed at mitigating its lifelong consequences. A neurobiological grounding of these typologies requires systematic comparisons of neural structure and function among individuals with different exposure histories. Using seed-to-whole brain analyses, this study examined associations between childhood adversity and amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) in adolescents aged 11–19 years across three independent studies (N = 223; 127 adversity group) in both general and dimensional models of adversity (comparing abuse and neglect). In a general model, adversity was associated with altered amygdala rs-fc with clusters within the …

“High Schoolers’ And Middle Schoolers’ Connections In Their Schools: Relation To Tardiness, Absences, Disciplinary Referrals, And Failed Courses”, Margaret Rogers, Edward Churchill, Kimberly A. Pristawa

Psychology Faculty Publications

The Connections Project (Author, 2012) is designed to assist school personnel in identifying students at- risk for social-emotional concerns by examining students’ perceptions of connectedness with adults and peers in school. Currently used in several states, schools complete the screening measure as part of their use of the Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) framework. While many measures of connectedness are lengthy and designed for elementary grade children, the Connections measure is an efficient, straightforward assessment employed with middle school and high school aged youth and school personnel. The purpose of the current study was to examine student connectedness with adults …

Balderdash! A Dozen Critically Flawed Biblical Scholarship Views Destined Deservedly For The Dust Bin—Part I, Paul N. Anderson

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

It goes without sayings that biblical studies, and especially New Testament studies, comprise a field that isan inch wide and a mile deep. This is no accident. Indeed, the Bible is the most significant and widely readbook in human history, and it has served historically as the primary basis for much of western politics,philosophy, literature, art, and ideology over the last two millennia, let alone Christian theology and religion.This does not mean, though, that all readings of Scripture pass muster in terms of sound exegetical analysis.While an ancient text may indeed “speak” to a later reader or community in ways …